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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Estudo do potencial biocatalÃtico do fungo Rhizopus stolonifer na biotransformaÃÃo de produtos naturais / Study of the potential of fungus biocalytic Rhizopus stolonifer biotransformation in natural products

Josà RÃgis de Paiva 03 February 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho investigou-se o potencial biocatalÃtico do fungo Rhizopus stolonifer um fungo fitopatogÃnico em biotransformaÃÃes de metabÃlitos secundÃrios naturais Dois desses metabolitos, o diterpeno 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e o derivado fenÃlico 6-gingerol foram biotransformados e seus respectivos produtos isolados e quantificados por CLAE A elucidaÃÃo estrutural dos produtos de biotransformaÃÃo pelo fungo Rhizopus stolonifer foram realizadas por anÃlise dos espectros de RMN 1H RMN 13C RMN 13C-DEPT 135 IV e EM Identificou-se que os produtos obtidos eram provenientes de uma biorreduÃÃo revelando o potencial deste fungo na reduÃÃo quimio e regiosseletivas de grupos carbonilas nÃo conjugados Realizou-se o estudo cinÃtico dos produtos de biorreduÃÃo por CLAE e ensaios citotoxicidade frente Ãs linhagens tumorais humanas OVCAR-8 (ovÃrio) SF-295 (glioblastoma) e HCT-8 (cÃlon) O produto biorreduzido 6-gingerdiol apresentou os melhores percentuais de inibiÃÃo do crescimento celular: 91,83; 70,90 e 78,56 respectivamente / In this work the biocatalytic potential of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer a phytopathogenic fungus in biotransformations of natural secondary metabolites was investigated Two of these metabolites the diterpene 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and the phenolic derivative 6-gingerol was biotransformed and their products was isolated and quantified by HPLC The structural determination of biotransformation products was obtained by analysis of 1H NMR 13C NMR 13C-NMR DEPT 135 IV and MS spectrum The products were obtained by a biorreduction process revealing the potential of this fungus in selective reduction of unconjugated carbonyl groups The products from bioreduction were submitted to antitumor assay against human tumor cell lines OVCAR-8 (ovarian) SF-295 (glioblastoma) and HCT-8 (colon) The biotransformation product 6-gingerdiol showed the highest percentage of inhibition of cell growth: 91,83; 70,90 e 78,56, respectively
32

MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FE(III) IN MULTIPLE CLAY MINERALS BY SHEWANELLA PUTREFACIENS AND REACTIVITY OF BIOREDUCED CLAY MINERALS TOWARD TC(VII) IMMOBILIZATION

Bishop, Michael Edward 01 December 2010 (has links)
No description available.
33

Impact des oxydes de fer naturels et des nanoparticules manufacturées sur la dynamique des éléments traces dans les sols de zones humides / Impact of natural iron oxydes and engineered nanoparticles on trace metal mobility in wetland soil

Al-Sid-Cheikh, Maya 02 October 2015 (has links)
La nanoscience est basée sur les changements de propriétés des particules lorsque leur diamètre est inférieur à 100 nm (i.e. nanoparticules, NPs). Devant l’utilisation croissante de tels NPs, et leur déversement probable dans l’environnement, l’évaluation de leurs risques sur la santé humaine et l’environnement est un enjeu majeur. Dans le cadre de la protection des eaux et des sols, l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux de surface est particulièrement importante, notamment dans les zones humides (ZHs), où la dynamique des métaux toxique (i.e. As, Pb, Ni, Cr, Hg) est complexe et dépend des conditions redox du milieu. Comme les NPs de magnétite (nano-Fe3O4), naturelles ou manufacturées, sont reconnues pour leur capacité d’adsorption importante face aux métaux lourds, leurs interactions dans les ZHs ripariennes (ZHRs) avec les ETMs restent critiques quant à leurs impacts directs ou indirects. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier le rôle des nano-Fe3O4 manufacturées (~10nm) et des oxydes de fer naturels sur la dynamique des ETMs dans les eaux de surfaces et les sols de ZHRs. Ainsi, dans un premier volet portant sur des précipités colloïdaux naturels provenant de produits de reoxydation en milieu riparian (soumis à des oscillations redox), la distribution spatiale des éléments a été effectuée par cartographie isotopique nanoSIMS (i.e. 75As-, 56Fe16O-, le soufre (32S-) et la matière organique (12C14N-), alors que la spéciation du soufre a été évaluée par adsorption des rayons X au seuil K du soufre (S) (XANES). Ces analyses ont permis de mettre en évidences les interactions entre les oxydes de fer naturels, la matière organique naturelle (MON) et un métalloïde toxique, l’arsenic. Nos résultats suggèrent, par colocalisation statistique des images nanoSIMS, l’existence de deux types d’interaction : (1) 12C14N-, 32S-, 56Fe16O- et 75As-, et (2) 12C14N-, 32S- et 75As-. La coexistence des formes de S oxydées et réduites, confirmées par les analyses XANES, pourrait être attribuée à la lente cinétique d’oxydation de la MON. Ainsi, ce premier volet montre qu’en plus des interactions MON, oxydes de fer et As, de possibles interactions directes entre As et NOM à travers des groupements fonctionnels soufrés (e.g. thiols) sont aussi possibles en milieu oxydé. Dans un second volet, l’effet des nano-Fe3O4 (~ 10 nm) sur la mobilité des éléments traces (ETs) et des colloïdes, dans l'horizon organominéral d’un sol naturel de ZHR, a été évaluée à l’aide de colonnes de sol. Nos résultats montrent que l’enrobage des nanoparticules semble influencer la mobilité de la MON et des ETs du sol. En effet, la mobilité des ETs semble augmenter en présence de nano-Fe3O4 nus, suggérant des associations où la MON stabiliserait les nanoparticules et augmenterait leur mobilité ainsi que celle des ETs associés. / Nanoscience is based on changes in particle properties when their diameter is below 100 nm (ie nanoparticles, NPs). Considering the increasing use of such NPs and their discharge into the environment, the assessment of their risks to human health and the environment is a major issue. Underneath the protection of waters and soils, the surface water assessment quality is particularly important, especially in wetlands, where the toxic metals dynamic (e.g. As, Pb, Ni, Cr , Hg) is complex and depends on the redox conditions of the environment. As magnetite (nano-Fe3O4), a natural or manufactured NP, is known for its significant adsorption capacity with heavy metals, their interactions in riparian wetlands with trace metals (TMs) remain critical concerning their direct of indirect impact on trace metals (TMs) mobility. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of manufactured nano-Fe3O4 (~ 10nm) and natural iron oxides on the TMs dynamics in wetland surface waters and soils. Therefore, in a first part considering natural colloidal precipitates from reoxidation products from riparian areas (subject to redox oscillations), a spatial distribution of elements was performed using nanoSIMS isotope mapping (i.e. 75As-, 56Fe16O-, sulfur (32S-) and organic matter (12C14N-), while the sulfur speciation was evaluated X-ray adsorption at K edge of the sulfur (S) (XANES). These analyzes allowed to highlight the interactions between natural iron oxides, natural organic matter (NOM) and a toxic metalloid, As. Our results suggest, with a statistical colocalization of nanoSIMS images, the existence of two interaction types: (1) 12C14N-, 32S-, 56Fe16O- and 75As-, and (2) 12C14N-, 32S- and 75As-. The coexistence of the oxidized and reduced forms of S, confirmed by the XANES analyses might be attributed to the slow oxidation kinetic of MON. Thus, this first part shows that in addition to the known interactions between MON, iron oxides and As, a possible direct interaction between As and NOM through sulfur functional groups (e.g. thiols) are also possible in oxidized environment. In a second part, the effect of nano-Fe3O4 (~ 10 nm) on trace elements (TEs) and colloids mobility in the organomineral horizon of a natural wetland soil was assessed using soil columns. Our results show that the nanoparticles coating influences the mobility of NOM and TMs. Indeed, the TMs mobility increases in presence of naked nano-Fe3O4, suggesting associations where NOM stabilizes the nanoparticles and increase the nanoparticles and associated TMs mobility. This mechanism seems less possible with coated nano-Fe3O4 where MON blocks the coating adsorption sites and therefore the adsorption of metals.

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