In recent years, due to the continuous development of machinery, electronics, leather, chemical companies and dry-cleaning industry, more and more chlorinated hydrocarbons accumulate in the soil, causing serious harm to the environment. The accumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and the teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic hazards seriously threaten human health. Therefore, the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons is imminent. Under this premise, in-situ bioremediation has gradually received attention. For in situ bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons, the most commonly used methods are biostimulation alone, bioaugmentation alone, and a combination with biostimulation and bioaugmentation. The removal rate of trichloroethylene in the case of using biostimulation products alone is significantly lower than that of using bioaugmentation products alone. The removal rate of trichloroethylene by biostimulation products alone does not exceed 60%, and “DCE pause” occurred, but did not occur in the case of using bioaugmentation products. The removal rate of trichloroethylene by bioaugmentation products is generally higher than 98%, and it will promote the degradation of trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene to non-toxic ethylene. Therefore, only cases containing bioaugmentation can achieve non-toxic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and take into account the high removal rate of them. In addition, the biostimulation duration is significantly shorter.

Arsenic (As), a known carcinogen, is a groundwater contaminant in many parts of the world. Arsenic contamination is enhanced through carbon addition, such as biostimulation, a remediation process, which has been used to remove trichloroethylene (TCE) from sediment and groundwater. Two studies were designed to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources on the removal of TCE through dechlorination and on As solubilization and mobilization in response to carbon addition. The first set of columns (15.2 cm diameter, 183 cm long) used whey, Newman Zone® standard surfactant emulsified oil, Newman Zone® nonionic surfactant emulsified oil, and no carbon controls as carbon and energy sources and were fed for 7.5 years. The second set (7.62 cm diameter and length) used whey, lactate, and no carbon control as carbon sources with columns being dismantled and analyzed over a 5-month time period. These studies showed that reducing conditions, caused by the carbon sources, was the driving force for As mobilization as As(V) was reduced to the more mobile As(III). Total As mass in the sediment was lost with all carbon treatments within the first study with whey having a greater loss; however, within the second study, both whey and lactate treatments had the same extent of As mass loss over time. The results also indicated that some As could be attenuating with carbonates or other highly soluble minerals.

Les activités industrielles sont à l’origine d’un grand nombre de sites et sols pollués en France. Parmi les polluants retrouvés, les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), notamment ceux de haut poids moléculaire, posent un réel problème environnemental et de santé publique en raison de leur toxicité et de leur persistance dans les sols. Les techniques biologiques de remédiation qui stimulent la dégradation microbienne des HAP en utilisant des plantes (phyto/rhizoremédiation), des nutriments (biostimulation), ou encore des microorganismes (bioaugmentation), apparaissent comme des stratégies intéressantes car elles sont plus respectueuses de l’environnement et moins onéreuses que les méthodes physico-chimiques. Dans ce contexte, la capacité de la plante Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) à améliorer la dissipation du benzo(a)anthracène (BaA), un HAP de haut poids moléculaire peu étudié en remédiation, a été évaluée par une approche pluridisciplinaire en réalisant deux types d’expérimentations à partir d’un sol artificiellement contaminé. La première a consisté à analyser l’influence rhizosphérique de la plante (phyto/rhizoremédiation) au cours d’une période de 12 mois. Les résultats ont montré que la présence de MxG conduisait en fin d’exposition à une réduction 3 fois plus importante de la teneur en BaA dans le sol grâce à une augmentation de la biodisponibilité du contaminant et à un effet positif sur les communautés microbiennes via une modification de leur diversité et une augmentation de leur densité de gènes ARNr 16S et PAH-RHDα GP. Afin d’améliorer la compréhension de ce phénomène, une deuxième expérimentation a été mise en place sur une durée de 105 jours dans le but d’étudier spécifiquement l’influence de certaines molécules exsudées au niveau du système racinaire de la plante (biostimulation) et de microorganismes spécifiques, associés à sa rhizosphère, ayant la capacité de dégrader le BaA (bioaugmentation). Ces essais ont témoigné de la complexité des mécanismes rhizosphériques et de la nécessité d’approfondir ce type d’analyses afin d’améliorer la compréhension des processus de biodégradation dans la rhizosphère de la plante. L’ensemble de ces résultats a alors montré que MxG était une candidate idéale pour la phyto/rhizoremédiation de sols contaminés par des HAP de haut poids moléculaires mais que des études supplémentaires étaient encore nécessaires pour comprendre les processus intervenant dans sa rhizosphère / Industrial activities result of a large number of contaminated sites and soils in France. Among the pollutants found, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and especially those of high molecular weight, are a real environmental and public health problem because of their toxicity and persistence in soils. Biological remediation techniques which stimulate microbial degradation of PAHs using plants (phyto/rhizoremediation), nutrients (biostimulation), or microorganisms (bioaugmentation), appear as interesting strategies because they are more environmental friendly and less expensive than physico-chemical methods. In this context, the ability of the plant Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) to improve benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) dissipation, a high molecular weight PAH few studied in remediation, was assessed with a multidisciplinary approach through two types of experimentations using an artificially contaminated soil. The first one was to analyze the rhizospheric influence of the plant (phyto/rhizoremediation) over a period of 12 months. Results showed that the presence of MxG led to a 3-fold reduction in BaA concentration in soil at the end of exposure thanks to an increase in pollutant bioavailability, and a positive effect on microbial communities due to a modification of their diversity and an increase in their 16S rRNA and PAH-RHDα GP genes density. In order to improve the understanding of this phenomenon, a second experiment was carried out for 105 days to study specifically the influence of certain molecules exuded in the plant’s root system (biostimulation), and specific microorganisms associated with its rhizosphere having the capacity to degrade BaA (bioaugmentation). These tests demonstrated the complexity of rhizospheric mechanisms, and the necessity to explore this type of analysis to improve the understanding of biodegradation processes in plant rhizosphere. All these results showed that MxG was an ideal candidate for phyto/rhizoremediation of soils contaminated with high molecular weight PAH, but that further studies were still needed to understand processes involved in its rhizosphere

The entire stretch of the Ohio River is under fish consumption advisories due to contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, natural attenuation and biostimulation of PCBs and microbial communities responsible for PCB transformations were investigated in Ohio River sediments. Natural attenuation of PCBs was negligible in sediments, which was likely attributed to low temperature conditions during most of the year, as well as low amounts of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon. Moreover, surface sediments were relatively oxidized, as indicated by the prevalence of aerobic bacteria such as beta- Proteobacteria, alpha-Proteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Nitrospira in 16S rRNA sediment clone libraries. On the other hand, several reductive dechlorinators were detected in sediments, including Dehalococcoides, Desulfitobacterium spp. which suggested that reductive dechlorination might be possible in sediments under certain biogeochemical conditions. Considerable amounts of PCBs were transformed by reductive dechlorination (80% in 177 days by pattern N) when sediments were maintained under anaerobic conditions, amended with nutrients and organic carbon, and incubated at 25 ºC in lab microcosms. Analysis of 16S rRNA clone libraries from these treatments revealed that Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes were enriched and Proteobacteria were depleted compared to clone libraries from treatment without organic amendments. Reductive dechlorination was decreased in sediments incubated at 10 and 40 ºC, and was not affected by FeSO4 amendments compared to unamended sediments incubated at 25 ºC. Transformations of PCB-153 were investigated in sediments under anaerobic, aerobic and sequential anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Transformations were only observed in treatments with an anaerobic phase, which occurred by reductive dechlorination by pattern N. Neither PCB-153 nor dechlorination products PCB-99 or PCB-47 were transformed under aerobic conditions. Analysis of 16S rRNA clone libraries revealed that Bacteoridetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were enriched under anaerobic conditions and Proteobacteria were enriched under aerobic conditions. Results from this study revealed that natural attenuation and biostimulation were not effective at removing PCBs from Ohio River sediments. Hence, other remediation methods will need to be employed to decrease PCB levels in this ecosystem.

O processo de cicatrização cutânea pode ser favorecido pela aplicação de laser de baixa potência, sendo a matriz de colágeno e elastina um substituto dérmico no tratamento de feridas descrita como um sistema adequado na engenharia tecidual em sistemas tridimensionais da pele. Com este intuito, foi elaborado um estudo utilizando o sistema nanoemulsão contendo cloro alumínio ftalocianina (ClAlPc) como o agente fotossensibilizante em biópsias de explants de pele de pacientes saudáveis irradiadas por luz proveniente de laser de baixa potência, visando estabelecer a melhor dose de luz para a bioestimulação de colágeno tipo I e elastina neste tecido. O sistema de liberação de fármacos foi sintetizado utilizando protocolos já conhecidos, cujas propriedades fotoquímicas e fotofísicas foram confirmadas por espectrofotometria de absorção e fluorescência, além de estudos de estabilidade medindo-se o tamanho das partículas, potencial Zeta e índice de polidispersão. Uma vez caracterizado este sistema e conhecendo-se a sua faixa de absorção, elaborou-se um protocolo para avaliar a ação do fármaco nos principais componentes da matriz extracelular, como colágeno e elastina, e a sua ação combinada com luz laser de baixa potência em três doses conhecidas distintas: 70, 140 e 700 mJ/cm2. Foi avaliada também a ação somente da irradiação sobre as biópsias, nas mesmas doses, podendo-se assim observar os seus efeitos. As estruturas morfológicas da pele foram estudadas por histologia, e posteriormente foram comparadas quantitativamente as porções de colágeno e elastina da pele tratada e irradiada com as amostras do controle, as quais não receberam nenhum tipo de tratamento. Tanto a análise para colágeno tipo I quanto a análise para elastina apontaram um aumento de quase 20% em relação às amostras não tratadas, utilizando a dose intermediária de 140 mJ/cm2 nas amostras tratadas com o fármaco de ftalocianina, durante um período de 14 dias após a irradiação. Este efeito foi bastante significativo, ao ser comparado com a ação somente da irradiação, que apresentou desempenho inferior. Outra técnica explorada neste trabalho e utilizada na detecção da expressão das enzimas MMP-2 e MMP-9, participantes do processo cicatricial, foi a zimografia de gelatina, utilizando o meio de cultivo de cada amostra. As bandas relacionadas à degradação da gelatina para cada amostra no zimograma foram quantificadas e os níveis de expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 comparados. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a análise histológica, apontando um maior nível de expressão dessas enzimas nos grupos tratados com o fármaco fotossensibilizante e luz na dose intermediária (140 mJ/cm2) sendo esta combinação a mais promissora para um estudo mais aprofundado. / Wound healing process can be favored by Low Level Laser Therapy, with the collagen and elastin matrix a dermic substitute described as an appropriate system in tissue engineering and in tridimensional skin systems. With this purpose, a study was elaborated using the system nanoemulsion of aluminium-chloride phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) as photosensitizer in skin biopsies obtained after plastic surgery and irradiated by a low level laser, to establish the most appropriate dose of light for biostimulation of type I collagen and elastin fibers. The drug delivering system was synthesized using a well-known protocol and its photophysical and photochemical properties were confirmed by absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometry, besides stability studies measuring particle size, zeta potential and polidispersion index. Once characterized this system and known its absorption range in the UV-Vis region of light spectrum, a protocol was elaborated for evaluating the effect of the photosensitizer direct into extracellular matrix components, collagen and elastin, and the combined effect with low level laser therapy using three different doses: 70, 140 and 700 mJ/cm2. Also, only the effect of irradiation was evaluated using the same doses. Morphological structures of the skin were analyzed by histology, and portions of collagen and elastin of skin biopsies after the photosensitizer and light treatment were quantified and compared to the non-treated samples. The analysis for type I collagen and elastin pointed an increase of more than 20% compared to the non-treated samples, for the samples treated with the combination phosensitizer/light140 mJ/cm2 after 14 days of treatment. This effect was significant when compared to the effect of the irradiation only. Another technique was used in this work to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, participant enzymes in various processes including tumoral progression and wound healing. Samples of biopsies culture medium were collected and analyzed by gelatin zymography, the bands related to gelatin degradation were quantified and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels compared. The obtained results confirmed histological analysis, pointing a higher expression level of these enzymes for the group treated with the photosensitizer and the intermediate dose of light (140 mJ/cm2), leading to a promising combination of treatment for future studies.

O óleo lubrificante mineral é amplamente utilizado no cenário mundial no funcionamento de máquinas e motores. No entanto, o ciclo de vida deste petro-derivado resulta na geração de um resíduo (óleo lubrificante usado), o qual é nocivo ao meio ambiente quando não descartado adequadamente ou reciclado. No Brasil, apesar das normas que tratam especificamente do armazenamento, recolhimento e destino de óleo lubrificante usado, grande parte do mesmo ainda é despejado diretamente no meio ambiente, sem qualquer tratamento, sendo de grande importância estudos que visem o entendimento dos processos e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de remediação de áreas contaminadas por esse resíduo. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi conduzir estudos de tratabilidade de solo arenoso contaminado experimentalmente com 5% (m m-1 seco) de óleo lubrificante usado, através de duas diferentes estratégias de biorremediação: bioestímulo e bioaumento. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi avaliada a atividade microbiana aeróbia na biodegradação do OLU através do método respirométrico de Bartha. No segundo, foram montados três biorreatores de fase sólida simulando biopilhas estáticas com aeração forçada, cada um contendo 125 kg de solo e 5% (m m-1 seco) de óleo lubrificante automotivo usado, os quais receberam como tratamento: bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade (BIOSca); bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade associado ao bioaumento com a adição de composto maduro (BIOA1ca) ; e bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade associado ao bioaumento com a adição de composto jovem (BIOA2ca). Foram também montados três biorreatores de bancada simulando biopilhas estáticas sem aeração forçada, cada um contendo 3 kg de solo e 5% (m m-1) do mesmo contaminante, sendo que o primeiro continha solo sem contaminação - CONTsa, o segundo, solo contaminado com ajuste de pH BIOSsa e o terceiro, solo contaminado com adição de 0,3% de azida sódica - ABIOsa. Os tratamentos foram avaliados pela remoção de hidrocarbonetos totais de petróleo (HTPs) e após 120 dias de experimento obteve-se remoções de HTPs de 84,75%, 99,99% e 99,99%, com BIOS, BIOA1 e BIOA2, respectivamente, demonstrando que a estratégia de bioestímulo associada ao bioaumento foram promissoras na remediação do solo contaminado pelo óleo lubrificante usado. Os tratamentos que receberam composto (BIOA1 e BIOA2) não apresentaram diferenças quanto à remoção de HTPs, evidenciando que a fase de maturação dos compostos não apresentou influência na eficiência do processo. No entanto, verificou-se uma eficiência nos tratamentos que receberam composto quando comparado ao tratamento sem adição de composto / Lubricating oil is worldwide in machinery and motors. The life-cycle of this petroleum-based product generates a waste, the spent lubricating oil SLO, which is hazardous to the environment when inappropriately disposed. In Brazil, regardless the norms that establish rules for storage, collection, recycling and final disposal of spent-lubricating oil, a large part of it ends up in different environment compartments, causing among others, soil contamination. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies focusing on processes and technology development for remediation of sites contaminated by SLO. The objective of this work was to carry out two experiments of treatability studies for sandy soil contaminated experimentally with 5% (weight/dry weight) of SLO, through two different bioremediation strategies: biostimulation and bioaugmentation. During the first experiment, the aerobic microbial activity in SLO-contaminated soil was assessed through Barthas respirometry (CO2 productino). During the second experiment, three reactors simulating static biopiles with forced (up-flow) aeration received 125 kg of soil contaminated with 5% (w/dw) SLO, which received the following treatments: pH and moisture adjustment-BIOSca; pH and moisture adjustment associated to bioaugmentation through addition of mature compost from urban solid waste-BIOA1ca and pH and moisture adjustment associated to bioaugmentation with non-mature compost-BIOA2ca. Another group of three bench reactors with no forced aeration, each one containing 3 kg of soil also contaminated with 5% (w/dw) of SLO were filled as following: the first received non-contaminated soil-CONTsa; the second received contaminated soil with pH adjustment-BIOSsa; the third one received contaminated soil with addition of 0.3% (w/dry w) of sodium azide-ABIOsa. The treatments were compared based on removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and its fractions. After 120 days, the TPH removal was about 75%, 99.99% and 99.99% in BIOS, BIOA1 and BIOA2 respectively, suggesting that optimization of conditions associated to bioaugmentation were the most promising strategy to treat SLO contaminated soils. The fact that after 120 days BIOA1 e BIOA2 did not present differences regarding TPH removal shows that giving time enough, the degree of the compost maturation does not influence the TPH removal. However, treatments that received compost were more efficient than biostimulation alone

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 803605 bytes, checksum: e8592fe1b32668a421b60b22522cb6d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by micro-organisms in coastal environments is a very interesting strategy for remediation of these compounds. However, microbial degradation is often limited by nutrients avaiability, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. In this work, we compared the effect of addition of water-soluble (urea and KH2PO4) or oleophilic (urea-formaldehyde resin and soy lecithin) nitrogen and phosphorus sources on oil degradation by indigenous micro-organisms and bacteria in consortia in microcosms composed by beach sand contaminated with crude oil. The microcosms were submitted to daily water exchanges representing tides activities. We also analysed the retention capability of both nutrient sources in contaminated sediment. For this, we performed UFC.mL-1 counts and quantification of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water during the experiment. The remaining oil in the sand was extracted with hexane and quantified by spectrophotometry, in which the degradation corresponds to the difference between the initial and final amounts of oil. Water-soluble nutrients have been shown to be gradually washed away during the water exchange and not remained in the sediment for bacterial supply. However, an opposite pattern was verified for oleophilic nutrients, which is a desirable feature for application in environments with intense action of waves and tides. Despite the increased retention of oleophilic nutrients, there were no significant differences in microbial counts between both treatments. In addition, oil degradation occurred mainly in those microcosms supplied with water-soluble nutrients. Although the inoculated micro-organisms are able to use the oleophilic nutrient sources, more detailed studies on the concentration of nutrients to be applied and the availability of nutrients for micro-organisms are necessary in order to maximize the stimulus generated. / A degradação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo por micro-organismos em ambientes costeiros é uma estratégia extremamente interessante de remediação desses compostos enquanto contaminantes ambientais. No entanto, essa biodegradação é frequentemente limitada pela disponibilidade de nutrientes, principalmente nitrogênio e fósforo. Neste trabalho foi comparado o efeito da adição de fontes de nitrogênio e fósforo solúveis em água (uréia e KH2PO4) e oleofílicas (resina uréia-formaldeído e lecitina de soja) sobre a degradação de petróleo cru, em microcosmos de areia de praia, por micro-organismos nativos ou adicionados em consórcios. As fontes de nutrientes foram ainda comparadas quanto a sua retenção no sedimento contaminado após trocas diárias de água. Para isso, realizou-se contagens de UFC.mL-1 e análises da concentração de nitrogênio e de fósforo na água. O óleo remanescente na areia foi extraído com hexano e quantificado por espectrofotometria, sendo a degradação correspondente a diferença entre as quantidades inicial e final de petróleo. Verificou-se que os nutrientes hidrossolúveis não permaneceram no sedimento, mas foram gradativamente lavados pela remoção diária de água. Um comportamento inverso ocorreu para os nutrientes oleofílicos, sendo essa uma característica desejável para sua aplicação em ambientes com intensa ação de ondas e marés. Apesar da maior retenção de nutrientes quando esses são oleofílicos, não se verificou diferenças consideráveis nas contagens microbianas entre os dois tratamentos. Além disso, a degradação do óleo ocorreu principalmente naqueles microcosmos supridos com os nutrientes solúveis em água. Embora os micro-organismos inoculados sejam capazes de utilizar as fontes oleofílicas como nutrientes, estudos mais detalhados da concentração a ser aplicada e da disponibilização desses nutrientes para os micro-organismos são necessários, a fim de se maximizar o estímulo gerado.

Submitted by Ana Carolina Picolo Pasian (ana_781@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-20T19:54:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PARA DESPÓSITO.pdf: 1930882 bytes, checksum: 397a91ec261857e9a2bea286ae3eeb52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-23T13:24:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pasian_acp_me_bot.pdf: 1930882 bytes, checksum: 397a91ec261857e9a2bea286ae3eeb52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T13:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pasian_acp_me_bot.pdf: 1930882 bytes, checksum: 397a91ec261857e9a2bea286ae3eeb52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / A medicina regenerativa é uma área em crescente expansão no Brasil e no mundo, a qual procura ampliar a capacidade natural de regeneração dos tecidos através da utilização de células, fatores de proliferação e biomateriais. Um dos ramos da medicina regenerativa é a terapia celular, vertente que utiliza células-tronco, visando a substituição de tecidos funcionalmente ou estruturalmente lesados, apresentando um caráter terapêutico. Na medicina LASERs e LEDs vem sendo estudados como ferramenta terapêutica, mostrando possuir capacidade bioestimulatória. Este campo é caracterizado por uma variedade de metodologias, que são utilizadas em uma gama considerável de aplicações. Na técnica de fotoestimulação, utiliza-se a luz para ativar moléculas e funções celulares, apresentando o potencial de afetar a proliferação e diferenciação e o metabolismo da célula, estimulando a fosforilação oxidativa e podendo reduzir a resposta inflamatória local. Entretanto para que essa resposta ocorra, inúmeros trabalhos afirmam sobre a importância da seleção de um comprimento de onda ideal, uma vez que a utilização de um comprimento inapropriado pode acarretar em resultados contrários aos esperados, como a bioinibição. Diante destes achados o presente trabalho propôs-se a avaliar a ação do LED 850nm, no regime pulsátil, nas doses de 3, 5 e 10J/cm² na cultura de célula-tronco mesenquimal (CTM) com Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) e com Hormônios derivados de plaquetas (HDP), e na cultura de células de Linfoma linfoblástico tipo B, RAJI Cells na dose de 10J/cm². Em ambos experimentos de exposição a luz, o comprimento de onda 850 nm inibiu a proliferação celular. Na cultura de CTM o LED tornou o desdobramento celular mais lento e acarretou na diminuição da confluência celular, especialmente nas doses de 5 e 10J/cm². Na cultura de linfoma Linfoblástico tipo B, em apenas 1 semana de exposição o mesmo comportamento de bioinibição foi encontrado na dose de 10J/cm². O grupo não tratado apresentou 7,0 X 10 5 células, em média, por frasco enquanto que as células submetidas à irradiação sofreram diminuição do tempo de desdobramento sendo a concentração destas de 4,2X105 , em média, por frasco. / Regenerative medicine is a promising growing area worldwide, with the aim of restore and regenerate tissues and whole organs through the use of cells, proliferation factors and biomaterials. One branch of regenerative medicine is cell therapy, that uses stem cells, aiming at the substitution of functionally or structurally damaged tissues, presenting therapeutic fature. LASERs and LEDs are available as therapeutic tools, showing biostimulating ability. The photo-stimulation technique uses light to activate molecules and cellular functions, presenting potential to affect proliferation, cell differentiation and metabolism, stimulating oxidative phosphorylation and reducing the local inflammatory response. Data shows the importance of selecting an ideal wavelength, such as the use of an inappropriate choice, can lead to undisered results, such as bioinhibition. In the present work, we evaluated the action of LED 850nm, pulsatile, at the doses of 3, 5 and 10J/cm² in mesenchymal stem cells (CTM) with Bovine Fetal Serum (FBS) and with derived platelets – Hormones (HDP) and B-cell lymphoblastic cell culture, 10J /cm2 , RAJI cells. In all light exposure experiments, wavelength of 850 nm inhibited cell proliferation. CTM culture, LED had a low proliferation rate, resulting in a decrease in cellular confluence, especially at 5 and 10J/cm2 . Lymphoblastic lymphoma type B cells, in only one week of exposure presente the same behavior of bioinhibition at 10J/cm2 . The control group had 7.0 x 105 cells on per vial, while cells subjected to irradiation underwent the unfolding time at a concentration of 4.2 x 105 on average per vial.

O óleo lubrificante mineral é amplamente utilizado no cenário mundial no funcionamento de máquinas e motores. No entanto, o ciclo de vida deste petro-derivado resulta na geração de um resíduo (óleo lubrificante usado), o qual é nocivo ao meio ambiente quando não descartado adequadamente ou reciclado. No Brasil, apesar das normas que tratam especificamente do armazenamento, recolhimento e destino de óleo lubrificante usado, grande parte do mesmo ainda é despejado diretamente no meio ambiente, sem qualquer tratamento, sendo de grande importância estudos que visem o entendimento dos processos e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de remediação de áreas contaminadas por esse resíduo. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi conduzir estudos de tratabilidade de solo arenoso contaminado experimentalmente com 5% (m m-1 seco) de óleo lubrificante usado, através de duas diferentes estratégias de biorremediação: bioestímulo e bioaumento. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi avaliada a atividade microbiana aeróbia na biodegradação do OLU através do método respirométrico de Bartha. No segundo, foram montados três biorreatores de fase sólida simulando biopilhas estáticas com aeração forçada, cada um contendo 125 kg de solo e 5% (m m-1 seco) de óleo lubrificante automotivo usado, os quais receberam como tratamento: bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade (BIOSca); bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade associado ao bioaumento com a adição de composto maduro (BIOA1ca) ; e bioestímulo por ajuste de pH e umidade associado ao bioaumento com a adição de composto jovem (BIOA2ca). Foram também montados três biorreatores de bancada simulando biopilhas estáticas sem aeração forçada, cada um contendo 3 kg de solo e 5% (m m-1) do mesmo contaminante, sendo que o primeiro continha solo sem contaminação - CONTsa, o segundo, solo contaminado com ajuste de pH BIOSsa e o terceiro, solo contaminado com adição de 0,3% de azida sódica - ABIOsa. Os tratamentos foram avaliados pela remoção de hidrocarbonetos totais de petróleo (HTPs) e após 120 dias de experimento obteve-se remoções de HTPs de 84,75%, 99,99% e 99,99%, com BIOS, BIOA1 e BIOA2, respectivamente, demonstrando que a estratégia de bioestímulo associada ao bioaumento foram promissoras na remediação do solo contaminado pelo óleo lubrificante usado. Os tratamentos que receberam composto (BIOA1 e BIOA2) não apresentaram diferenças quanto à remoção de HTPs, evidenciando que a fase de maturação dos compostos não apresentou influência na eficiência do processo. No entanto, verificou-se uma eficiência nos tratamentos que receberam composto quando comparado ao tratamento sem adição de composto / Lubricating oil is worldwide in machinery and motors. The life-cycle of this petroleum-based product generates a waste, the spent lubricating oil SLO, which is hazardous to the environment when inappropriately disposed. In Brazil, regardless the norms that establish rules for storage, collection, recycling and final disposal of spent-lubricating oil, a large part of it ends up in different environment compartments, causing among others, soil contamination. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies focusing on processes and technology development for remediation of sites contaminated by SLO. The objective of this work was to carry out two experiments of treatability studies for sandy soil contaminated experimentally with 5% (weight/dry weight) of SLO, through two different bioremediation strategies: biostimulation and bioaugmentation. During the first experiment, the aerobic microbial activity in SLO-contaminated soil was assessed through Barthas respirometry (CO2 productino). During the second experiment, three reactors simulating static biopiles with forced (up-flow) aeration received 125 kg of soil contaminated with 5% (w/dw) SLO, which received the following treatments: pH and moisture adjustment-BIOSca; pH and moisture adjustment associated to bioaugmentation through addition of mature compost from urban solid waste-BIOA1ca and pH and moisture adjustment associated to bioaugmentation with non-mature compost-BIOA2ca. Another group of three bench reactors with no forced aeration, each one containing 3 kg of soil also contaminated with 5% (w/dw) of SLO were filled as following: the first received non-contaminated soil-CONTsa; the second received contaminated soil with pH adjustment-BIOSsa; the third one received contaminated soil with addition of 0.3% (w/dry w) of sodium azide-ABIOsa. The treatments were compared based on removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and its fractions. After 120 days, the TPH removal was about 75%, 99.99% and 99.99% in BIOS, BIOA1 and BIOA2 respectively, suggesting that optimization of conditions associated to bioaugmentation were the most promising strategy to treat SLO contaminated soils. The fact that after 120 days BIOA1 e BIOA2 did not present differences regarding TPH removal shows that giving time enough, the degree of the compost maturation does not influence the TPH removal. However, treatments that received compost were more efficient than biostimulation alone

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-25T12:11:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Luiz Cavalcanti Caldas.pdf: 343939 bytes, checksum: 1af9249e373770cb37beca7e31337a00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T12:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Luiz Cavalcanti Caldas.pdf: 343939 bytes, checksum: 1af9249e373770cb37beca7e31337a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-25 / The aim of this study, divided into two trials, was to evaluate the male effect associated with management strategies on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes raised in a semi-extensive regime. In the first experiment, consisting of three treatments (T1, T2 and T3), was evaluate the effect of the separation distance between male and female, before the breeding season of 45 days, on the reproductive activity of pluriparous ewes (n = 60). They were kept at distances of 3.000 m (T1), 3 m (T2) and 300 m (T3) from the breeders (n = 3) 60 days before of the experiments during both the dry season and the rainy season. In dry season, the first manifestation of estrus averaged at 15.45 ± 10.36 (T1), 9.25 ± 6.41 (T2) and 13.05 ± 10.24 (T3) days. In rainy season, the average was 8.73 ± 5.84 (T1), 9.30 ± 5.62 (T2) and 6.10 ± 5.66 (T3) days. There was no difference in treatment (P > 0.05) during these different climatic conditions. Estrus induction occured in 100% of the females in T1, T2 and T3 in both climatic periods. Estrus synchronization on the first five days of mating season only occured in 20% of the females during dry season, being 30% (T1), 15% (T2) and 15% (T3). In rainy season, synchronisation occured in 40% of females, being 30% (T1), 35% (T2) and 45% (T3), with no differential treatment (P > 0.05) between both climatic periods. The pregnancy percentages in dry and rainy seasons were 85% (T1), 80% (T2) and 75% (T3), with no differential treatment (P > 0.05) between both climatic periods. Prolificacy in dry season was 1.29 (T1), 1.38 (T2) and 1.13 (T3) and in rainy season it was 1.12 (T1), 1.25 (T2) and 1.26 (T3) with no differential treatment (P > 0.05) between rainy and dry seasons. In the second experiment, consisting of three treatments (DT0, DT24, DT48), was evaluate the effect of temporary interrupt of sucking on the reproductive performance of pluriparous ewes (n = 60) with offspring. At DT0 (n = 20), there was no interruption of sucking while at DT24 (n = 20), interrupted of sucking for 24 hours and at DT48 (n = 20), interruption of sucking for 48 hours. Breeders were kept away from the females (n= 60), without visual, odor or hearing contact for 60 days before the breeding season of 45 days during the dry season. Estrous percentages were 90% (DT0), 100% (DT24) and 100% (DT48), with no difference (P > 0.05) among treatments. Estrous synchronization up to the 5th day of mating season was 15% (DT0), 30% (DT24) and 25% (DT48), with no difference among treatments. Pregnancy percentages were 38.4% (DT0), 60.0% (DT24) and 45.0%(DT48) with no difference (P > 0.05) among treatments. Prolificness was 1.43 (DT0), 1.17 (DT24) and 1.22 (DT48), with no difference (P > 0.05) among treatments. The results of the first experiment allow us to conclude that the ram effect can be obtained simply by avoiding physical contact between the breeder and the female as well as that the 45 day mating season can take place in both the rainy and dry season. The data from the second experiment allow us to conclude that temporary weaning is efficient to induce estrous, however is not to synchronize estrous as well as to increase the pregnancy rate and prolificacy of Santa Inês ewes in the breeding season of 45 days during dry period. / O objetivo neste estudo, dividido em dois experimentos, foi avaliar o efeito macho associado a estratégias de manejo sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês criadas em regime semi-extensivo. No primeiro experimento, constituído de três tratamentos (T1, T2 e T3), foi avaliado a influência da distância do afastamento entre macho e fêmea, antes da estação de monta de 45 dias, sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas pluríparas (n = 60). As ovelhas foram afastadas por 3.000 m (T1), 3 m (T2) e 300 m (T3) de distância dos reprodutores (n = 3) 60 dias antes dos experimentos durante os períodos climáticos de seca e chuva. No período seco, o valor médio da primeira manifestação de estro foi de 15,45 ± 10,36 (T1), 9,25 ± 6,41 (T2) e de 13,05 ± 10,24 (T3) dias e no período chuvoso foi de 8,73 ± 5,84 (T1), 9,30 ± 5,62 (T2) e de 6,10 ± 5,66 (T3) dias, não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) dentro e entre tratamentos, bem como entre os diferentes períodos climáticos. A indução do estro ocorreu em 100% das fêmeas no T1, T2 e T3 em ambos os períodos climáticos. A sincronização dos estros nos primeiros cinco dias da estação de monta do período seco ocorreu somente em 20% das fêmeas, sendo de 30% (T1), 15% (T2) e de 15% (T3), não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. No período chuvoso ocorreu em 40% das fêmeas, sendo de 30% (T1), 35% (T2) e de 45% (T3), não existindo diferença (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. A porcentagens de prenhez nos períodos seco e chuvoso foram de 85% (T1), 80% (T2) e de 75% (T3), não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) dentro e entre os tratamentos. A prolificidade no período seco foi de 1,29 (T1), 1,38 (T2) e de 1,13 (T3) e no período chuvoso foi de 1,12 (T1), 1,25 (T2) e de 1,26 (T3), não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos de ambos períodos climáticos. No segundo experimento, constituído de três tratamentos (DT0, DT24, DT48), foi avaliado o efeito do desaleitamento temporário associado ao efeito macho sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas pluríparas (n = 60), com cria ao pé. No DT0 (n = 20), não houve interrupção do aleitamento, no DT24 (n = 20), o aleitamento foi interrompido por 24 horas e no DT48 (n = 20) foi interrompido por 48 horas. As ovelhas (n = 60) foram afastadas dos reprodutores (n = 3) sem contato visual, olfativo e auditivo 60 dias antes do início da estação de monta de 45 dias durante o período de seca. As porcentagens de estro foram de 90% no DT0 e de 100% no DT24 e DT48, não diferindo (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. A sincronização dos estros até o 5o dia da estação de monta foi de 15% (DT0), 30% (DT24) e de 25% (DT48), não havendo diferença entre os tratamentos. As porcentagens de prenhez foram de 38,4% (DT0), 60,0% (DT24) e de 45,0% (DT48), não se constatando diferença (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. A prolificidade foi de 1,43 (DT0), 1,17 (DT24) e de 1,22 (DT48), não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Os resultados do primeiro experimento permitem concluir que o efeito macho pode ser obtido evitando-se apenas o contato táctil entre reprodutor e fêmea, bem como que a estação de monta de 45 dias pode ser realizada tanto no período seco quanto no chuvoso. Com os dados do segundo experimento conclui-se que o desaleitamento temporário é eficiente para induzir o estro, mas não para sincronizá-lo e tampouco para elevar o índice de prenhez e a prolificidade das ovelhas da raça Santa Inês na estação de monta de 45 dias durante o período de seca.