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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

經理人對企業盈餘管理之影響 / Managerial Characteristics and Earnings Management: Evidence from CEO's Birth Date

宋育維 Unknown Date (has links)
Hambrick and Mason (1984)年提出的「高層理論」認為高階管理團隊的人口統計特徵,例如性別、年齡、學歷、工作背景等,能夠反映認知及價值觀等心理特徵,以及團隊內部的溝通和衝突等運作過程;團隊成員不同的人口統計特徵以及這些特徵的作用過程會影響到組織的戰略選擇與績效。隨後越來越多學者著重在研究董事會或高階管理階層的背景、人格特質及心理特質對公司營運績效或盈餘管理的影響。故本研究想要將第三者對經理人之刻板印象,也就是出生日期(星座)作為變數去探討其是否會對公司應計項目盈餘管理及實質盈餘管理有顯著之關係。實證結果發現,經理人出生日期在3月21日至4月19日(牡羊座)、6月22日至7月22日(巨蟹座)、9月23日至10月23日(天秤座)及10月24日11月22日(天蠍座)與公司盈餘管理有顯著之相關性。且經理人之中,牡羊、金牛及射手為前三名所佔比例最高之星座。 / Since the “Upper Echelon Theory” proposed by Hambrick and Mason (1984),more scholars and researchers focus on studying the relationship between backgrounds, characteristics, psychological traits from board members, CEO, top management teams and the performance like earnings management of a company. This study investigates whether the birth date (horoscope) of the managers affects the accruals-based earnings management and real earnings management in a company. Our results indicate that managers born in the interval of 3/21 to 4/19 (Aries), 6/22 to 7/22 (Cancer), 9/23-10/23 (Libra) and 10/24-11/22 (Scorpio) are more likely to conduct manipulation of earnings management.
2

Variation in individual life-history trajectories and its consequence on population dynamics : the case of roe deer

Plard, Floriane 06 March 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Roe deer give birth each year in May. At each reproductive event, a female can be in different reproductive statuses: breeder or non breeder and can wean a variable number of offspring. The successive transitions between the different statuses of a given female give its individual reproductive trajectory. The performance of a given trajectory is assessed by its fitness which can be approximated by the total number of offspring weaned during the trajectory. Different individual life-history trajectories can exist in a same population and these different trajectories can reach similar or different fitness. This suggests that different strategies can be chosen by different individuals to reach the same fitness but also that individuals of high quality can reach higher fitness than individuals of low quality. The study of a roe deer population located in North-Eastern France allowed analyzing the sources and the consequences of individual heterogeneity on individual life-history trajectories and on population dynamics. This work showed that roe deer individual reproductive trajectories are consistent for a given female such as high quality females have an annual reproductive success higher than low-quality females. Female quality is partly generated by birth condition such as birth date and environmental conditions at birth. Individual life-history trajectories vary also randomly in relation to annual environmental conditions. In particular, climate change led to a decline in annual mean reproductive success and a decrease of the population growth rate in the last decades in relation to an increase of the mismatch between vegetation phenology and roe deer birth period. This work discussed how individual heterogeneity is generated in a long-lived species and how it influences individual life-history strategies and population dynamics
3

Variation in individual life-history trajectories and its consequence on population dynamics : the case of roe deer / Variabilité des trajectoires de vie individuelles et ses conséquences sur la dynamique de population : le cas du chevreuil

Plard, Floriane 06 March 2014 (has links)
Le chevreuil met bas chaque année en mai. À chaque évènement de reproduction, une femelle peut être dans différents états : reproducteur ou non reproducteur et elle peut élever un nombre variable de jeunes. La succession des transitions entre ces différents états constitue la trajectoire de reproduction d’un individu tout au long de sa vie. Chaque trajectoire est donc individuelle et la valeur de cette trajectoire une fois terminée est appréciée par sa valeur sélective qui peut être estimée comme le nombre de petits élevés au cours de la vie d’un individu. Différentes trajectoires individuelles peuvent exister au sein d’une même population et conduire à des valeurs sélectives similaires ou différentes montrant que différentes stratégies sont possibles pour atteindre la même valeur sélective mais aussi que certains individus de meilleure qualité peuvent atteindre une valeur sélective plus élevée que des individus de moins bonne qualité. L’étude d’une population de chevreuil située dans le Nord-Est de la France a permis d’étudier les sources et les conséquences de cette hétérogénéité individuelle sur les trajectoires d’histoire de vie individuelles et sur la dynamique de cette population. Ce travail de thèse a montré que chez le chevreuil, une trajectoire reproductive individuelle est en partie homogène et que les femelles de bonne qualité ont un succès annuel constant et plus marqué que les femelles de mauvaise qualité. La qualité de ces femelles est influencée par les conditions à la naissance comme la date de naissance et les conditions environnementales au cours de leur développement. Les trajectoires individuelles varient également aléatoirement en fonction des conditions environnementales annuelles. Ces dernières décennies, le changement climatique a donné naissance à un mismatch grandissant entre la période des mise-bas du chevreuil et la disponibilité en ressources qui a provoqué une diminution du succès reproducteur et de la croissance de la population. Ce travail a permis de discuter comment l’hétérogénéité individuelle est générée chez une espèce longévive et comment elle influence les stratégies démographiques et la dynamique de cette population / Roe deer give birth each year in May. At each reproductive event, a female can be in different reproductive statuses: breeder or non breeder and can wean a variable number of offspring. The successive transitions between the different statuses of a given female give its individual reproductive trajectory. The performance of a given trajectory is assessed by its fitness which can be approximated by the total number of offspring weaned during the trajectory. Different individual life-history trajectories can exist in a same population and these different trajectories can reach similar or different fitness. This suggests that different strategies can be chosen by different individuals to reach the same fitness but also that individuals of high quality can reach higher fitness than individuals of low quality. The study of a roe deer population located in North-Eastern France allowed analyzing the sources and the consequences of individual heterogeneity on individual life-history trajectories and on population dynamics. This work showed that roe deer individual reproductive trajectories are consistent for a given female such as high quality females have an annual reproductive success higher than low-quality females. Female quality is partly generated by birth condition such as birth date and environmental conditions at birth. Individual life-history trajectories vary also randomly in relation to annual environmental conditions. In particular, climate change led to a decline in annual mean reproductive success and a decrease of the population growth rate in the last decades in relation to an increase of the mismatch between vegetation phenology and roe deer birth period. This work discussed how individual heterogeneity is generated in a long-lived species and how it influences individual life-history strategies and population dynamics

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