Emotional material is better remembered than neutral material and some suggest this is reflected in different Event Related potentials (ERPs) to affective stimuli by valence. Inconsistent results may be due to individual differences, specifically the behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) motivational system. This study sought to examine the relationship between motivational systems, emotional memory, and psychophysiological response to emotional pictures. While using EEG recording, subjects were shown 150 affective pictures and given a recall and yes/no recognition task after a 20 and 30-minute delay, respectively. Overall, differences were found by valence, but not consistently based on individual trait. Controlling for arousal and mood, results did not support previous research that suggested high BIS was more responsive to negative pictures while higher BAS was more responsive to positive images. The role of ERP methodology and arousal are discussed, along with future directions.

Valoramos los requerimientos de tiopental e isoflurano durante la anestesia combinada EPI/GRAL, utilizando la presión arterial media (PAM) y el índice biespectral (BIS) como indicadores de la profundidad anestésica. Sesenta pacientes que precisaron cirugía de colon fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en seis grupos de estudio según: a) tratamiento epidural recibido: bolo e infusión de suero fisiológico o bupivacaina al 0,0625% + fentanilo 2 mg/ml o bupivacaina al 0,125% + fentanilo 2 mg/ml y b) tipo de monitorización:(PAM-BIS).Los requerimientos de tiopental durante la inducción no se modificaron con los distintos tratamientos. La similitud en los requerimientos de isoflurano evaluados por PAM o por BIS permitió agrupar los pacientes sólo por tratamiento recibido. Así, los grupos que recibieron bupivacaina al 0,0625% y al 0,125% asociados con fentanilo consiguieron reducir el consumo de isoflurano un 35% (no hubo diferencias entre los grupos de bupivacaina) en relación a los grupos salinos, A la hora de evaluar los requerimientos de isoflurano mediante PAM o BIS fue posible establecer un coeficiente de correlación de 0,935. Por otra parte, evaluamos la correlación PAM y BIS en cada grupo de estudio, obteniéndose como resultado un coeficiente > 0,847 en todos los grupos. La administración de bajas concentraciones de bupivacaina asociadas a fentanilo reduce los requerimientos de isoflurano. La PAM y el BIS son indicadores válidos para evaluar la analgesia y la hipnosis durante la anestesia combinada.

No description available.

Det ansågs intressant att se om det förelåg någon skillnad vad gällande motivation mellan arbetslösa och de med en tillsvidareanställning, då arbetslöshet bland annat kan påverka en individs motivation, självkänsla och identitet. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning med frågor som avsåg att mäta människors känslighet för belöning och deras känslighet för bestraffning (BIS/BAS-skalan, se Carver & White, 1994). Enkäten delades ut på en arbetsförmedling och en arbetsmarknadsenhet för att nå personer utan arbete. Dessa personer matchades sedan mot individer med en tillsvidareanställning. Resultatet visade på att det fanns en skillnad mellan arbetslösa och de med en tillsvidareanställning gällande känslighet för belönande händelser och positiva reaktioner. Dock fanns ingen skillnad mellan grupperna gällande de andra motivationsfaktorerna som mättes. Dessa faktorer innebar strävan att nå uppsatta mål, önskan om ny belöning och undvikande av bestraffning. / It was considered interesting to see if there were any differences in current motivation between the unemployed and those with permanent employment when science shows that unemployment may affect an individual negatively. The study was conducted as a questionnaire that sought to measure people's sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment (BIS/BAS scale, see Carver & White, 1994). The questionnaire was distributed in Arbetsförmedlingen and Arbetsmarknadsenheten to reach people without work. These individuals were then matched against individuals with a permanent employment. The result showed that there was a difference between the unemployed and those with a permanent employment in sensitivity to rewarding events and positive reactions. However, there were no differences between groups regarding the other motivational factors that were measured. These factors were striving to reach their goals, desire for new rewards and avoidance of punishment.

Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-10-07T11:26:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1381844 bytes, checksum: f37c2685480834a1dd06580f7461ed33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T11:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1381844 bytes, checksum: f37c2685480834a1dd06580f7461ed33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A lagarta da soja, Anticarsia gemmatalis, por ser considerada uma das principais pragas da cultura da soja, tem sido alvo de estudos visando a busca de alternativas para o seu controle. A utilização de inibidores de proteases (IPs) como alternativa para o controle de pragas tem sido amplamente estudada. Sabe-se que uma rota de defesa vegetal, talvez a mais conhecida, é denominada rota octadecanóide (ou via das lipoxigenases), a qual culmina com a produção do ácido jasmônico: um hormônio vegetal que ativa genes que expressam inibidores de proteases, tidos como agentes anti-metabólicos, pois levam os insetos a uma deficiência protéica. Os IPs atuam no intestino médio dos herbívoros, inibindo a ação das proteases sobre as proteínas provindas da alimentação, havendo, portanto, uma redução na disponibilidade de aminoácidos ao inseto, podendo resultar no atraso do crescimento e reprodução desses herbívoros e, consequentemente, na sua morte. Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a capacidade da planta da soja de responder ao ataque de A. gemmatalis através da via das lipoxigenases e as respostas bioquímica, comportamental e fisiológica da lagarta da soja a concentrações crescentes do inibidor sintético de serino-proteases, berenil. Para tal, as lagartas foram alimentadas com plantas de soja da variedade IAC-PL-1, pulverizadas com berenil nas doses 0,0; 0,008; 0,01; 0,20; 0,60; e 1,0% (p/v ) e com plantas de soja das variedades IAC-18, IAC-24 e FOSCARIN-31 contendo 0,0; 0,60; e 1,0% (p/v) de berenil. Nas quatro cultivares testadas, observou-se que após o ataque da lagarta da soja ocorreu um aumento no pool de lipoxigenases nas folhas, o que levou a uma alta produção de inibidores de protease. Nas lagartas que foram alimentadas com plantas da variedade IAC-PL-1, observou-se interferência de berenil na resposta comportamental desses insetos, que tiveram preferência por plantas que não receberam pulverizações com o inibidor, o mesmo não sendo observado para as mariposas com relação à preferência para oviposição. Com relação ao desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, ocorreu uma redução significativa no ganho de peso. Foi observada também uma significativa redução na sobrevivência e no tempo de vida das larvas alimentadas com as maiores doses do inibidor. Além disso, houve inibição das atividades proteolítica e tríptica do intestino das lagartas nas quatro cultivares de soja. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a utilização de berenil é uma estratégia promissora para o controle da lagarta da soja e possivelmente de outros insetos-praga que tenham a tripsina como principal enzima digestiva. / The caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, for being considered a pest of soybean, has been the target of studies aimed at finding alternatives to its control. The use of protease inhibitors (PIs) as an alternative for pest control has been widely studied. It is known that a plant defense route, perhaps the best known is called octadecanóide route (or lipoxygenase pathway), which culminates with the production of jasmonic acid: a plant hormone that activates genes expressing protease inhibitor, taken as anti-metabolic agents, since they bring the insects to a protein deficiency. IPs work in the midgut of herbivores, inhibiting the action of proteases on proteins originated from food, therefore there is a reduction in the availability of amino acids to the insect, which can result in delayed growth and reproduction of herbivores and hence in its death. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the soybean plant to respond to the attack of A. gemmatalis through the lipoxygenase pathway and biochemical responses, behavioral and physiological soybean caterpillar to increasing concentrations of synthetic inhibitor of serine proteases, berenil. To this end, the larvae were fed with soybean variety IAC PL-1, treated with berenil doses 0.0, 0.008, 0.01, 0.20, 0.60, and 1.0% (w/v) and the soybean variety IAC-18, IAC-24 and Foscarin-31 containing 0.0, 0.60, and 1.0% (w/v) of berenil. In the four cultivars tested, it was observed that after the attack of soybean caterpillar was an increase in the pool of lipoxygenase in the leaves leading to a high production of protease inhibitors. In the caterpillars that were fed on plants of the variety IAC PAL-1, there was interference from berenil behavioral response of these insects, which had no preference for plants that received the inhibitor sprays, but these were not observed for moths in relation to oviposition preference. Regarding the post-embryonic development, there was a significant reduction in weight gain. There was also a significant reduction in the survival and life span of larvae fed the highest doses of the inhibitor. Furthermore, there was inhibition of the proteolytic and tryptic activities of the gut of caterpillars in the four cultivars. The results indicate that the use of berenil is a promising strategy for control of soybean caterpillar and possibly other insect pests that have the main digestive enzyme trypsin. / Tese importada do Alexandria

The purpose of the current study is to measure whether delay discounting and impulsivity will differentiate between smokers and non-smokers. It is important to extend upon previous research to understand the effects of antecedent control of delay discounting and impulsivity. Research on this subject is important in developing effective interventions for impulsive behavior like smoking cigarettes. Two surveys were provided to participants: The Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ-27) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). An unpaired t test was used to interpret results. Neither the MCQ-11 nor the BIS-11 had a significant difference. Further analysis was conducted comparing age differences using unpaired and paired t tests. There was significant data to support that self-ratings of impulsive behavior differed with age comparisons in the BIS-11. Smokers (ages 26-28) were more impulsive than non-smokers (ages 22-28), and smokers (ages 20-29) showed no statistical significance when compared to smokers (ages 52-68). The MCQ-27 did not show a significant difference in overt impulsive behavior.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual differences related to startle modification and explore the relationship of the trait-like physiological variables and startle modification. The study creatively calculated standardized startle scores and treated personality variables as continuous variable. The results showed that specific contents of the affective pictures had different effects of startle modification. Personality variables influence the startle modification in emotion conditions differently. Cardiac activities were related to raw startle magnitude but not to startle modification. The results have suggested that there are the influences of individual differences in attention and effortful control on startle modification and attention and that emotion and attention interact with each other in startle modification. The study filled gaps in the research on startle modification and personality and guided future studies of this topic. / Master of Science

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.