The conventional picture of Bishop Bonner as the 'butcherly beast" of the Marian persecutions has never been seriously investigated. Discussion of the problems of his family and his education, together with a study of his service in Wolsey's household and his relationship with Thomas Cromwell form the first part of this thesis. Bonner's diplomatic career as Henry VIII's ambassador in Rome, Germany, France and Spain between 1532 and 1543 as well as his government service in England between 1535 and 1541 are next considered. The diocesan financial structure and Bonner's policy in clerical appointments have been analyzed for both halves of his episcopate, the nature of the sources rendering it necessary to consider his episcopal administration as a whole. Finally the development of Bonner's theological views up to 1549 and the story of his trial in that year complete this study. Bonner's was a complex personality, quarrelsome and rude, yet probably obsequious and time-serving. He was certainly ambitious and clever, but he seems to have lacked both statesmanship and judgment. This is the picture of him as he was before he participated in the storms of the Marian Counter-Reformation. Much of the material for this thesis has been taken from the State Papers. There are, however, three other main manuscript sources which have been used. The Lechmere papers in the Worcestershire Record Office throw some light on Bonner's early youth and the volume of hiB despatches in the Yelverton collection in the British Museum revealS his activity in the winter of 1535-1536. The account books of the Bishop of London's Receiver-General for 1526-1521 and 1561-1568 in the Guildhall Library and the account rolls for 1549-1550 and 1555-1556 in the Public Record Office provide the basis for the analysis of the Bishop's diocesan administration.

This dissertation explores the medieval bishop's deployment of power in thirteenth-century Provence, arguing that control of a diocese required the efficient use of both sacred and temporal power. Although a bishop's authority derived from his ordained status (potestas ordinis) and his administrative status (potestas jurisdictionis), regarding these categories as mutually exclusive obscures the nature of episcopal power as a flexible, dynamic force. This project considers a bishop's activity in terms of new local/universal categories rather than across a traditional spiritual/temporal divide. Such an approach provides a clearer understanding of the manner in which both spiritual and temporal powers operated in tandem in the bishop's diocesan and international milieux. The case study of the Italian canon lawyer and papal legate Zoen Tencarari (c. 1200-61), who served as bishop of Avignon from 1241-61, reveals concrete mechanisms by which a medieval bishop centralized ecclesiastical power. In the century between the Albigensian crusade (1209-29) and the relocation of the papal curia there (1309-78), Avignon supported the pope's long-term adversary, the Holy Roman Emperor. As a foreigner educated in the pro-papal university of Bologna, Zoen used his experience with thirteenth-century debates on spiritual and secular power to shape his attack on imperial claims on Provence. On the frontier between imperial and French land, Avignon was a contested space that can be recreated, read, and analyzed through digital mapping. Space is a forum for power display: on the local level, Bishop Zoen centralized his power by laying claim to border towns and holy sites, while on the universal level, his itinerant episcopacy and attendance at councils ensured his influence over Provence more broadly. Mapping Zoen's movement in and domination over the urban and rural topographies of Avignon illuminates the bishop's carefully attuned use of spiritual and temporal powers in local and universal arenas. By tracking Zoen's activity in Provence, this study emphasizes both the singularity and the universality of a medieval bishop's experience, which, though part of a Church-wide bureaucracy bound by tradition and legal precedent, was nonetheless rooted in local events and contingent upon the personal skill set of the prelate. / 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la puntuación Bishop que predice el parto vaginal en nulíparas inducidas con oxitocina de 41 y 42 semanas de gestación, atendidas en el Hospital Docente Madre Niño “San Bartolomé” – 2014. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo correlacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal. Para el estudio se trabajó con el total de gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Docente Madre Niño “San Bartolomé” de enero a diciembre del 2014, lo cual fue de 152 pacientes. Los datos se registraron en el programa Statistics SPSS v.21. Para el análisis descriptivo de las variables cuantitativas se estimó medidas de tendencia central (media) y medidas de dispersión (desviación estándar) y para el análisis de variables cualitativas (nominal) se estimó frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes (frecuencias relativas). Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron pruebas paramétricas (T* Student) y no paramétricas (Chi cuadrado). Asimismo para obtener el punto de corte de mayor rendimiento se elaboró la curva ROC. RESULTADOS: El 55.9% de la población gestante con 41 y 42 semanas de gestación finalizó en cesárea y el 44.1% culminó por parto vaginal. La duración promedio de la fase latente en el grupo de gestantes que finalizó en parto vaginal con puntuación Bishop >= a 7 puntos fue 8.35 horas y en el grupo de gestantes con puntuación Bishop < 7 puntos fue 4.88 horas. La duración de la fase activa promedio en las gestantes con puntuación Bishop >= 7 fue 5.73 horas similar a la duración de la fase activa promedio en las gestantes con puntuación Bishop < 7 puntos (4.84 horas). La duración promedio del expulsivo en las gestantes del primer grupo con puntuación Bishop >= 7 puntos fue 19.86 minutos y en el grupo con puntuación Bishop < 7 puntos fue 15.54 minutos. Según puntuación Bishop >= 7, el 67.2% culminaron en parto vaginal y 60% de las gestantes finalizó en cesárea. Asimismo, en el grupo de gestantes con puntuación Bishop < 7, el 32.8% de las gestantes finalizaron por parto vaginal a diferencia del 40% de gestantes que culminaron por cesárea. La estimación de los valores diagnósticos para los puntos de corte de la puntuación Bishop 7 en la predicción del tipo de parto son: sensibilidad 67%, especificidad 40%, VPP 47% y VPN 61%. Se Evaluó el área bajo la curva (AUC) el cual fue 0.601, planteándose que el puntaje Bishop es un test diagnóstico, aceptable para predecir el parto vaginal, estimándose un nuevo punto de corte de 6 con una sensibilidad de 70% y la especificidad de 40%. Al evaluar con puntuación Bishop >= 6 puntos, el 100% culminaron en parto vaginal y 71.4% de las gestantes finalizó en cesárea. Asimismo, en el grupo de gestantes con puntuación Bishop < 6 puntos, el 28.6% de las gestantes finalizaron por parto cesárea, observándose que existe relación significativa entre la puntuación Bishop >= 6 puntos y la culminación por parto vaginal. CONCLUSIÓN: La puntuación Bishop con mayor rendimiento diagnóstico para la predicción del parto vaginal en nulíparas inducidas con oxitocina de 41 y 42 semanas de gestación, fue 6 con una sensibilidad de 70% y especificidad del 40%. / Tesis

In his three major polemical campaigns, that is, against the Manichees, Donatists and Pelagians, Augustine used imagery derived from medicine and was, in tum influenced by the language he used. While much of the language of sickness and disease remained conventional, some usages came to bear significant theological weight, notably infirmitas and contagio. The former became a designation for the culpable weakness affecting each member of the human race since the Fall. The latter became a technical term for the transmission of original sin associated with concupiscentia. Sickness imagery assumes the analogy of the soul and body, advancing his project to integrate the two parts of the human person. It also enabled him to discuss humanity's fallen nature without slipping into Manichaean determinism or Pelagian autonomy. Finally, sickness imagery enabled Augustine to suspend the tension between the inherited guilt and free-will in readily accessible metaphor. Images of health and healing also helped Augustine sustain tensions in his thought. But even more significantly, the image of Christ the Physician proved critical throughout his polemical career. Against the Manichees it is the Divine Physician who lays out the stages of sacred history according to a great therapeutic strategy for the human race. Against the Donatists it is the wisdom of the Physician who prescribes painful means of cure which is urged against Donatist complaints of persecution. Finally, against the Pelagians, Christus Medicus becomes a technical soteriological term. This family of metaphors, drawn from the Scriptures, classical literature, pagan religion and common experience appear time and time again. While they may have become commonplace in the writings of other Christian authors, in Augustine's polemical theology they came to shape and inform key aspects of his thought.

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Like so many others before me, I have been drawn to the study of private letters. Time-bound, often highly stylized, yet they always remain personal writings, uncannily capturing our interest. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62). Also available on the Internet.