No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The goal of this effort was to write the definitive history of a high school for Blacks in Nansemond County. The destruction of school records in the fires that eventually led to the closing of the school made that task difficult. While attempting the historical research, however, two factors were found which still make the effort worthwhile. First, there was a definite sense of pride found in all who had been associated with the Nansemond Collegiate Institute. This pride gave one the sense that attending Nansemond Collegiate Institute was almost as much an expression of freedom as it was an effort to secure an education. The second factor was the determination of the need for Nansemond Collegiate Institute based on the disparities in services offered to Blacks when compared to Whites in the public school setting. Public education in Suffolk and Nansemond County, Virginia had its beginnings in 1871 when the first school boards were appointed for those localities. Nineteen years later, there still existed no secondary educational opportunities for the Blacks of Nansemond County. In order to address this lack, Blacks in the county pooled their resources and started their own school, Nansemond Collegiate Institute. Founded in 1890, Nansemond Collegiate Institute provided for the elementary and secondary educational needs of Black youth in Nansemond County, Virginia for nearly fifty years. This school was a case study of local control and self-help. The school maintained a classical educational curriculum during the time when the Hampton Industrial Education model was being touted as the preferred model of education for Blacks. Under the leadership of five principals, four of whom were ministers, the Institute demonstrated the power of a community to control its own destiny. The Institute's supporters raised the funds needed to establish and run the school. It struggled for many years with funding and curriculum issues. The school's last principal, Mr. William Huskerson, arrived in 1926. He made several advances in terms of funding and building. His tenure, however, began just one year before the county established its first public high school for Blacks. This competition and a series of "suspicious" fires ultimately led to the close of the Nansemond Collegiate Institute. This closing did not occur before the Institute had opened possibilities for many Blacks who might not otherwise have had varied career choices. By having existed, Nansemond Collegiate Institute had a lasting impact on the lives of many Blacks of Nansemond County. / Ed. D.

Thèse (M.Ed.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. / Bibliogr.: f. 125-134. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

The principal objectives of this empirical study were to test the hypothesis that eduction is a major determinant of people's earnings differentials and to calculate private and social rates of return to education of blacks in South Africa excluding Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei. Basically, the data for working men and women used in the study were extracted from the 1985 current Population survey files comprising a sample representative of the black population. Lifetime earnings profiles are constructed from these data for five educational levels, namely, no schooling up to standard 1, standards 2 to 4, standards 5 to 7, standards 8 to 9 and standard 10. Schooling is assumed to account for 60% of the income differentials between these profiles, after adjustment for the differing probabilities of finding work of persons in specific age-education groups. Imputed average household outlays on schooling are taken as the private direct cost of education supplemented by estimates of per pupil spending by the various government departments responsible for black schooling for calculation of the social costs per year of primary and secondary schooling. Indirect cost in the form of imputed foregone earnings are included from standard 5 (age 15) onwards. The resulting private internal rates of return to education of males are about 16% at primary level and 24% for secondary schooling. Corresponding social rates of return are about 6% for primary and 15% for secondary education. The estimates for females indicate that between no schooling and standards 2 to 4 level, the private and social rates of return are -1% and -4% respectively, from standards 2 to 4 to standards 5 to 7 level, private returns of 12% and social returns of 4% are reported and for the remaining secondary school phases private returns of 32% and social returns of 15% are estimated. It is implied that black education is receiving minimal government financial assistance compared to those of the other population groups. The evidence of the results of the study indicates that; besides education, marital status, locational, regional and occupational variables also influence earnings differentials, the governments responsible for black education should emphasize human capital investment in relation to physical capital investment, on average more educated persons are better off than the less educated ones and with the exception of female early primary schooling, generally, it is worthwhile for an individual to undertake a certain educational programme investment

Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand / AC 2018

M.A. (Anthropology) / The life conditions of the members of the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa in the rural settlement in Gazankulu are determined by a combination of processes, related to various historic events. Political and economic aims of the government formulated in a policy of separate development, led to the formation of the Gazankulu 'homeland'. The Dutch Reformed Church supported the ideology of the government and applied the same dividing principles in its missionary work. These principles contributed to the limited extend to which the missionary understood the conditions of their church members. Their efforts to address these conditions instead perpetuated the very conditions. Characteristic of the daily life of the church members was the focus of the daily activities on basic needs. The availability of and access to resources dominated these activities. The scarcity of these resources created an atmosphere of competition in the settlement which often manifested in confrontation and conflict. Life in the settlement was dominated by economic processes and social life also often had economic meaning. In spite of the daily hardships, the inhabitants were socially accommodating. The mission was not able to address these realities through their social responsibility projects. Membership of the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa had meaning in as far as the church could contribute to the satisfaction of their daily needs. Church membership in the settlement served as a means to strengthen kinship ties which were fading away in a competitive environment

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1937 A31

The introduction of black economic empowerment legislation marked an important milestone for the economic development of black people. The ANC led government has managed to achieve a shift in the political landscape of South Africa in the 16 years of its rule. However, it remains to be seen if·the country would follow the intended changes towards economic development. The political achievement of the forces of change set in motion unto date could be easily reversed if economic parity is not achieved in a constructive manner supported by the will of the nation as guided by the current South African constitution. The government in its formative years made it its goal to pursue equity and wealth redistribution with the hope of growing the economy. These goals have been difficult to achieve, thus challenging the government of the day in its attempt to eradicate poverty and create a sustainable economy. The government approach to local economic development has mainly been centered on the establishment of small businesses that would hopefully provide employment to a greater part of the population. With the development of small businesses the Asgisa objective of 6% growth would be attained. Generally, the redistribution of of wealth has been a contentious issue, sparking controversies from both the proponent and detractors of BEE alike. There have been mixed reactions towards the implementation of BEE. Some critics regard BEE as a way to benefit mainly connected individuals rather than the mass of the previously disadvantaged. On the other hand, South Africa's corporate sector continues to be dominated, managed and owned by the minority whites. As a whole, whilst affirmative action has progressed, imbalances still exist in that women appear to be still disadvantaged in certain sectors of organisations regarding management positions and shareholding within companies. Although Black Economic Empowerment tends to increasingly lead to white economic disempowerment (primarily white males). it nevertheless remains evident that for black~ to enter into business is still marred with problems. It is apparent from the critics that not only blacks are affected, also whites need some kind of relief from deprivation; this would avert the next generation of poor whites. The research results reveal some of the effects which BEE has on the growth of small businesses and on black people in general. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011