Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand. March 1994. / This research examines the way in which the ideology of difference is reflected in visual images of black people in Britain in the nineteenth century, Concepts of tlie 'other' ar~iocated within specific contemporary socie-celnnal and political contexts. Historically, this was an important period in which theories of human difference proliferated, and which in turn informed diverse and often contradictory social practices. The white English behavioUl' towards, and perspective of, black people in England had a direct bearing not only on life in Britain, but in the colonies as well. The images produced in England were critical to the colonial enterprise. They infomlt:al Briti~h attitudes to Africa and the Empire more generally. Implicit in the analysis of the images is an evaluation of the emergflllce of hegemonic ideas, and the manipulation of power by the ruling class. The beliefs and trends of a society are reflected in its visual arts. The methodology employed aims to bring together analyses of the production of visual representations within a broad chronological and thematic framework, so as to assess the social production of meaning in the images. To do this it is necessary to verify the presence of black people as residents in England. Chapter one addresses this issue as well as determines to what extent the notion of blackness was integral to an early formation of a black !~~creotype. Some of the implications of British participation in the slave trade are also censldered, Images of slaves which are the main focus of chapter two, demonstrate seclo-eultural attitudes of early nlneteanth-centurv English people. Chapter three examines the rise of science and systematic knowlaJge which fed to both technical and popular theorising about racial difference. The congruence between scientific and popular understandings led to the emergence of notions of 'types' and hierarchies of people, which were to dominate ideas and attitudes for decades. Concurrent with the rise of science was the growth of a popular image of a stereotyped blar.k 'other', Chapter four evaluates the. processes through which these images were disseminated in a fast growing popular culture. The inequalities ()f power relations within English society, as manifest in the images, are analyzed. Chapter five considers the ways in which the white male producers of images perceived black women. The contradictions and ambiguities of the visual systems in this chapter point to the complexities of cultural practice, and of artists and producers' particular views on blackness and femaleness. The conclusion summarises the lIIIay in which the coneept of an 'other' has been used in this dissertation. / MT2017

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / This study explored the socio-political capacity and agency of the professional Black middle class (BMC). It examined how Black professionals construct their professional and socio-political identities and the relationships therein. It finds that for the Black middle class race is a stronger identity marker than class, which affects its support and attitudes towards the African National Congress. Race, residence, intra-racial inequality function as the factors through which the BMC rejects a middle class identity. At the same time, education, income and affordability form the variables of middle class location for many of the BMC members. The rejection of a middle class identity enables it to maintain class unity with the poor and working class. In this way, the study found that these were the major markers of identity for the middle class. This study also found that while the apartheid-times BMC support for the liberation movement and the ANC was never unanimous or unambiguous, in the post-1994 era the ANC has consolidated BMC support. However, 20 years into democracy, this support is beginning to fragment. The primary reasons are the politicisation of state resources and workplaces, and widespread unfettered corruption. Second, the study finds that the need to consolidate middle class position, Black tax and debt sustains the BMC’s support for the ANC. The BMC support for the ANC is instrumental and sustained by its precarious class position of asset deficit, Black tax and debt. More crucially the perpetuation of racial economic exclusion or the floating colour bar, particularly within the corporate sector reinforces its support for the ANC – as it seeks this government party to improve the socio-economic conditions in the country. This suggests the socio-political character of the upper and middle class is maturing, much more complicated and consolidating democracy in particular ways to the South African political economy. It follows the Rueschmereyian analysis of political character of the BMC. / MT2016

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, 1994.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1981.

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1991.

This thesis examines the management of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) policy by the provincial government of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Several authors have analyzed the policy on B-BBEE in South Africa, mainly focusing on the impact of the policy on the ‘actors’, and the ethical implications of the policy, but no research has been done on its policy implementation and management, particularly in the public service in South Africa. The central aim of this thesis is to investigate the organizational complexities surrounding how the policy on B-BBEE is managed by the provincial government of KwaZulu-Natal. The study focuses on the three KwaZulu-Natal technical clusters: the economic sectors and infrastructure development, governance and administration, and the social protection, community & human development cluster. The thesis identifies various government departments in each cluster to examine how the policy on B-BBEE is managed. The investigation revealed that government has been successful in implementing some aspects of B-BBEE policy as the majority of blacks were holding key strategic positions within the provincial government. However, the provincial government was grappling with serious management challenges. This thesis explores instruments for policy management, that is, policy coordination, organizational transformation, organizational hierarchy, and policy communication. The results showed that much as the provincial government has been able to open up opportunities for black people there is still a long way to go in terms of transforming policy management structures, functions, processes, norms, values, procedures, organizational culture, and organizational decision-making in improving policy management. The study revealed that various government structures, functions, processes, procedures, norms, values and organizational culture are incompatible with B-BBEE policy objectives. Government decision-making is hierarchical which obstructs the management of B-BBEE policy implementation. Furthermore, B-BBEE policy is still yet to be institutionalized by most government organizations in the province. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

The market value of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) companies listed on the JSE Securities Exchange (JSE) has fallen to only 2% of the overall market capitalisation of the JSE. Many BEE companies have disappeared from the exchange and there have been many failures.<br /> <br /> In the context of the report of the BEE Commission (BEE Com), it is essential to understand why these failures have occurred and it is essential to research methods of structure, capitalisation and listings to ensure that ownership of the economy is fairly distributed in future as per the recommendations of the BEE Comm. The motivation for this research project is based on the fact that as a member of the Historically Disadvantaged Group in this country, and after having qualified in the Faculty of Law with a commercial background, I would like to attempt to make a meaningful contribution to the transformation that should take place to facilitate equality of ownership of the economy.<br /> <br /> The proposed research is critically important as the recommendations of the Commission have to be implemented as a matter of urgency, given the current slow growth rate of the economy and given the fact that as many more new enterprises could be listed on the JSE, it would provide further access to jobs, thereby positively impacting on the unemployment situation thereby contributing to poverty relief.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Thomas Bailey. Dissertation Committee: Francisco Rivera-Batiz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-212).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-232). Also available on the Internet.

In this study the psychological phenomenon of learned helplessness is investigated to determine its significance as a characteristic of members of progressive co-operatives within the South African context . Most of the members of these co-operatives are black South Africans. It is argued that because of the country's racial policy, many of the members have become accustomed to a passive response to events in their lives and this gives rise to their failure to utilise the freedom and opportunities of the co-operative structure. The researcher hypothesises that this passive response could be explained in terms of a high level of learned helplessness among co-operative members. Two hypotheses are investigated in this study: Hypothesis 1: Passive co-operative members will have higher levels of learned helplessness than active members. Hypothesis 2:The level of learned helplessness decreases as the length of co-operative members involvement increases. Data collection for this study was carried out by combining a personal interview and a standardised questionnaire (the Attributional Style Questionnaire). To distinguish between the passive and active members, a Participation Index was constructed. The ASQ was translated into Xhosa, adapted for the sample and two translators were employed to conduct the interviews in Xhosa . The sample consisted of 50 black South Africans, many with limited education and was drawn from six co-operatives in the Eastern Cape. No significant differences were found between the active and passive groups in terms of their levels of learned helplessness. Furthermore, the length of involvement in the co-operative had no effect on the level of learned helplessness. No support was found therefore for Hypothesis l and 2 . A significant difference, however, was found between active and passive members and the number of months of involvement. This suggests that the length of involvement has an effect on how active members will be in the co-operative . The results of this study indicate that generally the sample does not suffer from learned helplessness . It is argued that Hypothesis 2 is not supported due to confounding variables. The study raises many doubts as to the reliability of the ASQ and the Participation Index used in the study.