Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 443-456).

As the title of this thesis indicates, the researcher was concerned at the high failure rate in the Standard 10 history examinations in the Alice circuit. This problem is confined neither to history as a subject nor to a single area in the Ciskei.

Orientador: Célia Regina Rossi / Banca: Claudete de Sousa Nogueira / Banca: Elisabete Figueroa dos Santos / Resumo: A adolescência, culturalmente construída, ocorre de forma simultânea à puberdade, período marcado por intensas mudanças físicas e psicológicas. É na adolescência que a pessoa está mais sensível e atenta para o modo como sua imagem corporal é julgada, fato que pode interferir diretamente na construção de sua autoestima. Para adolescentes negros, ainda há a intersecção da questão racial. Assim, além de ter a autoestima influenciada pelas mudanças hormonais e emocionais, adolescentes negros podem ter sua autoimagem fragilizada pelas situações de racismo vivenciadas na infância e perpetuadas na adolescência. Realizando um recorte ainda mais específico, podemos dizer que as questões de gênero também são fatores importantes que influenciam na autoestima e imagem corporal de adolescentes do gênero feminino, uma vez que há um ideal de beleza branco estabelecido na sociedade brasileira. Entendendo que adolescentes negras trazem em seus corpos marcas da intersecção das opressões de gênero, raça e classe, buscamos compreender como, e se, o racismo afeta as vivências afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes negras periféricas. Para isso, entrevistamos seis adolescentes negras, moradoras do distrito do Grajaú, localizado na periferia do extremo sul da cidade de São Paulo. As entrevistas ocorreram em dois momentos: inicialmente com entrevistas individuais utilizando como recurso metodológico a História de Vida e, por fim realizamos um Grupo Focal de Finalização com a presença de todas as adolescent... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Adolescense, culturally built, occurs simultaneously with puberty, a period marked by intense physical and psychological changes. Is in the adolescence that the person is more sensitive and attempt to how your body image is judged, fact that can directly interfere in your self esteem construction. For black adolescents, there is still the intersection of racial question. Thus, besides having the self esteem influenced by emotional and hormonal changes, black adolescents can have your self image fragilized by racism questions lived in childhood and disturbed in adolescence. Making an even more specific cut, we can say that gender questions can also be important factors that influence in self esteem and body image of female gender adolescents, once there is a white beauty ideal stabilized upon brazilian society. Comprehending that black black adolescents bring in their bodies marks of the intersection of gender, race and social class oppression, we seek to understand how, and if, racism affects the affective-sexual experiences of black peripheral adolescents. For this, we interviewed six black adolescents, living in the Grajaú district, located on the outskirts of the southern tip of the city of São Paulo. The interviews occured in two moments: initially with individual interviews using as a methodological resource the History of Life and, finally, we held a Finalization Focus Group with the presence of all the adolescents. Both the individual interviews and the Focus Group wer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O presente trabalho se propõe a realizar uma análise histórica que nos possibilite interrogar quais são as condições de produção e reprodução de certos modelos (idéias e práticas) sobre o que se instituiu denominar a questão racial brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear a proliferação de uma série de discursos em torno da construção de um projeto nacional e civilizatório que teve como eixo principal a produção de um discurso racializado, ou seja, discutir de que modo certos fatores permitiram engendrar a produção de uma estranheza eficaz a partir da criação do que convencionamos chamar de elemento negro, constituindo-se como o representante mais eficaz desse espaço social destinado a demarcar um lugar de estranhamento (o outro como perigoso, anormal, diferente etc.). Utilizando como recurso analítico principal os trabalhos de Raimundo Nina Rodrigues e da Escola Baiana de Antropologia, discutimos como esse saber acadêmico possibilitou a formulação de um modelo psicofísico de explicação sobre a degeneração da raça brasileira. Mais tarde este modelo seria substituído por uma estratégia mais englobante, o que pode ser verificado pela aplicação dos conceitos de cultura ou aculturação, e mesmo pelo emprego dos modernos conceitos psicanalíticos. O nosso propósito consistiu em analisar a produção de certas práticas sociais: a constituição de uma ciência médico-psicológica; a difusão de certas opiniões a respeito do elemento negro através da imprensa e da literatura; a constituição jurídica do cidadão negro em decorrência da implementação de uma discussão política e legislativa pré e pós-abolicionista que se produziram em torno da construção de um projeto nacional e civilizatório e que tiveram como eixo principal a produção do elemento negro como personagem principal desse novo enredo: uma ortodoxia da cor. Optamos por discutir o processo de formação do Brasil e do brasileiro em finais do século XIX e início do século XX (período compreendido entre as décadas de 1870 e 1930), a partir das rupturas provocadas pelo iminente processo abolicionista. / This work aims at performing a historical analysis towards questioning the production and reproduction conditions of certain models (ideas and practices) regarding what become to be known as the Brazilian race problem. The purpose of this work is the mapping of the proliferation of various discourses regarding the construction of a national and civilized project whose backbone was the formation of a racial speech. In other words, we want to discuss how certain factors contributed to the engineering of an \"efficient strangeness\" derived from the creation of the so-called black element. This element turned out to be the most efficient representative of the social space designated to determine a strangeness locale (the other as dangerous, abnormal, different, etc). We discussed, based primarily on the research works of Raimundo Nina Rodrigues and of the Escola Baiana de Antropologia, the means by which such an academic knowledge facilitated the formulation of an explicatory psychophysical model for the degeneration of the Brazilian race. This model was subsequently generalized, which can be verified by concepts of culture or \"acculturations\", as well as by modern psychoanalytical concepts. Our proposal was to analyze the production of certain social practices: the constitution of a medico-psychology science; the diffusion of certain opinions regarding the black element through the press and the literature; and the judicial constitution of the black citizen. These practices were the result of the implementation of pre- and post-abolitionist legislative and political discussions inspired by a national and civil project whose backbone was the production of the black element as the principal character of this new script: the orthodoxy of color. We opted to focus our discussion on the formation process of Brazil and of the Brazilian between the final decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century (between 1870 and 1930), characterized by the ruptures aggravated by the imminent abolitionist process.

Orientador: Dagoberto José Fonseca / Banca: Eva Aparecida da Silva / Banca: Ivair Augusto Alves dos Santos / Resumo: Esta dissertação trata as considerações do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt e o pensar do negro no Brasil, compreendido a partir de cientistas sociais negros brasileiros. Há fortes indícios que a compreensão do pensamento político de Arendt constitui peça-chave na modernidade para o entendimento da construção do ódio racial. A forma como a autora descreve a construção do fenômeno totalitário na política, é um viés plural de possibilidades para o entendimento da gênese do racismo moderno. A liberdade como compreensão política da experiência humana, inaugurada na dimensão da natalidade, revela, quando posta em cheque, contra a população negra, o grande compromisso da vontade humana instituída nas lutas de libertação e nos movimentos sociais advindos daí. Por sua vez, o reconhecimento do pensar na dimensão afro-brasileira representa um pressuposto original na construção de valores inerentes à condição humana da representação política, exercício este de cidadania na busca do consenso quanto à superação do ódio racial construído, bem como na desconstrução de formas hegemônicas de dominação cultural, política e econômica contra a população negra. A escolha de lastrear a pesquisa com a cientista política Hannah Arendt possui como fundamento o objeto do estudo histórico e ideológico. Não prescinde, por sua vez, da contribuição e da força ideológica das mulheres negras, que com o olhar crítico ultrapassa a zona de conforto da naturalização do preconceito racial contra a população ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissertation deals with the considerations of the political thought of Hannah Arendt and the thinking of the Negro in Brazil understood from black Brazilian social scientists. There is strong evidence that Arendt's understanding of political thought is a key piece in modernity for understanding the construction of racial hatred. The way the author describes the construction of the totalitarian phenomenon in politics is a bias of possibilities for understanding the genesis of modern racism. Freedom as a political understanding of human experience, inaugurated in the birth dimension, reveals the great commitment of the human will instituted in the struggles of liberation and in the social movements arising from it, when put in check against the black population. In turn, the recognition of thinking about the Afro-Brazilian dimension represents an original assumption in the construction of values inherent to the human condition of political representation, this exercise of citizenship in the search for consensus regarding the overcoming of racial hatred built, as well as the deconstruction of forms hegemonic policies of cultural, political and economic domination against the black population. The choice of backing the research with the political scientist Hannah Arendt is based on the object of historical and ideological study. It does not ignore, in turn, the contribution and ideological strength of black women, among many others who with the critical eye that surpasses th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

D.Phil. (Education) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Ed. / Globally parent education is on the increase. This is due to the realisation that parents play a vital role in the development of their children and children in turn play a vital role in determining a country's future. Alarming phenomena such as the increase in suicide, substance abuse, rape, violence, depression, eating disorders and other psychological problems resulted in the questioning of the appropriateness of current parenting practices. Urban black parents in South Africa experience increasing pressure. The radical changes that occur globally in almost all dimensions of life also have an impact on them. The impact of these changes on parents are further intensified by political change, crime, violence, poverty and the challenge to raise children amidst diverse cultures and rival world views. Parent education can play a preventative and curative role in these circumstances. There is however, a lack of context relevant parent education programmes for these parents. The only available programmes are western ones based on individualistic principles. This study is premised on the assumption that the meaning of a construct cannot be transferred to another context without the risk of serious distortion. Therefore the objective of this study was to generate relevant themes that should be included in a parent education programme for urban black parents as well as guidelines for the implementation thereof. A qualitative research design was chosen to gather detailed and specific information from respondents residing in black urban communities. Workbooks completed by teachers who followed a course in parent education were analysed and four focus groups were conducted. The data thus gathered were analysed, coded and organised into categories and themes. The first theme that emerged from this analysis was that parents experience a great need for training in general life skills, including knowledge about normal child development, the expectations of schools from children, and the skills to prepare children sufficiently for fulfilling these expectations. Other needs identified were knowledge and skills on discipline, communication, conflict resolution, family relations, emotions, sex education and self management. The second theme that emerged was the important and responsible role of parents as educators. They emphasised the responsibility of parents in guiding their children with regard to their physical and psychological needs. The third theme revolved around the conflicting cultural experiences of urban black parents. These conflicts emanated from traditional gender stereotyping as well as from the highly individualistic environment in schools and the workplace that often clash with their cultural historical backgrounds. This cultural mid-position between different cultures, values and world views requires a serious review and evaluation of current parenting practices. This explains the urgent need for parent education expressed by participants in this study. Based on these finding the study concluded with proposals for parent education programmes

M.A. (Psychology) / Despite well over two millennia of philosophical speculation and just under a century of objective, standardized measurement, students of intelligence are far from unanimous in their agreement on a formal definition of the concept. Biological, psychological and operational definitions have each been advanced' and criticized in their turn. The majority of definitions, particularly of the psychological variety, have been variously rejected as circular, question begging, over-inclusive or value-laden. Such definitions have included the capacity for learning; the capacity to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with one's environment; the ability to perceive or educe relations; and the ability for abstract thinking, to mention but a few...

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / A regional office of the Department of Education and Training (DET), is an organisation that has to be managed. The chief regional director, as the senior official in the region, is responsible for the effective management of the region in order for the DET to fulfil its mission. Like any organisation, in order to function properly, attention has to be given to the management tasks, for example, planning, organisation guidance, control, motivation, delegation, communication, etc. It is the responsibility of the chief regional director to ensure that these management tasks features at its optimum in his region. In order for the DET, however, to fulfil its mission on regional level, strategic planning has to be done and strategic objectives have to be set, which will be in line with the mission of the DET. From these objectives strategic action plans have to be drawn up which will lead to the setting of tactical plans and objectives with its accompanying tactical action plans. These tactical action plans will in turn, lead to operational plans, objectives and action plans with the consequence that the mission of the DET will eventually come to fulfilment in actions at operational level...

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / The Rand Afrikaans University College for the promotion of Learning and Leadership (RAUCALL) was founded to address a specific educational need in the Republic of South Africa. Many children with academic and leadership potential from the less fortunate communities are never given the opportunity for tertiary education once they leave school. RAUCALL provides secondary school children with an opportunity that prepares them academically and develops their leadership qualities in order to ready them for tertiary studies. The College caters for children from disadvantaged communities who manifest academic and leadership potential and the primary aim is to identify these candidates who are most likely to fulfil these requirements. Initially, in the selection process many problems were experiencedand it became clear that possible candidates were not being identified. Improvement of the selection processes and procedures became necessary to target the group which would benefit most from the enriched education RAUCALL provides. The study focussed on three main areas. A literature study provided a background on the problems that could be experienced when selection takes place in a multicultural setting. Secondly an analysis was made of the RAUCALL selection procedures followed during 1992 and 1993. Thereafter a Human Resources selection model was described in order to make a comparison between the two models. This procedure provided an indication of where specific problems existed in the RAUCALL model. Improved selection procedures were described in chapter 4. The improved selection procedures were based on the Human Resources selection model. This model provided the framework for the proposed selection guidelines for RAUCALL students. Suggestions were made to improve the recruitment procedures with the object of targeting a wider group of potential candidates.