Narratologists define narrative as a chronological series of events, and thus focus on temporality in their definitions of narrative form, neglecting the crucial role that space and spatiality may play in some narratives. In this project, I use cognitive linguists Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending to analyze two very different pieces of literature, Antoine de Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince and Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, the former a children's story and the latter a postmodern experimental work of fiction. While many narratologists and literary theorists focus on the destabilizing aspects of postmodern fiction and claim that it is "anti-narrative" because it resists assumptions about temporal linearity, conceptual blending analysis reveals that some such texts may be dependent for a feeling of coherence or "storiness" on the very cognitive frames and spatial structures that they deconstruct. The affinity between Saint-Exupèry's and Calvino's works suggests that there may be a particular corpus of texts, which I term "spatialized narratives," that maintain in the mind of the reader their own kind of coherence despite their ostensible non-referentiality or fragmentation — a kind of coherence that lies more in spatiality than in temporality.

Over the last decade, advances in fluid simulation and rendering have helped animators synthesize photorealistic shots for movies that would have been virtually impossible to create by manually animating the liquid. Despite the advent of these computational methods, fluid simulation in movie production still involves a large degree of trial and error. In this dissertation, we propose a set of techniques for creating animations of liquids that meet desired artistic criteria without the customary tuning of numerous physical parameters. The basis for our work is the mesh-based representation of the liquid surface which lends itself to efficient algorithms that can control the output of simulations. First, we show how an animator can create animated characters and shapes that behave as if they were made of water using our mesh-based control method. Our approach allows for multiple levels of control over the simulation, ranging from the overall tracking of the desired shapes to highly detailed secondary effects. Next, we present a novel technique for interpolating between fluid simulations with free surfaces. We construct 4D spacetime meshes from animations and register them using a non-rigid ICP algorithm. By incorporating user input to align visually important regions, we can produce plausible animations that look like a blend of the two input sequences, all without re-simulating the fluid. We demonstrate how this could have applications in pre-visualization and video games.

Narratologists define narrative as a chronological series of events, and thus focus on temporality in their definitions of narrative form, neglecting the crucial role that space and spatiality may play in some narratives. In this project, I use cognitive linguists Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending to analyze two very different pieces of literature, Antoine de Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince and Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, the former a children's story and the latter a postmodern experimental work of fiction. While many narratologists and literary theorists focus on the destabilizing aspects of postmodern fiction and claim that it is "anti-narrative" because it resists assumptions about temporal linearity, conceptual blending analysis reveals that some such texts may be dependent for a feeling of coherence or "storiness" on the very cognitive frames and spatial structures that they deconstruct. The affinity between Saint-Exupèry's and Calvino's works suggests that there may be a particular corpus of texts, which I term "spatialized narratives," that maintain in the mind of the reader their own kind of coherence despite their ostensible non-referentiality or fragmentation — a kind of coherence that lies more in spatiality than in temporality.

Catchwords and catchphrases denoting crucial ideological concepts or disqualifying an opponent serve as indices pointing to the line of demarcation between political camps. Using the example of three catchwords (Patriotyzm genetyczny genetic patriotism, pka kulturowa cultural shelf, Palikotyzacja X-a Palikotization of X) emerging in the aggravated political debate in Poland between 2000 and 2009, and mainly signaling affiliation with the national conservative PiS-party, a twofold approach combining methods from discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics is proposed. On the one hand, the lexical items are analyzed as keywords in statu nascendi which are disputed, quoted or ridiculed and serve as intertextual hinges which still have the potential to evoke the communicative situation in which they have been created. On the other hand, the selected newly created lexical items are analyzed as conceptual integration networks within the framework of blending theory. The blending analysis reveals the underlying logic of the novel conceptual structure and displays the explanative and argumentative pattern suggested by the blend and condensed in the catchword. By tracing the disputes elicited by these catchwords and analyzing sequences in which these newly created concepts are contested or maintained from a cognitive perspective, we can see how the logic suggested by the blend is either perpetuated or perverted in the process of the ongoing dissemination of the catchword.

abstract: This study investigates the mastic level structure of asphalt concrete containing RAP materials. Locally sourced RAP material was screened and sieved to separate the coated fines (passing #200) from the remaining sizes. These binder coated fines were mixed with virgin filler at proportions commensurate with 0%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% RAP dosage levels. Mastics were prepared with these blended fillers and a PG 64-22 binder at a filler content of 27% by volume. Rheological experiments were conducted on the resulting composites as well as the constituents, virgin binder, solvent extracted RAP binder. The results from the dynamic modulus experiments showed an expected increase in stiffness with increase in dosage levels. These results were used to model the hypothesized structure of the composite. The study presented discusses the different micromechanical models employed, their applicability and suitability to correctly predict the blended mastic composite. The percentage of blending between virgin and RAP binder estimated using Herve and Zaoui model decreased with increase in RAP content. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2014

Submitted by ALINE PEREIRA DE SOUZA null (alinepsline@gmail.com) on 2017-06-27T15:34:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Aline P.S..pdf: 19184295 bytes, checksum: 95d09d499c1c07f0aa5a531052407d62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T19:32:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ap_dr_arafcl.pdf: 19184295 bytes, checksum: 95d09d499c1c07f0aa5a531052407d62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T19:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ap_dr_arafcl.pdf: 19184295 bytes, checksum: 95d09d499c1c07f0aa5a531052407d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / As projeções, como a metáfora, a personificação, a comparação, a metonímia e a parábola, geralmente são apresentadas aos alunos na escola apenas como figuras de linguagem de uso restrito ao universo literário. Entretanto, pretendemos mostrar que tais projeções são presentes em nossa comunicação diária e utilizadas em larga escala em muitos gêneros, tanto de forma natural, explicitando sua presença no pensamento (cf. LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 1980), quanto proposital (cf. GIBBS, Jr. 2015 e STEEN, 2015). Desses gêneros, escolhemos três para compor nosso corpus: títulos de matérias jornalísticas, dissertações argumentativas bem avaliadas da FUVEST e do ENEM e memes de Facebook, que são os principais gêneros a que estão expostos os alunos do Ensino Médio. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o uso e, principalmente, a funcionalidade desses processos cognitivos de projeção de base analógica em três gêneros diferentes e cotidianos para o nosso público–alvo, para reforçar a importância comunicativa e social que a presença de projeções tem nesses textos. A partir dessa análise foi delineada uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem da produção/compreensão desses textos, pois acreditamos que compreender as projeções como um processo cognitivo e analógico pode ajudar consideravelmente os estudantes a desenvolver suas habilidades de leitura, compreensão e produção textual. A hipótese que defendemos é que as projeções são bastante frequentes em muitos gêneros e têm importante função argumentativa. Acreditamos, também, que tais textos são consumidos justamente por conta das projeções contidas neles, já que elas os tornam mais atrativos e podem significar muito, dizendo pouco. Nossos principais objetivos, portanto foram: compreender a funcionalidade e os efeitos de sentido das projeções utilizadas nos textos escolhidos e verificar como o domínio e a consciência de tais conceitos podem ajudar os alunos a compreender melhor os textos que os circundam e a produzir textos mais bem escritos. A análise teve como base os conceitos da Moderna Linguística Cognitiva e, para tanto, foram utilizadas a Teoria da Integração Conceptual (Blending) proposta por Fauconnier e Turner (2002), Turner (2014), a Teoria da Parábola, proposta por Turner (1996), considerações sobre Analogia propostas por Hofstadter, D. e Sander, E (2013) e também, em termos funcionais, o princípio da “presença” proposto por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996). Para as reflexões didáticas foram utilizadas, principalmente, as considerações sobre leitura advindas de Koch (1995; 1997; 2002; 2006; 2016) e as considerações sobre Projetos didáticos de gênero advindas de Guimarães e Kersch (2011; 2012; 2014; 2015). Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a hipótese de que o efeito persuasivo é mais facilmente alcançado quando os textos apelam para a experiência de vida do leitor e usam projeções como instrumento pedagógico. / Projections, such as metaphor, personification, comparison, metonymy, and parable, are usually presented to students at school only as language-use figures restricted to the literary universe. However, we intend to show that such projections are present in our daily communication and used on a large scale in many genres, both in a natural way, explaining their presence in thought (cf. Lakoff and Johnson 1980), and intentional (GIBBS, Jr 2015 and STEEN, 2015). Of these genres, we chose three to compose our corpus: journal titles, wellevaluated argumentative dissertations from FUVEST and ENEM and Facebook´s memes, which are the main genres to which high school students are exposed. This research aims to analyze the use and, mainly, the functionality of these cognitive processes of analogical projection in three different and everyday genres for our target audience, to reinforce the communicative and social importance that the presence of projections has in these texts. From this analysis, a teaching-learning strategy of the production / comprehension of these texts was delineated, because it is believed that understanding the projections as a cognitive and analogical process can considerably help students to develop their reading, comprehension and textual production skills. The hypothesis that we defend is that projections are quite frequent in many genres and have an important argumentative function. We also believe that such texts are consumed precisely because of the projections contained in them, since they make them more attractive and can mean much, saying little. Our main objectives, therefore, were: to understand the functionality and sense effects of the projections used in the chosen texts and to verify how the mastery and the awareness of these concepts can help students better understand the texts that surround them and produce better written texts. The analysis was based on the concepts of Modern Cognitive Linguistics and, for that, the Blending theory proposed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002), Turner (2014), the Parabola Theory proposed by Turner (1996) ), As well as, in functional terms, the "presence" principle proposed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), as well as the "presence" principle proposed by HOFSTADTER, D. & SANDER, E (2014). For the didactic considerations, we used the KOCH (1995, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2016) reading considerations, and the considerations on didactic projects of genre from GUIMARÃES and KERSCH (2011, 2012, 2014, 2015). The results of the research confirm the hypothesis that the persuasive effect is more easily achieved when the texts "appeal" to the reader's life experience and use projections as a pedagogical tool.

Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T13:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_EduardoJose_M.pdf: 1801283 bytes, checksum: e7ae140b96b1e6af3f8cf78035307f33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia de cálculo, de uso simples, porém de caráter robusto, a ser utilizado na seleção de sistemas de agitação e mistura, que englobam: Cálculo/dimensionamento do eixo do agitador para torção e flexão tipo "eixo vazado" para conjunto único e de múltiplos impelidores; Verificação da Rotação Crítica para sistemas de agitação que possuem eixos em balanço; Estimar a potência consumi da em sistemas agitados que utilizam impelidor( es) para produtos com viscosidades variadas. O programa computacional é estruturado a partir do levantamento de equações pertinentes aos sistemas estudados bem como é fruto de experiências já consolidadas em aplicações práticas (industriais) onde o mesmo pode ser utilizado no desenvolvimento e fabricação de tanques, vasos, reatores e sistemas de agitação. O programa desenvolvido, em ambiente Excel pode ser utilizado em substituição aos softwares comerciais, de elevado custo de aquisição e atualização. As proporções recomendadas para uma melhor eficiência do sistema de agitação e mistura, como por exemplo, a altura de líquido x diâmetro do vaso, serão abordadas aqui, bem como a verificação da mudança do comportamento da agitação influenciados pela variação da geometria do tanque e do impelidor e da viscosidade (características do fluído) no processamento no qual eles estão inseridos / Abstract: The objective of this work is to present a calculation methodology, of simple use, however a efficient form to design and to be used on mixing systems selection that comprise: Agitator hollow shaft design/calculation for bending and torsion for single and multiple impellers conditions; Check and compute Critical Speeds in Agitated Vessels that have overhung shafts. Estimating power consumption by impellers on mixing of products with several viscosities; The computational tool was based on several research, as well is a result of the experiences yet consolidated on industrial real applications where it is used to design agitated vessels, tanks, reactors and agitation systems. Computer method run in Excel and can be used on substitution of commercial programs that have high acquisition and up-date prices. Recommended dimensions, for example, how the level of liquid x vessel diameter modify the agitation efficiency, will be treated here, then also, will see the modification on mixing performance by influence varying geometry (impeller and tank) and the viscosity (fluid characteristics) on processes were are involved. / Mestrado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Narratologists define narrative as a chronological series of events, and thus focus on temporality in their definitions of narrative form, neglecting the crucial role that space and spatiality may play in some narratives. In this project, I use cognitive linguists Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending to analyze two very different pieces of literature, Antoine de Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince and Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, the former a children's story and the latter a postmodern experimental work of fiction. While many narratologists and literary theorists focus on the destabilizing aspects of postmodern fiction and claim that it is "anti-narrative" because it resists assumptions about temporal linearity, conceptual blending analysis reveals that some such texts may be dependent for a feeling of coherence or "storiness" on the very cognitive frames and spatial structures that they deconstruct. The affinity between Saint-Exupèry's and Calvino's works suggests that there may be a particular corpus of texts, which I term "spatialized narratives," that maintain in the mind of the reader their own kind of coherence despite their ostensible non-referentiality or fragmentation — a kind of coherence that lies more in spatiality than in temporality. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Several operational and environmental conditions can result in poor biogas yield during the operation of anaerobic digesters and anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Over time, anaerobic co-digestion and leachate blending have been identified as strategies that can help address some of these challenges to improve biogas production. While co-digestion entails the co-treatment of multiple substrates, leachate blending involves combination of mature and young landfill leachate. Despite the benefits attributed to these strategies, their impact on recirculating bioreactor landfill scenarios and anaerobic digesters requires further investigation. In the first phase of this thesis, an attempt to assess biogas production improvement from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in simulated bioreactor landfills through recirculation of blended landfill leachate was conducted. Real old and new leachate blends (67%New leachate:33%Old leachate, 33%New leachate:67%Old leachate) as well as 100%New and 100%Old leachate were recirculated through six laboratory-scale bioreactors using open-loop and closed-loops modes. Compared with the control bioreactor where 100% new leachate was recirculated and operated as a closed-loop, cumulative biogas production was improved by as much as 77 to 193% when a leachate blend of 33%New:67%Old was recirculated. Furthermore, comparison of the results from open-loop and closed-loop operated bioreactors indicated that there was approximately 28 to 65% more biogas in open-loop bioreactors. The Gompertz model applied to the methane data produced a better fit (R2 > 0.99) than first order and logistic function models. Leachate blending reduced the lag phase by almost half and thus helps in alleviating the ensiling during the start-up phase. In the second phase, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of percentage sewage scum addition; 10%, 20% and 40% (volatile solids basis) on biogas production during mesophilic co-digestion with various organic substrates viz; organic fraction of municipal solid waste, old leachate, new leachate and a leachate blend prepared from 67%old leachate and 33%new leachate under sub-optimal condition. Results show that the net cumulative bio-methane yield was improved with increased sewage scum percentage during co-digestion because of positive synergism. Meanwhile, the addition of 40% sewage scum to the individual co-substrates improved net cumulative bio-methane yield by 28% - 67% when compared to their respective mono-substrate digestion bio-methane yield. Furthermore, reactors containing leachate blends consistently produced more biogas over other sets because of blending. Kinetic modelling applied to the bio-methane production data shows modified Gompertz equation achieved a better fit with up to an R2 value of 0.999. Finally, co-digestion substantially reduced the lag time encountered during mono-digestion. In the last phase, the biomethane potential involved in the ACo-D of sewage scum, organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated in this phase using either thickened waste activated sludge or leachate blend (67%old leachate and 33%new leachate) as a tertiary component. Compared to the mono-digestion of TWAS, results shows that biomethane yield was enhanced in by as much as 32 - 127% in trinary mixtures with SS and OFMSW mainly due to the effect of positive synergism. Furthermore, LB addition improved biomethane production in trinary mixtures of SS:LB: OFMSW by 38% than in corresponding trinary mixtures of TWAS. Whereas an optimal combination of 40%SS:10%TWAS:50%OFMSW and 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW produced the highest biogas yield of 407mL.gVS-1 and 487mL.gVS-1 respectively. The application of the first order model showed that lower hydrolysis rates promoted methanogenesis with k = 0.04day-1 in both 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW and 20%SS:50%LB:30%OFMSW. Estimations by the modified Gompertz and logistic function were conclusive methane production rate improved by as much a 60% in a trinary mixture over the production rate during mono-digestion of TWAS alone. The results of the various experiments of this thesis therefore suggest that leachate blending can be used as a strategy to improve biogas production in both bioreactor landfills and anaerobic digesters. Also, sewage scum as an energy-rich substrate can be better utilized during co-digestion with other low-energy substrates.

The fundamental requirement for a coal preparation plant is to transform low value run-of-mine (ROM) material into high value marketable products. The significant aspect relative to the plant is that any gain in efficiency flows almost entirely to the "bottom line" for the operation. The incremental quality concept has gained wide acceptance as the best method to optimize the overall efficiency of the various cleaning circuits. Simply stated, the concept requires that all the cleaning circuits operate as near as possible to the same incremental quality. To ensure optimal efficiency, a plant that receives ROM feed from multiple sources must develop a strategy to operate at the same incremental quality, which yields wide ranges in product qualities from the individual ROM coals. In order to provide products that meet contract specifications, clean coal stockpiles can be utilized to accept coals with various qualities, such as "premium," "low," and "filler" qualities, with shipments formulated from the stockpiles to meet product specifications. A more favorable alternative is raw coal blending to produce the specified clean coal qualities. This study will review the incremental quality concept and present case studies in applying the concept to meet product specifications. / Master of Science