Background: Body composition measures include fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (%BF), which are markers of health status and disease risk. Accurate body composition assessment is needed to evaluate an individual’s health and the efficacy of treatment strategies. Objective: Compare body composition estimates obtained from the Norland DXA, BodPod®, and iDXA before and after a 12-week exercise intervention. Subjects/setting: Overweight to obese (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) sedentary men and women (n=30) aged 18 to 40 years were recruited from central KY. Main outcome measure: Agreement in FM, FFM, and %BF between Norland DXA, iDXA, and BodPod®. Statistical analysis: Bland Altman plots evaluated mean bias and limits of agreement between iDXA vs Norland DXA, BodPod® vs Norland, and BodPod® vs iDXA. T-tests determined if each mean bias was different from zero. Results: Compared to the iDXA, Norland DXA overestimated BF% and FM at baseline and post intervention (P < 0.01), without differences in FFM (P > 0.05). The BodPod® underestimated BF% and FM and overestimated FFM compared to both DXA machines(all P < 0.01). Conclusion: The Norland and iDXA produce different measures of FM but similar measures of FFM. As well, the BodPod® measures FM and FFM differently than either DXA machine.

Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sensitiviteten och specificiteten hos BMI vid klassificering av övervikt, samt att jämföra gränsvärdena för övervikt mätt med BMI med gränsvärdena för övervikt mätt i fettprocent med BodPod. Metod Urvalet i studien bestod av 359 deltagare mellan 30-50 år (medelvärde – 39,7 år). Av dessa 359 var 192 kvinnor och 167 män. Deltagarna var indelade i fyra aktivitetsnivåer – stillasittande, lågaktiva, aktiva och mycket aktiva. Dessa delades in i två grupper där stillasittande och lågaktiva slogs ihop och aktiva och mycket aktiva slogs ihop. Därefter har gränsvärden för övervikt jämförts, mätt med två olika mätinstrument – BMI (body mass index) och ADP (air displacement plethysmography) samt givit nya förslag på gräns för övervikt med BMI som mätinstrument. Sensitiviteten och specificiteten för BMI för män och kvinnor och olika aktivitetsnivåer har uppmäts. Resultat Resultatet visade att gränsvärdena för övervikt hos kvinnor bör fortfarande ligga runt 25, oavsett aktivitetsnivå, men för män bör gränsvärdena ligga mellan 26-27, beroende på aktivitetsgrad. Sensitiviteten för kvinnor ligger mellan 69-76% beroende på aktivitetsgrad och specificiteten är 83-91%. För män ligger sensitiviteten mellan 76-88% beroende på aktivitetsgrad och specificiteten är 56-68%. Med föreslagna nya BMI-gränser minskar sensitiviteten för män, men specificiteten ökar. Ingen större förändring hos kvinnor. Slutsats Då sensitiviteten och specificiteten är relativt låg för BMI kan det vara bra för en lärare i idrott och hälsa att känna till BMI:s begränsningar. Idrottslärare ska utveckla elevens färdigheter och kunskap inom hälsa och bör lyfta BMI:s styrkor och svagheter i undervisningen eftersom det är ett mått de flesta känner till. BMI är inte ett perfekt mått utan bör kompletteras med andra enkla mätmetoder. Om olika BMI gränsvärden för olika aktivitetsnivåer ska användas bör denna mätning vara mer ingående och inkludera träning på fritiden, vilket inte gjorts i denna studie. / Aim The aim of this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of BMI for classification of overweight, as well compared the cutoffs for overweight measured with BMI with the cutoffs for overweight measured in %FM with BodPod. Method The selection of the study consisted of 359 participants between 30-50 years of age (mean age – 39,7 years). Of these 359, 192 were women and 167 were men. The participants were divided into four activity levels – sedentary, low active, active, very active. These were divided into two groups – sedentary and low active into one group and active and very active into another. Then cutoffs for overweight were measured, with two different methods – BMI (body mass index) and ADP (air displacement plethysmography), as well given new suggestions for cutoff levels for overweight measured with BMI. The sensitivity and specificity, for BMI, for men and women and different levels of activity were calculated. Result The result showed that the cutoffs for overweight in women still should be around 25, no matter the level of activity, but for men cutoffs should be between 26-27, considering level of activity. Sensitivity for women is between 69-76% depending on level of activity and specificity 83-91%. For men the sensitivity is between 76-88% depending on level of activity and the specificity 56-68%. With suggested new BMI cutoffs the sensitivity for men decreases, but the specificity increases. No larger change for women. Conclusion As the sensitivity and specificity is relatively low for BMI it could be good for teachers in physical education to know of BMI limitations. PE teachers are supposed to develop the pupils’ skills and knowledge in health and should inform about BMI strengths and weaknesses in education since it is a measure known by most. BMI is not a perfect measurement but should be accompanied by other simple measurements. If BMI cutoffs should take activity into account, this measurement should be more detailed and include physical activity in their leisure time, which was not done in this study.

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The deregulation of snacks by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) permits institutions to provide enhanced snacks incidental to participation. Athletes may now have the opportunity to improve their diet quality. The purpose of this research was to assess the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as body composition of Division I collegiate athletes. The sample included 19 American football players and 8 volleyball players. Paired t-tests were performed to compare fruit intake, vegetable intake, and body fat percentage pre- and post-deregulation of snacks. Linear regression models were used to determine correlations between change in fruit intake and change in body fat percentage and change in vegetable intake and change in body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in the paired t-tests; however, there was a significant correlation in increasing fruit intake, vegetable intake, and decreasing body fat percentage among football players. Results suggest that regular contact with a Registered Dietitian may improve diet quality, and providing nutrient-dense foods planned by a Registered Dietitian to college athletes may improve body fat percentage.