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Halle, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).

Sterne's literary influence in Germany during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been well established by H.W. Thayer, P. Michelsen and B. Brandi-Dohrn. But it is only in relation to the sentimental movement that his strong impact on German language and style has been critically studied and evaluated. And here it was <u>A Sentimental Journey</u> (1768) that contributed. The present thesis was planned originally as a study of the linguistic influence of <u>Tristram Shandy</u> (1759-67). It soon became apparent that the medium through which first and pre-eminently that influence had been exerted was the translation by J.J.C. Bode published in 1774 under the title of <u>Tristram Schandis Leben und Meynungen</u>. This study will analyse the innovations in <u>Tristram Schandi</u> and their derivation from the English of Sterne and, indirectly, from Sterne's predecessors in the tradition of humorous writing. The analysis in limited to the vocabulary and a few significant stylistic features. Syntactic innovations are excluded: they well deserve a special study. The impact of Bode's innovations on the German language of the time will be established mainly by citation from dictionaries. The consultation of literary sources lies outside the scope of my research. The originality and competence of Bode's translation, controversial in intention but far-reaching in effect, will also be discussed. It is not known which edition of <u>Tristam Shandy</u> Bode used for his translation. I have quoted throughout from the World's Classics edition, checking it against those of the Shakespeare Head Press and J.A. Work. Both of these are based on the first and some other early editions. Such differences as exist between the three editions are confined to details of orthography or typography, which would not have affected the translation. Quotations from <u>Tristram Shandi</u> follow the first edition of 1774.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This study aimed to evaluate rainy and dry season effect on plasma seminal composition and semen quality of 17 crossbred male goats raised in tropical region and to investigate if the biochemical composition of seminal plasma (SP) is correlated to semen quality in relation to the season of the year. Other objective of this experiment was to evaluate if the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity level in the SP affects the ejaculate and epididymal spermatozoa. This study was divided into three experiments: in the first phase, seventeen male goats were used and then eight animals with low or high PLA2 activity in SP were separated to the second and third phases. In the first experiment, the ejaculates were collected in artificial vagina, weekly, the SP was separated to evaluate the biochemical parameters and biweekly for quality semen determination. The sperm was diluted in coconut water added 2,5% of egg yolk (200 x 106 sperm/mL) and stored at 4 oC for 48 hours. The vigor (0-5) and motility (1-100%) were measured at 2, 24 and 48 hours after cooling by thermoresistance test (TRT). Slides of sperm were made during TRT and 200 cells were classified as normal or abnormal cellular morphology. The fructose, citric acid, total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium level and the PLA2 activity level in the SP were measured. In the second experiment, eight bucks were separated in two groups according to PLA2 activity level in SP, in group I (<6.7U/mL) and group II (> 11.0 U/mL). The semen was obtained by artificial vagina, diluted and separate in two samples: the first aliquot was the control treatment (nonwashed semen) and the second aliquot was centrifuged at 550 g for 10 minutes to remove the SP (washed semen). In the third experiment, the semen of the eight bucks was collected and the SP obtained by centrifugation. The SP of each buck was added to aliquots of epididymal spermatozoa pool collected from another male goat and a ninth aliquot was added only to diluent (control). After that, the final dilution (200 x 106 sperm/mL) was made in all samples. In the second and third experiments, after the treatment and final dilution, the semen samples were stored at 4 oC for 48 hours and an aliquot was incubated at 38 oC and evaluated to vigor and motility at 0, 2, 12, 24 and 48 hours of cooling. Slides of sperm were made during TRT and 200 cells were classified as normal or abnormal morphology. In all experiments, the semen quality decreased with time (p<0,001). In the first experiment, the semen obtained in the rainy season was better quality than semen collected in the dry season of the year. In addition, the fructose, citric acid, total proteins, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the SP were higher in rainy season, while the PLA2 activity was lower in this period. The fructose, citric acid and total proteins concentration showed positive correlations to vigor and motility in both seasons. The total sperm morphology alterations (TSMA) showed negative correlation with fructose level and positive correlations with citric acid, total proteins concentrations and PLA2 activity level. In the second experiment, the treatment (washed semen) improved the seminal quality, mainly in washed semen of the group I. The PLA2 activity level showed no effect on sperm performance in the ejaculate spermatozoa, except at 48h in washed semen and at 24h in the non-washed semen. Finally, in the third experiment, the SP addition on epididymal spermatozoa decreased the seminal parameters and this effect was higher in group II. However, the TSMA were lower when the PLA2 activity was higher. These results indicated that male goats raised in tropical region showed better seminal quality in the rainy season. In addition, the fructose, citric acid, total proteins, phosphorus and magnesium concentration levels in the SP were higher in rainy season, while the PLA2 activity was lower in this period. The correlations between the seminal and biochemical parameters in SP could indicate that the differences in the semen parameters in the rainy and dry season occurred due the biochemical parameter variations. The SP addition during the semen storage at 4 oC decreased the seminal quality. However the PLA2 activity level was not a determinant factor of the seminal quality in the ejaculate spermatozoa. Therefore, it cannot be used as an indicative of the spermatic quality of male goats raised in tropical region / Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da Ãpoca chuvosa e seca do ano sobre a composiÃÃo do plasma seminal (PS) e os parÃmetros seminais de 17 caprinos sem padrÃo racial definido (SPRD), criados em clima tropical, alÃm de avaliar se a composiÃÃo bioquÃmica do PS apresenta correlaÃÃo com os parÃmetros seminais, em funÃÃo da Ãpoca do ano, assim como, investigar se o nÃvel de atividade da fosfolipase A2 (FLA2) no PS de caprinos pode ser utilizado como indicativo da qualidade espermÃtica e se esse nÃvel exerce influÃncia na preservaÃÃo dos espermatozÃides ejaculados e epididimÃrios quando conservados a 4 ÂC, por 48 horas. O estudo foi realizado em trÃs etapas: na primeira foram utilizados dezessete machos caprinos e a partir desta, oito bodes com diferentes nÃveis de atividade de FLA2 no PS foram selecionados para realizaÃÃo da segunda e terceira etapas. No primeiro experimento durante a Ãpoca chuvosa e seca, os ejaculados dos animais foram coletados semanalmente, em vagina artificial, para avaliaÃÃo bioquÃmica do PS e a cada 14 dias para determinaÃÃo dos parÃmetros seminais. O sÃmen foi diluÃdo em Ãgua de coco-2,5% gema (200 x 106 sptz/mL), resfriado a 4 ÂC por 48 horas e avaliado o vigor e a motilidade Ãs 2, 24 e 48 horas de resfriamento (T2, T24 e T48), pelo teste de termorresistÃncia lento (TTR). EsfregaÃos do sÃmen diluÃdo foram confeccionados durante o TTR e 200 cÃlulas foram avaliadas e classificadas morfologicamente em normais ou anormais. Determinaram-se ainda as concentraÃÃes de frutose, Ãcido cÃtrico, proteÃnas totais, Ca, P, MG e nÃvel de atividade da FLA2. No segundo experimento, oito caprinos divididos, em funÃÃo do nÃvel de atividade da FLA2 no PS em: grupo I (<6,70 U/mL) e o grupo II (>11,00 U/mL). O sÃmen foi coletado, diluÃdo e dividido em duas alÃquota : a primeira constituiu o tratamento controle (sÃmen nÃo lavado) e a segunda foi centrifugada para remoÃÃo do PS (sÃmen lavado). No terceiro experimento, o sÃmen dos oito animais foi coletado e centrifugado para recuperaÃÃo do PS e adicionados a alÃquotas de um Ãnico âpoolâ de espermatozÃides epididimÃrios obtidos de caprinos castrados cirurgicamente. Uma nona alÃquota foi adicionada apenas de diluidor (grupo controle). Em seguida, procedeu-se a diluiÃÃo final em todas as amostras utilizando o mesmo diluidor. No segundo e terceiro experimentos, apÃs a realizaÃÃo dos tratamentos e diluiÃÃo final, o sÃmen foi resfriado a 4 ÂC por atà 48 horas e amostra de cada tratamento foi avaliada pelo TTR Ãs 0 (fresco), 2, 12, 24 e 48 horas de resfriamento. EsfregaÃos do sÃmen foram confeccionados para avaliaÃÃo da morfologia espermÃtica. Em todos os experimentos, a qualidade espermÃtica diminuiu à medida que se prolongou o tempo de preservaÃÃo (p < 0,001). No experimento 1, o sÃmen apresentou qualidade superior na Ãpoca chuvosa e tambÃm as concentraÃÃes de frutose, Ãcido cÃtrico, proteÃnas totais, P e Mg foram maiores nesta Ãpoca. A FLA2 apresentou menor atividade na Ãpoca chuvosa (p < 0,05). A concentraÃÃo de frutose, Ãcido cÃtrico e proteÃnas totais mostraram correlaÃÃes positivas com o vigor e a motilidade e negativas com a TDM, nas duas Ãpocas. Em relaÃÃo Ãs alteraÃÃes morfolÃgicas totais (AMT), a concentraÃÃo de frutose mostrou correlaÃÃes negativas, enquanto as de Ãcido cÃtrico, proteÃnas totais e atividade da FLA2, positivas. Os nÃveis de fÃsforo no PS apresentaram correlaÃÃo com os parÃmetros seminais apenas na Ãpoca seca, sendo negativa para vigor, motilidade e AMT e positiva para TDM. A concentraÃÃo de Mg correlacionou-se positivamente com a motilidade na Ãpoca chuvosa e AMT na seca. No segundo experimento, o tratamento influenciou a qualidade seminal principalmente no grupo I, sendo o desempenho espermÃtico superior no sÃmen lavado. O nÃvel de atividade da FLA2 nÃo afetou a qualidade dos espermatozÃides ejaculados, exceto em T48 do sÃmen lavado e T24 do sÃmen nÃo lavado. Enquanto no terceiro experimento, a adiÃÃo do PS aos espermatozÃides epididimÃrios diminuiu a qualidade espermÃtica e este efeito foi mais pronunciado quando o nÃvel de atividade de FLA2 foi maior. Contudo, no que se refere e AMT, a adiÃÃo do PS foi benÃfica, reduzindo o nÃmero de alteraÃÃes. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que caprinos criados em clima tropical apresentam melhor qualidade espermÃtica no perÃodo chuvoso, alÃm das concentraÃÃes de frutose, acido cÃtrico, proteÃnas totais, P e Mg serem mais elevados nesta Ãpoca, enquanto a atividade da FLA2 foi menor neste perÃodo. As correlaÃÃes entre os parÃmetros seminais e a composiÃÃo bioquÃmica do PS podem indicar que as diferenÃas detectadas quanto à qualidade espermÃtica entre as Ãpocas do ano deve-se justamente Ãs variaÃÃes na concentraÃÃo destes componentes. A presenÃa do PS durante a conservaÃÃo do sÃmen caprino a 4 ÂC reduziu a qualidade espermÃtica, contudo o nÃvel de atividade da FLA2 nÃo foi um fator determinante da qualidade seminal para os espermatozÃides ejaculados, por isso, nÃo deve ser utilizado como indicativo de qualidade espermÃtica de caprinos criados em regiÃo de clima tropical

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SanziaAN_TESE.pdf: 6049434 bytes, checksum: 6a97e62e04daa321fddc66de5d006ee5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this thesis we analyze the effects that the presence of a near gas giant planet can cause in its host star. It has been argued that the star planet interaction can cause changes in the coronal and chromospheric stellar activity. With this in mind, we analyze a sample of 53 extrasolar planets orbiting F, G and K main sequence stars, among them three super-Earths. In this analysis, we look for evidence of changes in the chromospheric activity due to the proximity of the giant planet. We show that, so far, there is not enough evidence to support such a hypothesis. Making use of the same sample and also taking in account available data for the Solar System, we revisit the so-called magnetic Bode s law. This law proposes the existence of a direct relationship between magnetism and rotation. By using estimations for the stellar and planetary magnetic momentM and the angular momentumL, we construct a Blackett s diagram (logL &#1048576;logM). In this diagram is evident that the magnetic Bode s law is valid for both the Solar System and the new planetary systems / Nesta tese s?o analisados os efeitos que a presen?a de um planeta gigante gasoso pr?ximo causa em sua estrela hospedeira. Tem se discutido que a intera??o estrela - planeta possa provocar mudan?as na atividade cromosf?rica e coronal estelar. Tendo isto em mente, analisamos uma amostra composta por 53 planetas extrassolares orbitando estrelas F, G e K da sequ?ncia principal, dentre os quais tr?s superterras. Nesta an?lise, buscamos ind?cios de mudan?as na atividade cromosf?rica estelar devido ? proximidade do planeta gigante. Mostramos que n?o existem evid?ncias suficientes que corroborem tal hip?tese. Fazendo uso desta mesma amostra e de dados dispon?veis na literatura para o Sistema Solar, revisitamos a chamada lei magn?tica de Bode. Esta lei prop?e a exist?ncia de uma rela??o direta entre magnetismo e rota??o. Atrav?s de estimativas para o momento magn?tico M e para o momentum angular L destes objetos, constru?mos e analisamos detalhadamente o diagrama de Blackett (logL &#1048576; logM). Neste diagrama ficou evidente que a lei magn?tica de Bode ? v?lida tanto para o Sistema Solar quanto para os novos sistemas planet?rios

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Balasubramaniam Natarajan / Space-time coding (STC) schemes for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have been an area of active research in the past decade. In this thesis, we propose a novel design of Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) using Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) codes, which are ideal for high data rate communication systems. Application of RRNS as a concatenated STC scheme to a MIMO wireless communication system is the main motivation for this work. We have optimized the link between residues and complex constellations by incorporating the “Direct Mapping” scheme, where residues are mapped directly to Gray coded constellations. Knowledge of apriori probabilities of residues is utilized to implement a probability based “Distance-Aware Direct Mapping” (DA) scheme, which uses a set-partitioning approach to map the most probable residues such that they are separated by the maximum possible distance. We have proposed an “Indirect Mapping” scheme, where we convert the residues back to bits before mapping them. We have also proposed an adaptive demapping scheme which utilizes the RRNS code structure to reduce the ML decoding complexity and improve the error performance. We quantify the upper bounds on codeword and bit error probabilities of both Systematic and Non-systematic RRNS-STBC and characterize the achievable coding and diversity gains assuming maximum likelihood decoding (MLD). Simulation results demonstrate that the DA Mapping scheme provides performance gain relative to a Gray coded direct mapping scheme. We show that Systematic RRNS-STBC codes provide superior performance compared to Nonsystematic RRNS-STBC, for the same code parameters, owing to more efficient binary to residue mapping. When compared to other concatenated STBC and Orthogonal STBC (OSTBC) schemes, the proposed system gives better performance at low SNRs.