Research has shown that women experience fluctuations in body weight (BW) due to water retention and/or other processes at various times in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study is to measure women repeatedly throughout the course of one menstrual cycle and (1) to confirm whether significant fluctuations in weight occur at various times and (2) to determine whether there are significant differences in the components of body composition by hydrostatic weighing which are related to any changes in BW. It was concluded that while significant fluctuations in BW occur at certain times in the menstrual cycle, the changes are small and do not result in significant differences in the components of body composition by hydrostatic weighing at these same times. Considerable within-subject variability occurs for all parameters, however, and further research into the mechanisms appears warranted.

In any study of physical fitness or of nutritional well-being of a group of people, a knowledge of the normal height and weight of that group serves as a valuable guide. Thus, Height-Weight-Age tables have been prepared and are being used in schools, gymnasiums, camps, etc., as a gauge of physical development in children. However, for the group of Chinese school children in the United States very little work has been done to determine the normal height range and weight at the different ages and the normal height-weight-age relationships. Because of the lack of data on the normal weights and heights of Chinese school children, the writer, who had previously attempted a survey and study of malnutrition among Chinese school children in Stockton, California, found that she has no means to gauge her measurements. The tables prepared for Caucasian children are always available and can be referred to, of course; but can height-weight-age standards which are based on measurements of Caucasian children serve as standards by which Chinese children could be judged? This study was undertaken in order to throw light on that question and to serve as accurate and contemporaneous material for preparing height-weight-age tables for Chinese school children in Northern California, should the final analysis prove that tables prepared for Caucasian children cannot be adapted for their use.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18317号 / 農博第2042号 / 新制||農||1021(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4824(農学部図書室) / 31175 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平井 伸博, 教授 今井 裕, 准教授 三宅 武 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20261号 / 医博第4220号 / 新制||医||1020(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 福田 和彦, 教授 木村 剛, 教授 大森 孝一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Although intestinal involvement occurs in more than half of the cases with KS that are HIV positive, it is uncommon in the classical form, as it occurs in approximately 10% of the patients. We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient with a one-year disease time characterized by having violaceous lesions on the feet and the hands, slightly pruritic and 2 months of epigastralgia and constipation with weight loss of approximately 12 percent of his total body weight. In the physical examination multiple violaceous papule-like lesions are shown on the hands and the feet, some coalescing to form plaques. Laboratory tests revealed a mild normocytic normocytic anemia, the serology for viral hepatitis B and C was negative, HIV negative and ELISA test too. An upper endoscopy was performed and multiple maculopapular and erythematous-violaceous lesions were observed in the esoph-agus, the stomach and the duodenum. In the colonoscopy, multiple lesions with similar characteristics in the ileum, throughout the colon and in the rectum were recognized. The biopsy result was compatible with the KS in all lesions and it was confirmed with the positive HVV-8 immunohis-tochemistry. This case highlights the likelihood of presenting GI SK in elderly patients with gastrointestinal compromise and cutaneous findings, HIV negatives as well as the need to realize an adequate discarding by performing endoscopic studies with the biopsies to optimize treatment. / Revisión por pares

The postpartum period represents a high-risk period for body weight retention and obesity. Several studies have investigated the role of aerobic exercise on postpartum weight retention and other body composition outcomes; however, there has been little attention given to resistance training in postpartum women. Thus, the purpose of this four-month randomized study was to determine the effectiveness of resistance training on strength, body composition, return to pre-pregnancy weight, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postpartum women. Sixty postpartum women were randomly assigned to either a resistance training group or a comparison group. The resistance training group participated in a progressive resistance training program twice weekly for four months. The comparison group participated in a flexibility program twice weekly for four months. Strength changes were assessed for the upper body (bench press), lower body (leg press), and the core (abdominal curl-ups). Body composition, including BMD, was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Over the four-month study, the resistance training group demonstrated a 36.7% increase in bench press, a 31.1% increase in leg press, and a 222.6% increase in abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). The flexibility group improved by 7.7% for bench press, 6.6% for leg press, and by 43.0% for abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Group*period interactions were significant for the leg press, bench press, and abdominal curl-ups (p < 0.05). Both groups decreased in body weight, body fat percentage, and fat tissue (p < 0.05). Neither group significantly changed in lean tissue, whole body BMD, and hip BMD (p > 0.05). Group*period interactions were not significant for any body composition outcome (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a twice weekly resistance training program is superior to flexibility training to increase strength; however, resistance training may not be enough to influence body composition to a greater extent than flexibility training in postpartum women. More research is warranted.

Two conditions associated with ovarian depletion are increased potential for depressive episodes and increased abdominal weight gain. In five different experiments we examined the effect of soy-containing diets or equol injections on depression, serotonin levels, weight gain (BW) and white adipose tissue (WAT) deposition of female Long-Evans rats in various stages of life. Rats were intact, ovariectomized or experienced natural ovarian failure (NOF). While this paper will present each experiment, only experiment 5 is outlined here due to space limitations. From conception the rats were exposed to either a soy-rich (Phyto-600) or low-soy diet (Phyto-low). Animals experienced NOF at approximately 300 days. At 330 days-old animals underwent the Porsolt forced swim test (PFST). One month later (following 1 week of equol injections in Phyto-low fed animals) the animals were again tested in the PFST. Serum was collected before the first PFST and following the second PFST for serotonin and isoflavone analysis. This experiment demonstrated that animals fed a soy-rich diet have decreased BW and WAT compared to a low-soy diet. At the first PFST, the Phyto-low fed NOF females displayed increased immobility and lower serotonin levels compared to the Phyto-600 NOF females indicating the Phyto-low animals were more depressed than the Phyto-600 females. The second PFST demonstrated equol injection significantly increased both time mobile and serum serotonin levels in the Phyto-low fed rats suggesting that equol has antidepressant effects. This experiment demonstrated that isoflavone exposure has antiobesity-like effects. Furthermore, isoflavones (particularly equol) appear to have antidepressant potential in NOF females.

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