Title: Selected performance indicators of professional golf players. Objectives: The aim is to identify and describe the functional characteristics of elite golf players on the selected parameters of a body composition, a postural stability and a grip strength. Methods: The theoretical part has been processed on the basis of literature search. Participants were professional golf players and coaches (n = 36). Parameters of body composition were measured by the In Body 3.0 and the Datainput BIA 2000, the postural stability was measured by the pressure plate Footscan and the grip strength was measured by the hand dynamometer T.K.K. 5401. Results: In selected parameters of body composition and postural stability achieve elite golfer's good results. Especially in the parameters body mass index (BMI) and % fat came good to excellent results. The grip strength of hand located below on the "grip" is larger than the strength of hand located above on the "grip". The relation between game performance (level of HCP) and selected parameters was not confirmed. Only a slight relation between the HCP and the handgrip strength of hand based above on the "grip" were found. Keywords: Golf, performance, body composition, postural stability, grip strength.

Powerlifting is the sport of maximal effort of back squat, bench press and deadlift. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal body composition of female powerlifters. Body composition measurements were taken on the day of competition on women who competed in a raw powerlifting meet in United States Powerlifting Federation using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants’ powerlifting experience ranged from novice to world-class lifters. One hundred ninetyive women completed the study and ages ranged from 18 to 75 years old. Mean body fat percentage (BF%) of all powerlifters was 31.21% and body mass index was 26.68. Results showed an increase in BF% as weight classes increased from 47 kg to 84+ kg weight class. Novice lifters had 34 BF% and elite lifters had 31.1 BF% Women who had a high BF% could lift more based on their powerlifting total. Body composition varied among the women powerlifters.

Taste impacts the palatability and intake of food, which is influenced by several factors such as cultural and genetic factors. Individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and development of obesity. The differences in taste perception which impact dietary intake may lead to better understanding of obesity development and prevention of diet-related diseases. Obesity is one of the main causes for various health conditions in the United States as well as in the world. Genetic inheritance plays an important role in individual variations to taste and food choices. This study explored associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs713598 and rs10246939) in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene, dietary intake, and body fat percentage. Five hundred presumably healthy students aged 18-25 years, including 86 (17%) males and 414 (83%) females from Mississippi State University participated in the study. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis, participants completed dietary history questionnaires and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. All statistical analysis of data was conducted using SPSS software to examine associations between SNPs, food intake, and percentage of body fat. Our results did not show a significant association between the SNPs; rs713598 and rs10246939 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and dietary intake of vegetables and fruits as well as percentage of body fat in this group of participants. However, alcohol and caffeine intakes were significantly different between genotypes in rs713598; p< 0.01, p< 0.05, respectively.

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Probiotics/prebiotic supplementation represents a viable option for addressing systemic inflammation and chronic disease risk resulting from excessive body weight. The purpose of this feasibility study was to determine if 90-d of supplementation with prebiotic and probiotic could alter mRNA responsible for inflammation and subsequently metabolic health in weight stable overweight adults. Participants were advised to not change their diet or exercise habits during the study. All protocols were approved by the University IRB and participants gave written informed consent. Participants were randomly assigned to either placebo (N=7; rice flour) or combined (N=8) prebiotic (PreticX® Xylooligosaccharide; 0.8 g/d; ADIP) and probiotic (MegaDuo® Bacillus subtilis HU58 and Bacillus coagulans SC-208; 3 Billion CFU/d) and measurements were made at baseline, 30, 60, and 90-d. Whole body DXA scans (GE iDXA®) and blood 574-plex mRNA analysis (Nanostring®) were used to generate primary outcomes. Compared to placebo, supplementation was associated with a 36% reduction in visceral adipose tissue (p = 0.001). Supplement resulted in significant, differential expression of 15 mRNA associated with adipose tissue inflammation, systemic inflammation, and/or chronic disease risk. The key findings support that 90-d prebiotic/probiotic supplementation may be associated with an improved metabolic health, reduced adipose tissue inflammation, reduced systemic inflammation, and reduced chronic disease risk. Collectively these findings demonstrate the potential of a prebiotic/probiotic supplement to impact metabolic health risk independent of weight loss in free-living individuals.

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