Thesis (M.S.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2008. / Accompanied by .pdf, .jpg and .bmp files. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-127).

Introduktion: Barnfetma är en av vår tids största folkhälsoutmaningar och forskning har visat att övervikt hos barn kan leda till en lägre självuppskattad hälsa och sämre livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån ELSA-studiens hälsoenkät beskriva hälsan hos värmländska skolungdomar i årskurs sju samt sambandet mellan ungdomarnas BMI och hälsa. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ empirisk studie genomförd på 4381 värmländska skolelever i årskurs sju och en delstudie i projektet ELSA. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av deskriptiv och analytisk statistik. Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visade att värmländska skolungdomar i årskurs sju skattade sin hälsa högt. Flickor skattade sin hälsa något lägre än pojkar. Hälsan skattades signifikant lägre hos gruppen elever med fetma i jämförelse med mer normalviktiga elever. Elever med fetma var även mer missnöjda med sin kropp, åt inte frukost lika regelbundet och var mindre fysiskt aktiva. Konklusion: Denna studie visar att knappt en fjärdedel av alla värmländska elever i årskurs sju är överviktiga. Trots detta upplever skolungdomarna att de mår bra och skattar sin hälsa högt. / ELSA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_fg_me_botfm.pdf: 658656 bytes, checksum: f23c611294391eef1f038d38a4697646 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliar a atividade física em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama no pré-tratamento (através do recordatório das pacientes) e após tratamento desta patologia, por meio de questionário validado. Metodologia: Para este estudo clínico e analítico foram selecionadas 303 mulheres com idade entre 29 e 89 anos (pacientes em consultas médicas de rotina acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Mastologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu) no período de março 2006 à julho de 2007. Incluíram-se pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama (somente), em quaisquer estádios que já foram tratadas para câncer de mama (cirurgia e/ou radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia e/ou hormonioterapia). Foram excluídas pacientes em fase de diagnóstico inicial de câncer de mama (sem tratamento), pacientes com outros tipos de neoplasias malignas concomitantes. Todas foram submetidas ao International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version), onde foram classificadas em três níveis de atividade física (leve, moderada e intensa); obtivemos também através de questionário clínico/sócio-demográfico os seguintes dados: escolaridade, renda (salarial), religião, hipertensão, diabetes, problemas osteoarticulares, tipo de cirurgia (mastectomia ou conservadora), tipos de tratamento (quimioterapia, radioterapia e hormonioterapia), tempo de diagnóstico do câncer de mama, menopausa e tempo de menopausa; e através de prontuário obtivemos: idade, peso e altura. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) quando comparamos a atividade física das pacientes pré e pós-tratamento, e quando comparamos a atividade física com o período de cirurgia, nota-se claramente que as pacientes principalmente após o segundo ano de cirurgia melhoram gradativamente seus níveis de atividade física deixando de praticá-las em níveis leves, começando a praticá-las em níveis moderados e intensos (p=0,0365). / To assess physical activity in patients with breast cancer before (self-report) and after treatment through validated questionnaire. Method:, A total of 303 women aged 29-89 years attending routine follow up at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu Medical School) between March/2006 and July/2007 were enrolled in this clinical and analytical study. Women with breast cancer (alone) at any stage, previously submitted to breast cancer treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy) were included. Patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer (untreated) and those with other kinds of concurrent malignant neoplasia were excluded. All women were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Physical activity was classified as light, moderate and intense. Through a clinical/sociodemographic questionnaire, data were collected on schooling level, income (salary), religion choice, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarticulary problems, type of surgery (mastectomy or conservative), type of treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy), time since breast cancer diagnosis, menopause and time since menopause. Information such as age, weight and height was extracted from the patients’ medical records. Results: There was a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment physical activity (p<0,001). The assessment of physical activity at different postoperative times clearly showed that physical activity levels gradually increased from mild to moderate or intense(p=0,0365), especially after the second postoperative year. A significant increase (p<0,001) in the frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes and osteoarticulary problems) was observed after treatment of breast carcinoma, as well as in patients submitted to chemotherapy in comparison with those who did not receive this kind of treatment (p=0,006).

Issues of body image and ability to achieve intimacy are connected to body weight, yet remain largely unexplored and have not been evaluated by gender. The underlying purpose of this research was to determine if avoidant attitudes and perceptions of one’s body may hold implications toward its use in intimate interactions, and if an above average body weight would tend to increase this avoidance. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2002) finds that 64.5% of US adults are overweight, with 61.9% of women and 67.2% of men. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in men and women shows no reverse trend, nor have prevention and treatment proven effective in the long term. The researcher gathered self-reported age, gender, height and weight data from 55 male and 58 female subjects (determined by a prospective power analysis with a desired medium effect size (r =.30) to determine body mass index (BMI), determining a mean age of 21.6 years and mean BMI of 25.6. Survey instruments consisted of two scales that are germane to the variables being examined. They were (1) Descutner and Thelen of the University of Missouri’s (1991) Fear-of-Intimacy scale and (2) Rosen, Srebnik, Saltzberg, and Wendt’s (1991) Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire. Results indicated that as body mass index increases, fear of intimacy increases (p<0.05) and that as body mass index increases, body image avoidance increases (p<0.05). The relationship that as body image avoidance increases, fear of intimacy increases was not supported, but approached significance at (p<0.07). No differences in these relationships were determined between gender groups. For age, the only observed relationship was that of a difference between scores for age groups [18 to 22 (group 1) and ages 23 to 34 (group 2)] for the relationship of body image avoidance and fear of intimacy (p<0.02). The results suggest that the relationship of body image avoidance and fear of intimacy, as well as age, bear consideration toward the escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity. An integrative approach to body weight that addresses issues of body image and intimacy may prove effective in prevention and treatment.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第21894号 / 地博第240号 / 新制||地||89(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)准教授 古澤 拓郎, 教授 西渕 光昭, 教授 竹田 晋也, 准教授 坂本 龍太 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13324号 / 論医博第2192号 / 新制||医||1043(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 井上 治久, 教授 高橋 淳, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

There is an increasing need for research addressing the health concerns faced in cancer survivorship. Research has indicated that racial and ethnic minority cancer survivors are at increased risk for negative health outcomes, and some findings suggest that health literacy may play a role. Yet, few studies have explored how relations among heath information barriers, weight status, and health behaviors may differ by race and ethnicity in cancer survivors. Objectives: 1) To explore whether health information barriers are associated with weight status, cigarette use, and alcohol use among cancer survivors, 2) To explore the moderating role of race and ethnicity on the relationships among barriers to health information, weight status, cigarette use, and alcohol use among cancer survivors. Method: The current study involved secondary analysis of the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data from Louisiana. Results: Bivariate analyses revealed racial and ethnic minority survivors were more likely to report difficulties understanding health-related information. Regression analyses showed that having greater difficulty understanding information from health professionals was associated with higher BMI; however, none of the three health information barriers were associated with either smoking or alcohol use after controlling for demographic variables. In the present study, the causality assumption for moderation was not met, and for this reason analyses were not conducted to test the moderating effect of race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings suggest health literacy interventions targeting obesity may help improve health outcomes for cancer survivors, and minimize racial and ethnic disparities in health literacy.

Purpose: Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world. This study identified the proportion of our NHOPI sample in each body mass index (BMI) category and explored relationships between demographic characteristics and BMI. Design: This descriptive correlational study included 364 NHOPI caregiver adults in Utah (n=155) and Hawaii (n=209). We gathered demographic information with a questionnaire. Height and weight were measured for BMI calculations. Results: According to the CDC's BMI categories, 84.3% of our sample was overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9) or obese (BMI ≥30). Participants in Utah had significantly higher BMIs than participants in Hawaii. Educational attainment was inversely related with BMI; age, gender, and income were not significantly related with BMI. Implications for practice: Clinicians should screen all NHOPIs for obesity and related risks. Future research should focus on culturally sensitive interventions and education to reduce obesity and associated risks among NHOPIs.

In recent years, childhood obesity has increased to epidemic proportions across the United States (U.S.) in parallel with adult obesity, which often reflects poor dietary choices and bad nutritional habits. Nutrition literacy, which encompasses the constructs of nutrition knowledge and skills, is considered a basic tool for good dietary habits and health promotion undertakings; however, its more definitive relationship to adolescent children’s weight status is unknown. Most childrens’ weight status studies have focused solely on behavioral aspects of adolescent food intake, taking into consideration parental influence, peer pressure, and societal expectations. Studies evaluating the measurement of nutrition literacy with regard to adolescent weight status are non-existent. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent and adolescent nutrition literacy expressed as nutrition knowledge and skills, with total household income and parent level of education, as predictors of weight status in adolescents that live in a Florida community. The secondary purpose of this study was to examine the implications for nutrition literacy levels within parent/adolescent dyads to identify public health initiatives aimed at adult and adolescent populations. Parent/adolescent dyads were screened against inclusion criteria and 110 dyads were chosen to participate. Following informed consent from the parent and assent from the adolescent, demographic data were collected and the parent/adolescent participants were asked to complete two study instruments: the Nutrition Literacy Survey (NLS) testing nutrition knowledge (Diamond, 2007) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) assessing nutrition skills (Weiss, Mays, Martz, Castro, DeWalt, Pignone, Mockbee, Hale, et al., 2005). The written instruments were administered to both parents and the adolescent child simultaneously, directly following the collection of adolescent height and weight. iv First, paired t-tests were used to compare means for the NLS and NVS survey in parentadolescent dyads. Next, bivariate correlation scores were computed between the two variables of parent/adolescent NLS and NVS scores. Higher total correct scores indicated higher levels of nutrition knowledge, whereas lower total correct scores indicated lower nutrition knowledge. Next, a correlation analysis using the Pearson r correlation coefficient was computed to determine if a relationship existed between nutrition knowledge and nutrition skills in parentadolescent dyads. Lastly, regression models for examining adolescent BMI were compared with the independent variables of the study. The first model used standard multiple regression analysis to determine the correlation between parent/adolescent level of nutrition knowledge and parent/adolescent level of nutrition skills to children’s weight status (BMI). The second model used logistic regression analysis to determine if a correlation between parent/adolescent level of nutrition knowledge, parent/adolescent level of nutrition skills, and demographic characteristics, to children’s BMI could be predicted. The third model used the same procedure for logistic regression with all IV data as categorical data rather than actual values. Gender was included in the final model, since it was of relevance to BMI for adolescent populations. The study results indicate that adolescent male participants had higher BMI (27 + 3.48) than females (24 + 2.90), t(108) = 4.83, (p = < .001). The results suggest that percentage underweight/normal weight for males (32.8%) and females (75.5%) and percentage overweight/obese for males (67.2%) and females (24.5%) differed comparatively between the two groups, with a larger percentage of adolescent males having greater BMI than female adolescents. The mean Nutrition Literacy Scale score (M=19) for parent (adult) study participants indicated low overall levels of general nutrition knowledge whereas the mean Nutrition Literacy v Scale score (M=21.7) for adolescent study participants demonstrated slightly greater aptitude for general nutrition knowledge than parental scores. The mean Newest Vital Sign score (M=4.1) for parents suggests adequate levels of nutrition skills. Likewise, the mean Newest Vital Sign score (M= 4.1) for adolescents suggests adequate levels of nutrition skills, similar to scores attained in the adult population. Spearman rho correlations yielded positive correlations between parents’ nutrition knowledge and adolescents’ nutrition knowledge, (rs = .224, p = .019), and parents’ nutrition knowledge and skills (rs = .596, p < .001). Positive correlations were also noted between adolescents’ nutrition knowledge and parents’ nutrition skills (rs = .257, p = .007) and adolescents’ nutrition knowledge and nutrition skills (rs = .260. p = .006). For the first model, a multiple regression was calculated to predict BMI from parent/adolescent nutrition knowledge and parent/adolescent nutrition skills. These variables did not statistically predict adolescent BMI, F(4,109) = .348, p < .845, R2 = .013. All four variables did not significantly add to the prediction, p < .05. In the second model, a logistic regression was computed to predict adolescent underweight/normal weight and overweight/obese from parent/adolescent nutrition knowledge and parent/adolescent nutrition skills, household income, and parent education level. These variables did not statistically predict adolescent weight status, (χ2 (6) =3.31, p = .769; -2 Log Likelihood 149.036; R2 .03; Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit χ2 (8) = 12.36, p = .136). In the third model, a logistic regression was calculated to predict adolescent underweight/normal weight and overweight/obese from parent/adolescent nutrition knowledge and parent/adolescent nutrition skills, household income, and parent education level, and adolescent gender. These variables did not statistically predict adolescent weight status, (χ2 (11) vi = 14.506, p = .206; -2 Log Likelihood 137.841; R2 .124; Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-ofFit χ2 (8) = 10.864, p = .210. Analysis of regression coefficients indicates none of the variables demonstrated significance. The results of the study suggest that parents and adolescents may have similar amounts of nutrition literacy when examining the constructs of nutrition knowledge and skills; however, BMI is not solely dependent on these skill sets. Gender may play an important role in the prediction of BMI in adolescents. Examination of the factors that influence parents and children’s weight status are important elements in shaping families adoption of sound dietary habits and improving health outcomes

The objective of this study was to investigate associations between injury-related kinematic parameters and overweight measures for youth baseball pitchers. The injury-related kinematic parameters considered were measurements 1) at foot contact: stride length, front foot position, shoulder external rotation, shoulder abduction, and elbow flexion; 2) between FC and ball release: peak knee extension; and 3) at BR: shoulder abduction. Data from three separate collection sites examined pitching mechanics of 18 10- to 11-year-old pitchers, 11 14- to 16-year-old pitchers, and 104 16- to 18-year-old pitchers Linear regression analyses were performed to determine significant correlations between kinematic parameters and body mass index (BMI) for each of the three age groups (10- to 11-year-olds, 14- to 16-year-olds, 16- to 18-year-olds). The significant findings were 1) for 10- to 11-year-old pitchers, stride length was negatively correlated with BMI and front foot position was positively correlated with BMI and 2) for 16- to 18-year-old pitchers, shoulder external rotation was negatively correlated with BMI and elbow flexion was positively correlated with BMI. A key clinical implication of this study is that select kinematic parameters have been identified that could guide coaches and trainers when working with overweight pitchers. In addition, select kinematic parameters of concern have been identified for different age ranges.