The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term weighted vest exercise on hip bone mass, functional ability and static balance in elderly women. This was a within subject exercise intervention study and included a 6-month control period. Twenty-three subjects (age 85 �� 6) were recruited and observed for 6-months, then debar a 9-month exercise program. Due to attrition during the control period, five subjects were recruited to add to the exercise group. Training entailed three supervised exercise sessions per week for nine-months designed to overload the lower extremity neuromuscular system. Training stimulus was one of two sets of six to twelve repetitions using weighted vests for progressive resistance. Measurements for bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR-1000/W). Static balance measurements were made using the Biodex Stability System. Functional ability tests consisted of: leg strength and power (chair raises and sit to stand) and gait speed (tandem, wide and narrow gait and circular path) and was assessed monthly for six months. Comparisons were conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant improvements were observed for chair raises 13%, sit to stand 13%, tandem gait 30%, wide gait 22%, narrow gait 20% and circular path 20% following the exercise period. No significant changes were detected (p>0.05) for BMD at the femoral neck and trochanter, but BMD was maintained during the exercise period. Further, there was a trend for improved body composition in the exercise versus the control period. Static balance did not change following the observational or exercise period. In conclusion, a practical exercise program of lower extremity training using weighted vests for resistance improves functional ability in women over 75 years of age. Since improved may function transfer to improved postural stability, these results have important implications for design of exercise programs to reduce fall risk in the elderly. / Graduation date: 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body (WB) and proximal femurs of physically active men with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to nonactive men with spinal cord injuries. Also, the lean muscle mass (LMM) of active men with SCI was compared to the LMM of nonactive men with SCI. In addition, BMD values of the radii of physically active men with SCI were compared to that of able bodied men of the same age. The subjects N. 46 were between the age of 20-55 (��=37.83 �� 6.63 years), and were at least 2 years post spinal cord injury. Subjects with SCI were matched on similar level of lesion of the spinal cord, age, height, weight, and years post injury for the purpose of analyzing data. There were 14 active men with paraplegia and 14 nonactive men with paraplegia, 9 active men with quadriplegia and 9 nonactive men with quadriplegia. All BMD data was obtained utilizing a Hologic QDR 1000W dual energy x-ray absorptiometer. A two-factor (level by group) analysis of variance revealed no significant difference for all sites (Whole body, Total hip, radii, LMM) comparing the active and nonactive men with SCI. T-scores and z-scores generated from the Ho logic QDR 1000/W were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA (level by group). The active men with paraplegia had significantly higher BMD levels for all sites when compared to the other groups. These values may be explained by the number of incomplete injuries in the experimental group. Subjects in the physically active group did not clearly show a statistically significant difference on any of the dependent measures. However, values for the dependent measures were higher for the physically active group compared to the values of the nonactive group. / Graduation date: 1995

Low-energy trauma and fragility fractures represent a major public health problem. The societal cost of the fragility fractures that occurred in Sweden 2010 has been estimated at €4 billion. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patient outcomes have improved greatly in recent years. However, the therapeutic decision making is still hampered by a lack of effective validated biomarkers. The cost of RA in Sweden 2010 has been estimated at €600 million, of which biologic drugs was €180 million. Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) is a method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the metacarpals of the hand. It can be applied opportunistically in several workflows where a person is already at an X-ray machine, including fracture repositioning follow up, mammography screening and hand imaging in RA. This thesis explored DXR-BMD as a marker to identify individuals who would benefit from anti-osteoporotic treatment, change rate of DXR-BMD as a biomarker in RA and under what conditions historical X-ray images can be used to estimate DXR-BMD. An automated method for measurement of joint space width in metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints was also developed and evaluated as a biomarker in RA. Low DXR-BMD was predictive for hip fractures and predicted fragility fractures to a comparable degree as other BMD measurement sites. Rapid decrease of DXR-BMD was a strong and independent predictor for progression of radiographic damage in RA when manual radiographic progression scores were not available. Change of metacarpal joint space width was a statistically significant but weak predictor of joint space narrowing score progression. Guidelines and considerations for use of historical X-ray radiographs for DXR-BMD measurements in clinical trials have been developed and published.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Health and Exercise Science, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-63).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56).

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-89). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

No description available.

Submitted by Beatriz Almeida Rodrigues null (beatrizalmeidarodrigues@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-11T11:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação mestrado Bia .pdf: 890496 bytes, checksum: b8cfd0081be535752ecf08818cb57d99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-12T14:08:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ba_me_jabo.pdf: 890496 bytes, checksum: b8cfd0081be535752ecf08818cb57d99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T14:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ba_me_jabo.pdf: 890496 bytes, checksum: b8cfd0081be535752ecf08818cb57d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / A obesidade é um dos principais desafios para a saúde mundial e apresenta alta prevalência no homem e animais de companhia. Considerando a relevância dessa enfermidade, realizamos a presente pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar o peso corporal, circunferência abdominal, índice de Lee, composição corporal, índice de Seedor, densidade mineral e resistência óssea de ratos Wistar tratados com dieta hipercalórica associada ou não à laranja vermelha, Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck. O grupo que recebeu somente dieta hipercalórica apresentou menor massa magra em relação aos demais. Os animais tratados com fitoterápico associado à dieta hipercalórica apresentaram redução significativa na porcentagem de gordura em relação ao grupo tratado somente com dieta hipercalórica. Nos ensaios biomecânicos do úmero e fêmur não houve diferença na força máxima de ruptura, embora, no ensaio de compressão houve tendência de maior fragilidade óssea da cabeça do fêmur em ratos tratados somente com dieta hipercalórica. A associação de antocianinas, ácidos hidroxicinâmicos e vitamina C não interfere na densidade mineral óssea e na resistência biomecânica do úmero de ratos tratados com dieta padrão ou hipercalórica no período de cinco meses. Indivíduos resistentes à mudança de hábitos alimentares poderiam ser beneficiados pelo uso prolongado das antocianinas graças ao aumento da massa magra e redução da porcentagem de gordura após tratamento prolongado com laranja vermelha. / Obesity is a major challenge to global health and is highly prevalent in humans and pets. Considering the importance of this disease, we carried out this research in order to evaluate body weight, waist circumference, Lee index, body composition, Seedor index, mineral density and bone strength of Wistar rats treated with high calorie diet with or without orange red, Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck. We note that the animal that received only calorie diet showed less lean mass than the others. In addition, animals treated with herbal associated with calorie diet showed significant reduction in body fat percentage compared to the group treated only with high calorie diet. In biomechanical testing of the humerus and femur there was no difference in maximum breaking strength, although the compression test tended increased bone fragility of the femoral head in rats treated only with high calorie diet. The association anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids and vitamin C does not interfere with bone mineral density and biomechanical strength of the humerus rats treated with standard hypercaloric diet during five months of treatment. Resistant individuals to changing eating habits could benefit by prolonged use of anthocyanins through increased lean mass and decreased body fat percentage after prolonged treatment with red orange.