In recent years, new regulations and stronger competition have further increased the importance of stochastic asset-liability management (ALM) models for life insurance firms. However, the often complex nature of life insurance contracts makes modeling to a challenging task, and insurance firms often struggle with models quickly becoming too complicated and inefficient. There is therefore an interest in investigating if, in fact, certain traits of financial ratios could be exposed through a more efficient model. In this thesis, a discrete time stochastic model framework, for the simulation of simplified balance sheets of life insurance products, is proposed. The model is based on a two-factor stochastic capital market model, supports the most important product characteristics, and incorporates a reserve-dependent bonus declaration. Furthermore, a first approach to endogenously model customer transitions is proposed, where realized policy returns are used for assigning transition probabilities. The model's sensitivity to different input parameters, and ability to capture the most important behaviour patterns, are demonstrated by the use of scenario and sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, based on the findings from these analyses, suggestions for improvements and further research are also presented. / Införandet av nya regelverk och ökad konkurrens har medfört att stokastiska ALM-modeller blivit allt viktigare för livförsäkringsbolag. Den ofta komplexa strukturen hos försäkringsprodukter försvårar dock modelleringen, vilket gör att många modeller anses vara för komplicerade samt ineffektiva, av försäkringsbolagen. Det finns därför ett intresse i att utreda om egenskaper hos viktiga finansiella nyckeltal kan studeras utifrån en mer effektiv och mindre komplicerad modell. I detta arbete föreslås ett ramverk för stokastisk modellering av en förenklad version av balansräkningen hos typiska livförsäkringsbolag. Modellen baseras på en stokastisk kapitalmarknadsmodell, med vilken såväl aktiepriser som räntenivåer simuleras. Vidare så stödjer modellen simulering av de mest väsentliga produktegenskaperna, samt modellerar kundåterbäring som en funktion av den kollektiva konsolideringsgraden. Modellens förmåga att fånga de viktigaste egenskaperna hos balansräkningens ingående komponenter undersöks med hjälp av scenario- och känslighetsanalyser. Ytterligare undersöks även huruvida modellen är känslig för förändringar i olika indata, där fokus främst tillägnas de parametrar som kräver mer avancerade skattningsmetoder.

員工分紅制度用以激勵員工，卻對股東權益有『稀釋效果』，其對股東財富之關係如何？本研究將探討員工分紅制度是否能提高公司的市場績效與財務績效，進而彌補因為稀釋效果所造成股東報酬的減少。此外，本研究認為企業在制訂員工分紅政策時，必定會受到公司特性的影響，故本研究亦探討公司特性與員工分紅政策之間是否具有關連性。實證結果發現，員工分紅制度與公司績效之關連性方面，現金紅利與會計績效間呈現正向相互影響，與市場績效呈現負向相互影響，而股票紅利與市場績效間存有負向相互影響，且無法顯著提升會計績效。員工分紅政策與公司特性之關連性方面，公司規模、人力資源重要性、成長機會與員工紅利成現正相關，唯成長機會與現金紅利無顯著相關。 / The employee bonus policy in Taiwan makes manifest contribution to the upgrade of local high-tech firms. Such policy attracts eminent employees while causing direct losses to the equity of stockholders. Is it definitely a good policy? This study investigates if this policy improves firms’ accounting performance and market performance and if there exists an association between the employee bonus policy and firms’ characteristics. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the employee bonus and accounting performance, but accounting performance doesn’t have significant positive effect on stock bonus. Negative association between the employee bonus and accounting performance exists, but the negative relationship between cash bonus and market performance is not significant. The firm size, importance of human resource and opportunity of growth all have positive effects on the employee bonus, but opportunity of growth has no significant effect on cash bonus.