A desigualdade sócio-especial é uma característica distinta do Brasil que se expressa em diferentes formas, seja no acesso à educação, à saúde, à política ou à disponibilidade de renda e bens materiais. Estas desigualdades, muitas vezes, são determinantes para limitar as oportunidades dos indivíduos a uma vida longa, saudável e produtiva. No Brasil observa-se um elevado número de óbitos que ocorrem precocemente, reduzindo a expectativa de vida e impactando negativamente no desenvolvimento humano. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o padrão de mortalidade por causas externas na região da faixa de fronteira brasileira entre os anos de 2000 e 2005, abordando o impacto no desenvolvimento humano, em relação aos determinantes geográficos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e temporais. Para a caracterização, a mortalidade foi estratificada por sexo, faixa etária e agregada em regiões e sub-regiões, utilizando o coeficiente de mortalidade geral-CMG, coeficiente de mortalidade específico e a razão de mortalidade proporcional-RPM e Anos potenciais de vida perdidos-APVP e, para a mensuração do impacto da mortalidade por causas externas no desenvolvimento humano, o valor da perda de produção bruta-VPPB e o índice de desenvolvimento humano-IDH. Materiais e Métodos. Este estudo descritivo, do tipo ecológico, considerou como unidades de informação os 588 municipios contidos na faixa de fronteira, agrupados em 3 regiões e 19 sub-regiões. Os dados referentes à mortalidade do capítulo XX do CID-10 foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade-SIM para as causas básicas classificadas entre V01 e Y34 selecionados por municípios de residência. As populações dos municípios e projeções, em intervalos qüinqüenais, foram obtidas no Ministério da Saúde/DATASUS os dados referentes ao PIB municipal foram obtidos no site do IBG e relacionados aos dados não-espaciais em Sistemas de Informações geográficas-SIG para produção de representações cartográficas. Para a representação do contexto em que se insere o assunto estudado foram calculados indicadores de mortalidade e desenvolvimento. Resultados. As causas de óbitos de maior freqüência foram aquelas relacionadas à violência e aos acidentes, representadas pelas agressões (armas de fogo e objetos cortantes/penetrantes), acidentes de transporte, lesões e autoprovocadas e afogamento e submersão acidental, principalmente do sexo masculino entre 20 e 49 anos. A exclusão das causas externas do calculo do IDH mostrou impacto pouco significativo na classificação das sub-regiões, porém com ganhos médios anuais referentes a longevidade chegaram a 4%5 na região Norte reduzindo-se gradativamente na direção da região sul. / The sócio-spatial inequality is a distinctive feature of Brazil that expresses itself in different forms, such as access to education, health, politics or the availability of income and material goods. These inequalities often are crucial to limit the opportunities of individuals to a long life, healthy and productive. In Brazil there is a high number of deaths that occur early, reducing life expectancy and impacting negatively on human development. This work aims to study the pattern of mortality from external causes in the region along Brazil between the years 2000 and 2005, approach the impact on human development, for determining geographic, , demographic, socioeconomic and time. To characterize mortality was stratified by sex, age and aggregate into regions and subregions, using the General Mortality Rate-GMR, Specific Mortality Rate-SMR, Proportional Mortality Ratio and Potencial years of Life Lost-PYLL, to measure the impact of mortality from external causes in human development, the value of lost production Gross-LPG and the Human Development Index-HDI. Methods: This descriptive study of the ecological type, considered as units information the 588 municipalities in the border area, grouped into three regions and 19 subregions. Data for mortality form chapter XX of ICD-10 were obtained from the Mortality Information System -SIM for the underlying causes ranked among V01 and Y34, selected by city of residence. The population of the municipalities and projections in five year intervals, were obtained from the ministry of health / DATASUS The data on GDP were obtained from the municipal site of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Data on education were obtained from the Ministry of Education. The geo-referenced vector maps of Brazil were obtained from the IBGE\'s website and related to non spatial data in Geographic Information Systems-Gis for the production of cartographic representations. To represent the context in which it appears the subject studied were calculated mortality rates and development. Results: The causes of deaths most often were those related to violence and accidents, represented by the assault (firearms and sharp objects / piercing), transport accidents, self harm and accidental drowning and submersion, mostly males between 20 and 49 years. The exclusion of external causes of calculating the HDI showed negligible impact on the classification of subregions, but with average annual income related to longevity reached 4.5% in the North reduces gradually toward the South.

A desigualdade sócio-especial é uma característica distinta do Brasil que se expressa em diferentes formas, seja no acesso à educação, à saúde, à política ou à disponibilidade de renda e bens materiais. Estas desigualdades, muitas vezes, são determinantes para limitar as oportunidades dos indivíduos a uma vida longa, saudável e produtiva. No Brasil observa-se um elevado número de óbitos que ocorrem precocemente, reduzindo a expectativa de vida e impactando negativamente no desenvolvimento humano. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o padrão de mortalidade por causas externas na região da faixa de fronteira brasileira entre os anos de 2000 e 2005, abordando o impacto no desenvolvimento humano, em relação aos determinantes geográficos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e temporais. Para a caracterização, a mortalidade foi estratificada por sexo, faixa etária e agregada em regiões e sub-regiões, utilizando o coeficiente de mortalidade geral-CMG, coeficiente de mortalidade específico e a razão de mortalidade proporcional-RPM e Anos potenciais de vida perdidos-APVP e, para a mensuração do impacto da mortalidade por causas externas no desenvolvimento humano, o valor da perda de produção bruta-VPPB e o índice de desenvolvimento humano-IDH. Materiais e Métodos. Este estudo descritivo, do tipo ecológico, considerou como unidades de informação os 588 municipios contidos na faixa de fronteira, agrupados em 3 regiões e 19 sub-regiões. Os dados referentes à mortalidade do capítulo XX do CID-10 foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade-SIM para as causas básicas classificadas entre V01 e Y34 selecionados por municípios de residência. As populações dos municípios e projeções, em intervalos qüinqüenais, foram obtidas no Ministério da Saúde/DATASUS os dados referentes ao PIB municipal foram obtidos no site do IBG e relacionados aos dados não-espaciais em Sistemas de Informações geográficas-SIG para produção de representações cartográficas. Para a representação do contexto em que se insere o assunto estudado foram calculados indicadores de mortalidade e desenvolvimento. Resultados. As causas de óbitos de maior freqüência foram aquelas relacionadas à violência e aos acidentes, representadas pelas agressões (armas de fogo e objetos cortantes/penetrantes), acidentes de transporte, lesões e autoprovocadas e afogamento e submersão acidental, principalmente do sexo masculino entre 20 e 49 anos. A exclusão das causas externas do calculo do IDH mostrou impacto pouco significativo na classificação das sub-regiões, porém com ganhos médios anuais referentes a longevidade chegaram a 4%5 na região Norte reduzindo-se gradativamente na direção da região sul. / The sócio-spatial inequality is a distinctive feature of Brazil that expresses itself in different forms, such as access to education, health, politics or the availability of income and material goods. These inequalities often are crucial to limit the opportunities of individuals to a long life, healthy and productive. In Brazil there is a high number of deaths that occur early, reducing life expectancy and impacting negatively on human development. This work aims to study the pattern of mortality from external causes in the region along Brazil between the years 2000 and 2005, approach the impact on human development, for determining geographic, , demographic, socioeconomic and time. To characterize mortality was stratified by sex, age and aggregate into regions and subregions, using the General Mortality Rate-GMR, Specific Mortality Rate-SMR, Proportional Mortality Ratio and Potencial years of Life Lost-PYLL, to measure the impact of mortality from external causes in human development, the value of lost production Gross-LPG and the Human Development Index-HDI. Methods: This descriptive study of the ecological type, considered as units information the 588 municipalities in the border area, grouped into three regions and 19 subregions. Data for mortality form chapter XX of ICD-10 were obtained from the Mortality Information System -SIM for the underlying causes ranked among V01 and Y34, selected by city of residence. The population of the municipalities and projections in five year intervals, were obtained from the ministry of health / DATASUS The data on GDP were obtained from the municipal site of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Data on education were obtained from the Ministry of Education. The geo-referenced vector maps of Brazil were obtained from the IBGE\'s website and related to non spatial data in Geographic Information Systems-Gis for the production of cartographic representations. To represent the context in which it appears the subject studied were calculated mortality rates and development. Results: The causes of deaths most often were those related to violence and accidents, represented by the assault (firearms and sharp objects / piercing), transport accidents, self harm and accidental drowning and submersion, mostly males between 20 and 49 years. The exclusion of external causes of calculating the HDI showed negligible impact on the classification of subregions, but with average annual income related to longevity reached 4.5% in the North reduces gradually toward the South.

In this thesis, I reflect on the ethical and theoretical foundations of researching (and re-searching) sexualized violence with Indigenous girls in remote communities in northern British Columbia, Canada, through a project called Sisters Rising, an Indigenous-led, community-based research study focused on centering Indigenous teachings related to sovereignty and gender well-being. Through an emergent methodology drawing from witnessing and borderland feminisms to conduct arts- and land-based workshops with girls and community members, I sought to unsettle my relationships as a diasporic frontline worker to the communities and lands I work with. To disrupt traditional hegemonic discourses of settler colonialism, I look to arts-based and collective witnessing, reflecting on how alternative, safer spaces for Indigenous girls can be created for resistance and (re)storying connections to land and relationships. / Graduate / 2020-09-12

Sedan införandet av förskoleklassen har denna frivilliga skolform blivit omdiskuterad. Olika utredningar och forskningsprojekt visar att det finns otydligheter kring syfte och uppdrag för förskoleklassens verksamhet som i sin tur påverkar lärarens roll i förskoleklassen. Förskoleklassen betecknas som någonting mellan förskolan och skolan och befinner sig i ett gränsland i vilket förskolans och skolans kultur möts. Syfte med den här studien är att undersöka hur skolledare uppfattar och funderar över lärarens roll i förskoleklassen. Skolledare tillhör en beslutformande yrkesgrupp inom skolvärlden och därmed utövar inflytande på vem som arbetar i förskoleklassen. Studien är baserad på öppna och kvalitativa intervjuer med fem skolledare och analysen är utförd utifrån ett fenomenografisk och hermeneutisk forskningsansats. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt för studien används gränslandsteori. Resultatet visar att skolledares uppfattningar kring lärarens roll kopplas till uppdraget för förskoleklassens verksamhet. Andra centrala begrepp som diskuteras i samband med lärarens roll i förskoleklassen är kompetens, samverkan, yrkesstatus och läroplanen. Skolledares uppfattningar visar båda likheter och skillnader. Samtidigt framkommer det att i sina resonemang skolledare rör sig i gränslandet.

This doctoral project is an analytical study of South African writer, Nadine Gordimer's fiction produced from 1949 to 1994. She presents a theme similar to the post-colonial critic, Homi Bhabha's notion of borderland which he propounds as a place of creativity and cultural hybridity in his work The Location of Culture (1994). The "borderland" in Gordimer's fiction acts as a liminal space and becomes a connective tissue in her characters' lives. It emerges in the form of crossing physical frontiers and mental barriers which existed in South African society. Through moments of transition, Gordimer makes her characters aware of a liberal person's marginal position, between the reactionary colonial past and the "inbetween-ness" of the borderland in radical future of South Africa. Along with this introductory background, Chapter One establishes the dual working of physical and psychological processes through which Gordimer develops the theme of "borderland" in her fiction. The subsequent three chapters focus on the variety in the presentation of "borderland" encounters in her fiction written before and after Sharpeville (1960). The thesis concludes that the dual development of physical and psychological processes is a central narrative strategy which determines a link between chronology and the presentation of "borderland" in Gordimer's fiction.

This dissertation concentrates on the history of frontiers, borderlands, and empires in Eastern and Central Europe in the eighteenth century. While the existing literature examines mainly ideological and political competitions among the empires for land, resources, and the stateless population; I explore more physical and material spheres of rivalry such as border security, economy and public health. This dissertation explores the politics of the Russian Empire in these spheres in the eighteenth century. It argues that the policies of improvement in migration control, border infrastructure, and health care promoted by the government of Catherine II allowed the empire to incorporate its borderland with Poland-Lithuania and attract the local population more swiftly and effectively than did political repressions, ideological propaganda, or forced cultural assimilation. / History

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur konsulter upplever sin arbetssituation i gränslandet mellan två organisationer, bemanningsföretaget och kundföretaget. För att analysera detta har vi utforskat olika mekanismer som påverkar konsulters formella tillhörighet samt deras känsla av tillhörighet respektive utestängning hos kundföretagen. Vi har för att genomföra denna studie använt oss av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, där vi utfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex konsulter som arbetar inom bemanningsbranschen. Vi har kommit fram till att konsulters formella tillhörighet finns hos båda företagen samtidigt som den känslomässiga tillhörigheten ligger hos kundföretaget. Konsulters situation i gränslandet mellan organisationer är problematisk, främst på grund av en komplex tillhörighet. Vi har kommit fram till att konsulter oftast känner sig som en del av den sociala gemenskapen då de är ute på uppdrag, men att chefer ofta drar en skiljelinje mellan konsulter och fast anställd personal. Chefernas åtskiljande gör att konsulter inte blir en del av kundföretaget på samma villkor som fast anställd personal, och leder delvis till ett utanförskap för konsulter. Det positiva med bemanningsbranschen har visat sig vara dess flexibilitet. Dock visar våra resultat att ju längre konsulter arbetat i bemanningsbranschen desto mer negativt inställda blir de. Våra resultat visar att konsulter, oberoende av om de trivs i branschen eller ej, inte ser en framtid inom den. Arbetet som konsult ses som en tillfällig lösning, med förhoppning om att i framtiden få en fast anställning. / The purpose of this essay is to explore how consultants experience their work situation on the borderland between two organizations, the staffing agency and the client company. To analyze this, we have explored different mechanisms that affect consultants' formal affiliation, and their sense of belonging and exclusion in client companies.We have used a qualitative approach, in which we held semi-structured interviews with six consultants working in the staffing industry. Our conclusion is that consultants have formal affiliation to both companies, while the emotional affiliation is to the client company. The situation on the border between organizations is somewhat problematic, mainly because of the complex feeling of affiliation. We have concluded that consultants often feel like a part of the social community while they are leased out, but that managers often draw a distinction between consultants and permanent staff. The separation done by managers does not allow consultants to become part of the client company on the same terms and conditions as permanent staff, which partly produce exclusion of consultants. The main positive aspect of the staffing industry is its flexibility. However, our results show that the longer a consultant has worked in the staffing industry, the more negative they become. Our results showed that consultants, regardless of whether they thrive in the industry or not, do not want to have a future in it. Working as a consultant seems to be a temporary solution, while hoping to find a permanent job in the future.

in English Germany has a long history of political fragmentation, with local and regional identities playing a crucial role in the making of Germanhood. In the last decades, historical scholarship has depicted the process of rallying local identities to the national cause. Dealing with this issue is essential because it shows the variety of the concept of Heimat [home or local homeland]1 in various territories of imperial Germany. Nevertheless, this process on the local level was not yet thoroughly examined in the case of the Giant Mountains' region before the First World War. Due to to its geographical position and the strong local cohesion shaping the homeland, this case study enables to further such historical researches, which often concentrates on the German historical regions, and not on the study of a local territory shaped by tourism. The object of the following thesis is to question the meanings assigned to the notion of Heimat in the Silesian Giant Mountains for the local activists and inhabitants, and thus, to write the history of the construction of Heimat. By using a methodology based upon different disciplines (respectively, the French "géohistoire", literary theory, sociology), the research analyses many phenomena attached to other and recent historiographic domains, such as...

The presented diploma thesis deals with the effects of the Czech-German relict border on the religiosity and the sacral landscape of the city region called Manetin, which consists of the permanent Czech territory and the Nectiny village of German historical origin. The theoretical introduction of this work therefore includes a part dedicated to the topic of borders, introducing different types of borders, focusing particularly on the terms relict and ethnic borders used in the further study. The second part of the theoretical introduction contains the characteristics of the religiosity and the sacral landscape, its evolution on the national level after the Second World War, highlighting the consequent processes related to the exile of the German population after 1945. The research section of the thesis consists of the micro-regional analysis of the reference region. The analysis is based on the field study and semi-structured interviews, which were complemented by the demographic statistics. The main aim of the investigation presented in the thesis is to analyze the differences in the religiosity and the sacral landscape in the regions under study through the chosen methodological approaches and consequently to evaluate the continuity of the relict border existence. Key words: relict border,...

Diploma thesis surveys South Moravian countryside. The importance of the close connection with people who live there on a spiritual and intellectual level. There is a forbidden place in former Sudetenland, island in the fields - ruin of farmstead. Project found it interesting to keep it in solitude, but as a place of meditation. Project of the small monastery and the community of people helping in hospice.