The presented diploma thesis deals with the effects of the Czech-German relict border on the religiosity and the sacral landscape of the city region called Manetin, which consists of the permanent Czech territory and the Nectiny village of German historical origin. The theoretical introduction of this work therefore includes a part dedicated to the topic of borders, introducing different types of borders, focusing particularly on the terms relict and ethnic borders used in the further study. The second part of the theoretical introduction contains the characteristics of the religiosity and the sacral landscape, its evolution on the national level after the Second World War, highlighting the consequent processes related to the exile of the German population after 1945. The research section of the thesis consists of the micro-regional analysis of the reference region. The analysis is based on the field study which consists of semi-structured interviews, which were complemented by the descriptive statistical analysis and method of observing the condition and location of sacral objects. The main aim of the investigation presented in the thesis is to analyze the differences in the religiosity and the sacral landscape in the regions under study through the chosen methodological approaches and...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第21904号 / 地博第250号 / 新制||地||92(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科グローバル地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 河野 泰之, 教授 藤倉 達郎, 教授 藤田 幸一, 教授 竹田 晋也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Robin Rašín The Landscape of the Czech-Austrian Borderland: Development and Heritage Summary Roztoky u Křivoklátu 2010 1 Landscape is a key geographical concept and geographical research on land change and land use has a tradition that can be dated back for almost a hundred years. The development of the subject orientation of land change science can be divided into two phases. (i) During the first phase (50's/60's of the 20th century) the description of landscape and its morphology (structure) were at the centre of research interest along with the research of the potential for agro-production. This particular type of study was motivated by the need to find a solution to the problem of the increasing inability to supply a growing (European) population with agricultural products. (ii) In the second phase (circa from 70's of the 20th century), the attention of scientists towards the accelerated rate of land change on a global scale that can be associated with: the increase of human population, changes in agricultural techniques, mining, environmental exploitation et cetera. There is an obvious need to solve the negative impacts of the human activities on the landscape at different scales (from local to...

The diploma thesis deals with topic of relict Czech-German ethnic boundary. In the first part of the thesis theoretical-methodological aspects of the study are discussed with an emphasis on delimitation of Czech-German ethnic boundary in literature. In the past the tendency to draw ethnic boundary as a line prevailed and it was common not to deal with zonal character of ethnic boundaries. In the second part of the thesis the shape of Czech- German ethnic boundary in the Czech lands and its changes from the end of the 19th century to 2001 are studied. In the third part of the thesis the shape of Czech-German ethnic boundary in chosen interest regions is analyzed, and the function of ethnic boundary as a socio-cultural divide of a territory is considered. The aim of the study was to find out if there are differences between Czech and German community in the interest regions. The function of ethnic boundary as a socio-cultural divide was examined in two periods: in an interwar era of the first Czechoslovak republic, and at the beginning of the 21st century, when Czech-German ethnic boundary remains only as a relict boundary. Comparison of both parts along the ethnic boundary in the interest regions was done on the basis of religiosity of population and results of parliamentary elections. Key words:...

The general aim of this thesis is to estimate nature of the man - landscape relationship in selected parts of the Novohradsko region. In the process of working on this thesis, many aspects, which could influence this connection, were considered. One of them was the forced transfer of German population from Czechoslovakia to Germany and Austria after World War II. Different extent of this process was the key to selection of the studied cadastral units. These cadasters were examined from the point of landscape changes and various landscape heritage comparison. The reason for this study was the complexity of the man - landscape relationship and the different aspects which can determine the nature of it. The results were confronted with the local people's perception by interviews. The thesis is structured into several parts. One of the crucial is the theoretical chapter, which presents the various attitudes to landscape, mainly those which emphasize land use discipline, landscape heritage, landscape memory and territorial identity. All these phenomenons appear in the other parts of the thesis. At first, the land use analysis in the South-Bohemian Borderland is made, then selected cadasters are examined in this way as well. An overview of the most important landscape heritage in those units follows....

This thesis deals with the status of civil society in the Sudetenland. The issue of living in the borderlands is examined in the context of historical events and is related with political, cultural and social transformations. Theoretical work is focused both on defining the problem of the Sudetenland and the traditions of thought to grasp the concept of civil society on the basis of which is derived the current definition of civil society and its other prerequisites. The first part of the theoretical work maps the development of civil sector and the importance of community life in the context of Czech historical events, the second discusses the development of Czech-German coexistence with emphasis on the interwar and postwar events and developement. The practical part, which carries a crucial part of field research, is based on interviews with local natives, new immigrants and cottagers. The work involves presentation of NGO's, which is operating in the lokality as an important indicator of the state of civil society. Conclusion of the work presents the results of the analysis of interviews that have interpretive value of the current state of civil society in the Sudetenland. Key words Civil society, the Sudetenland, settlement, borderland, Czech-German coexistence, community activities

The history of the ethnic borderlands of Hungary and Romania in the years 1867–1944 were marked by changing national borders, ethnic conflicts and economic problems. Using a local case study of the city and county of Szatmár/Satu-Mare, this thesis investigates the practice and social mechanisms of economic nationalizing. It explores the interplay between ethno-national and economic factors, and furthermore analyses what social mechanisms lead to and explain inclusion, exclusion and annihilation. The underlying principle of economic nationalizing in both countries was the separation of citizens into ethnic categories and the establishment of a dominant core nation entitled to political and economic privileges from the state. National leaders implemented a policy of economic nationalizing that exploited and redistributed resources taken from the minorities. To pursue this end, leaders instrumentalized ethnicity, which institutionalized inequality and ethnic exclusion. This process of ethnic, and finally racial, exclusion marked the whole period and reached its culmination in the annihilation of the Jews throughout most of Hungary in 1944. For nearly a century, ethnic exclusion undermined the various nationalizing projects in the two countries: the Magyarization of the minorities in dualist Hungary (1867–1918); the Romanianization of the economy of the ethnic borderland in interwar Romania (1918–1940); and finally the re-Hungarianization of the economy in Second World War Hungary (1940–1944). The extreme case of exclusion, namely the Holocaust, revealed that the path of exclusion brought nothing but destruction for everyone. This reinforces the thesis that economic nationalizing through the exclusion of minorities induces a vicious circle of ethnic bifurcation, political instability and unfavorable conditions for achieving economic prosperity. Exclusion served the short-term elite’s interest but undermined the long-term nation’s ability to prosper.

The aim of this work is to describe czech-german relationship in theneibourhood of the town Dačice with a view to villages Volfířov and Lipolec during the first part of twentieth century. These two villages were chosen for their different position after occupation of the borderland by Germany in 1938. Lipolec together with Slavonic's district were, after the event called Mnichov contract, taken by Germany but Volfířov wasn't. These villages, in spite of being distant just a few kilometres, passed through very different procession regarding of nationalities. Volfirov was always czech village and there did not exist not even a minority of Germans. On the contrary in Lipolec there was a majority of inhabitans of german's nationality, after 1918 with a minority of Czechs. Interesting point is the postwar situation in Lipolec where took place the wilde transfer of Germans. The subject of this work is to show czech-german relationship in the district and its changes in the named period and put them into the world context. Key words czech-german relationship, borderland, occupation, war, sudeten Germans, Proctectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

關於<<保佑我, 烏荻瑪>>這本書, 我主要想討論兩個重點. 首先, 是書中主角安東尼之奧德賽式之心路歷程, 第二則是要討論安東尼之人格發展在其特殊之奇哥拿(Chicano)文化背景下所受到之影響與其因應之道. 基本上, 我對此小說之討論著重在其文化背景之論述上, 故關於安東尼之人格發展之討論上, 我著眼其族群意識上之發展, 從小說中找出他如何去認同其奇哥拿族群. 而關於奇哥拿之特殊生活背景, 我將會引用奇哥拿族群中發展出來之觀念—“族群混和(mestizaje).” 由於這種不尋常的生活條件, 造就了奇哥拿族群生存之曖昧和矛盾性, 但他們也因此因應出其對策, 也就是墨藉女批評家安則杜雅(Gloria Anzaldua)提出之邊域意識理論 (borderland consciousness), 強調其政治地位上之流動性與多變性. 另一方面, <<保佑我, 烏荻瑪>>此書中採用了很多奇哥拿文化中深具本土印第安色彩之民俗神話. 就安東尼之族群意識發展來看, 這些神話具有極大之重要性, 但另一方面, 這部份之描寫也常常使此小說被評為流於懷舊式之民俗地方志. 我也將探討種族歷史與時代性之間之關係. 在此書中, 我們可看到此二者並非是以絕對之衝突關係, 而是一具銜結性/因果性之存在. 此外, 書中穿插了安東尼之富戲劇性之夢境, 我也將討論這些夢對整體結構與安東尼人格發展之間的關係. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Chinese Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi English Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Introduction History of Struggles: The Chicanos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter One Myth as the Cultural Root: Ethnic Consolidation . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter Two The Process to Individuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Chapter Three Man of Synthesis: The New World Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Conclusion The Hard-won Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Works Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 / From Bless Me, Ultima, I would like to present two major themes. First of all, it is the spiritual odyssey of the protagonist, Antonio. Second, my contention will move to Antonio’s psychological development, which is much under his Chicano cultural influences, and further on to his responding strategies. Basically, my emphasis will be laid on his gradual realization of his ethnic identity, regarding to the development of his personality. From the text, my task is to trace Antonio’s process of identification with his Chicano peers. I would apply to my discussion of the Chicano cultural background the idea of “mestizaje,” which is unique and evolved by Chicanos themselves. Such an unusual living condition creates a great degree of ambiguity and dilemma, but otherwise, Chicanos in response come out with their own strategy, which is called by Gloria Anzaldua “the borderland consciousness.” This notion largely draws from the dynamics and fluidity of their political status. On the other hand, Bless Me, Ultima is inserted greatly with indigenous Chicano/Indian folklore and legends. As far as Antonio’s ethnic consciousness is concerned, these myths contain a great importance. Whereas, this mythic aspect also tends to draw for the text negative criticism and hence the story is degraded as mere ethnography. From this discrepancy, I would lead my discussion of the novel further to the relation between ethnic history and contemporarity. In the text, these two units exist in a supplementary form, instead of being conflicting. In addition, the text is also inserted with a long sequence of dramatic dreams. I would like to discuss how these dreams affect the overall structure of the book and their relation to Antonio’s personality development.

Colonias are low-income settlements on the US-Mexico border characterized by poor infrastructure, minimum services, and an active housing construction with a high self-help and self-management component. Housing in colonias is very diverse showing house forms that include temporary and permanent structures, campers, trailers or manufactured houses and conventional homes. Most of this housing does not meet construction standards and codes and is considered substandard. Colonias households are also of diverse nature and composition including single households, nuclear and extended families, as well as multiple households sharing lots. This wide variety of house forms and households in colonias fits poorly within the nuclear household, single family detached housing idealized by conventional low-income housing projects, programs and policies. As a result, colonias marginally benefit from the resources available to them and continue to depend mostly on the individual efforts of their inhabitants. This research identifies the housing diversity and the process of housing consolidation in colonias of the US-Mexico border by looking at the patterns of house form and household arrangements in colonias of South Texas. Ten colonias located to the east of the city of Laredo along Highway 359 in Webb County, Texas were selected based on their characteristics, data availability and accessibility. Data collected included periodic aerial images of the colonias spanning a period of 28 years, household information from the 2000 census disaggregated at the block level for these colonias, and information from a field survey and a semi structured interview made to a random sample of 123 households between February and June 2007. The survey collected information about house form and household characteristics. The survey also incorporated descriptive accounts on how households completed their house from the initial structure built or set on the lot until the current house form. Data was compiled and analyzed using simple statistical methods looking for identifiable patterns on house form and household characteristics and changes over time. Findings showed that housing in colonias is built and consolidated following identifiable patterns of successive changes to the house form. Findings also showed that households in colonias share characteristics that change over time in similar ways. These results suggest similarities of colonias with extra-legal settlements in other developing areas. Based on these findings, the study reflects on possible considerations that could improve the impact of projects, programs and policies directed to support colonias and improve colonias housing.