Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amaro_ace_me_botfca.pdf: 2305795 bytes, checksum: bf45eb1af10803eaa72900d08ba1c13a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As estrobilurinas são fungicidas com efeitos fisiológicos positivos no rendimento das culturas, devido ao aumento da fotossíntese líquida e melhor balanço hormonal. O boscalida complementa a ação desses fungicidas, seja aplicado alternadamente, seja aplicado em conjunto. E, assim como as estrobilurinas, é um fungicida sistêmico que funciona preventivamente inibindo a germinação de esporos, e possui pouco efeito curativo; portanto, a aplicação preventiva desses produtos traz como benefícios, além de proteger a planta, o de incrementar a produção através de seus benefícios fisiológicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina, azoxistrobina e boscalida em pepino japonês (Cucumis sativus L.) enxertado e não enxertado, em condições de ambiente protegido, visando a seus efeitos fisiológicos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento da planta, bem como no aumento da produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu-SP em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, fatorial 2 x 5, sendo plantas de pepino enxertadas e plantas não enxertadas e 5 tratamentos com fungicidas: testemunha, azoxistrobina 60g ha-1, boscalid 50g ha-1, piraclostrobina 50 g ha-1, boscalid (100g ha-1) + piraclostrobina (50 g ha-1), aplicados 18 dias após o transplante a intervalos de 7 dias, via foliar. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado através das observações das seguintes características: produção de frutos e massa média do fruto, trocas gasosas, índice de clorofila nas folhas e atividade das enzimas peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, catalase e nitrato redutase. Em função dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os fungicidas testados apresentam efeitos fisiológicos positivos nas plantas... / Strobilurins are fungicides of positive physiological effects on crop yield due to increased net photosynthesis and improved hormone balance. Boscalid complements the action of these fungicides, applied alternately or together. And, as the strobilurins, is a systemic fungicide that works preemptively inhibiting germination of spores, and has little curative effect; therefore the preventive application of these products protect the plant and increases production through its physiological benefits. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of applying pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and boscalid in japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted and non-grafted, in greenhouse conditions, aiming to their physiological effects on metabolism and plant development, as well as increased production and fruit quality. The study was conducted in an experimental area which belongs to the School of Agronomical Sciences (FCA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, in greenhouse conditions. Experimental design was completely randomized, 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, including grafted cucumber plants and non-grafted plants and 5 fungicide treatments: control, azoxystrobin 60g ha-1, boscalid 50g ha-1, pyraclostrobin 50 g ha-1, boscalid (100g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (50 g ha-1), sprayed 18 days after transplant (DAT) at 7-day intervals into leaves. The effect of the treatments was evaluated through observations of the following: fruit production and fruit weight, gas exchanges, leaf chlorophyll content and activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrate reductase. Based on these results, we conclude that the tested fungicides have positive physiological effects on Japanese cucumber plants grafted and non-grafted, and these effects were more evident in grafted plants, in which all fungicides increased yield, nitrate reductase activity (in early development) also antioxidative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Rumy Goto / Banca: Marcos Antonio Bacarin / Resumo: As estrobilurinas são fungicidas com efeitos fisiológicos positivos no rendimento das culturas, devido ao aumento da fotossíntese líquida e melhor balanço hormonal. O boscalida complementa a ação desses fungicidas, seja aplicado alternadamente, seja aplicado em conjunto. E, assim como as estrobilurinas, é um fungicida sistêmico que funciona preventivamente inibindo a germinação de esporos, e possui pouco efeito curativo; portanto, a aplicação preventiva desses produtos traz como benefícios, além de proteger a planta, o de incrementar a produção através de seus benefícios fisiológicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina, azoxistrobina e boscalida em pepino japonês (Cucumis sativus L.) enxertado e não enxertado, em condições de ambiente protegido, visando a seus efeitos fisiológicos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento da planta, bem como no aumento da produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu-SP em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, fatorial 2 x 5, sendo plantas de pepino enxertadas e plantas não enxertadas e 5 tratamentos com fungicidas: testemunha, azoxistrobina 60g ha-1, boscalid 50g ha-1, piraclostrobina 50 g ha-1, boscalid (100g ha-1) + piraclostrobina (50 g ha-1), aplicados 18 dias após o transplante a intervalos de 7 dias, via foliar. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado através das observações das seguintes características: produção de frutos e massa média do fruto, trocas gasosas, índice de clorofila nas folhas e atividade das enzimas peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, catalase e nitrato redutase. Em função dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os fungicidas testados apresentam efeitos fisiológicos positivos nas plantas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Strobilurins are fungicides of positive physiological effects on crop yield due to increased net photosynthesis and improved hormone balance. Boscalid complements the action of these fungicides, applied alternately or together. And, as the strobilurins, is a systemic fungicide that works preemptively inhibiting germination of spores, and has little curative effect; therefore the preventive application of these products protect the plant and increases production through its physiological benefits. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of applying pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and boscalid in japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted and non-grafted, in greenhouse conditions, aiming to their physiological effects on metabolism and plant development, as well as increased production and fruit quality. The study was conducted in an experimental area which belongs to the School of Agronomical Sciences (FCA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, in greenhouse conditions. Experimental design was completely randomized, 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, including grafted cucumber plants and non-grafted plants and 5 fungicide treatments: control, azoxystrobin 60g ha-1, boscalid 50g ha-1, pyraclostrobin 50 g ha-1, boscalid (100g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (50 g ha-1), sprayed 18 days after transplant (DAT) at 7-day intervals into leaves. The effect of the treatments was evaluated through observations of the following: fruit production and fruit weight, gas exchanges, leaf chlorophyll content and activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrate reductase. Based on these results, we conclude that the tested fungicides have positive physiological effects on Japanese cucumber plants grafted and non-grafted, and these effects were more evident in grafted plants, in which all fungicides increased yield, nitrate reductase activity (in early development) also antioxidative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of grape downy mildew (DM, Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (PM, Erysiphe necator) to commonly used single-site fungicides in Virginia and nearby states. DM and PM isolates were collected from 2005 to 2007. In grape leaf disc bioassays, 92% of the DM isolates were QoI (azoxystrobin)-resistant, but none were resistant to mefenoxam. Eighty-two percent of the PM isolates were QoI-resistant, but none were resistant to boscalid and quinoxyfen. The frequency of the G143A point mutation, which confers high levels of QoI resistance, was quantified in DM and PM isolates by real-time PCR. Most of the QoI-resistant DM and PM isolates contained >95% of the 143A allele. QoI-sensitive DM isolates contained less than 1% of 143A. One out of 145 and 14 out of 154 QoI-resistant DM and PM isolates (able to grow on azoxystrobin concentration ï ³ 1 µg/ml), respectively, contained less than 1% 143A. Most PM isolates exhibited reduced sensitivity to five DMI fungicides when compared to a sensitive subgroup (n=9) and compared to published reports for unexposed populations; the resistance factor (median EC50 of the entire isolate collection divided by median EC50 of sensitive subgroup) was highest for tebuconazole (360) and myclobutanil (350), followed by triflumizole (79), triadimefon (61), and fenarimol (53). Sensitivities to all five DMI fungicides, but also azoxystrobin, were moderately to strongly correlated (pairwise r-values ranging from 0.60 to 0.88). / Master of Science in Life Sciences