Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (US); 1 Sep 2003. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "JLAB-PHY-03-167" "DOE/ER/40150-2745" Marat Rvachev. 09/01/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Thesis; Thesis information not provided; 1 Feb 2003. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "JLAB-PHY-03-38" "DOE/ER/40150-2762" Bin Zhang. 02/01/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Submitted by CAIQUE MEIRA RONQUI null (cmeiraronqui@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T02:12:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado.pdf: 19390845 bytes, checksum: a1c62d106479845bd9047a91fbad6b1f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-04-05T16:59:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ronqui_cm_me_ift.pdf: 19390845 bytes, checksum: a1c62d106479845bd9047a91fbad6b1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T16:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ronqui_cm_me_ift.pdf: 19390845 bytes, checksum: a1c62d106479845bd9047a91fbad6b1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Elaboramos uma revisão de como o problema da hierarquia aparece na teoria Eletrofraca, pois entendemos que esse assunto ganhou importância e merece atenção especial. Apesar disso, notamos que muitos conceitos necessários para compreender a origem do problema encontram-se espalhados em diferentes livros e artigos, dificultando o acesso à informação. Por isso, apresentamos neste trabalho esses principais conceitos de maneira consolidada. / We develop a review on how the hierarchy problem appears in the Electroweak theory. Nowadays we think that this problem is greater in importance than it was in the past, so it deserves special attention, but we noticed several concepts needed to understand the problem are scattered in different books and papers, which hinders full access to information. Therefore, we intend to present the key subjects in a single document, because we didn't find similar work in previous studies. / 2015/19572-0

This thesis presents the measurement of the differential cross section of Z boson pro-duction in association with jets (Z+jets) in proton-proton collision at the center-of-massenergy of 13 TeV. The data has been recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC duringthe year 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.19 fb −1 .A study of theCMS muon High Level Trigger (HLT) with the data collected in 2016 is also presented.The goal of analysis is to perform a first measurement at 13 TeV of the cross sections ofZ+jets as a function of the jet multiplicity, its dependence on the transverse momentumof the Z boson, the jet kinematic variables (transverse momentum and rapidity), thescalar sum of the jet momenta, and the balance in the transverse momentum betweenthe reconstructed jet recoil and the Z boson. The results are obtained by correctingthe detector effects, and are unfolded to particle level. The measurement are com-pared to four predictions using different approximations: at the leading-order (LO),next-to-leading-order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy. Thefirst two calculations used M AD G RAPH 5_ A MC@NLO interfaced with PYTHIA 8 for theparton showering and hadronisation, one of which includes matrix elements (MEs) atLO, another includes one-loop corrections (NLO). The third is a fixed-order calculationwith NNLO accuracy for Z+1 jet using the N -jettiness subtraction scheme (N jetti ). Thefourth uses the GENEVA program with an NNLO calculation combined with higher-order resummation.A series of studies on the HLT double muon trigger are also included. Since 2015 theLHC reached higher luminosity, more events are produced inside the CMS detector persecond, which resulted in more challenges for the trigger system. The work presentedincludes the monitoring, validation and the calibration of the muon trigger paths since2016. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-18T13:07:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 727578 bytes, checksum: b15ffe582074573c53ae0805d8b1edcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T13:07:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 727578 bytes, checksum: b15ffe582074573c53ae0805d8b1edcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The fact that neutrinos are massive indicates that the Standard Model (MP) should be extended. In this thesis we study the gauge extension called B-L, which is based on the symmetry group SUci (3) SUL (2) Uy (1) UB_L(l). The additional factor UB_L(l) brings up a new boson, called Z ', then the addition of a new scalar is needed to break this new symmetry. We will show that this model provides a natural background for right-handed neutrinos and the see-saw mechanism of mass production. Moreover, we find some phenomenological aspects of this model, as the absence of anomalies and some decay widths of the new boson. Finally, a brief analysis is made of how this new boson can be produced in acleradores particle and its lower bounds of his mass. / 0 fato de os neutrinos serem massivos indica que o Modelo Padrao (MP) deve ser extendido. Nesta dissertagdo, é estudada a extensao de calibre denominada B-L, a qual é baseada no grupo de simetria SUc(3) SUL(2) Uy (1) UB_L(1). 0 fator adicional UB_L(l) faz corn que aparega urn novo bOson, denominado Z'. logo, a adigao de urn novo escalar se faz necessaria para quebrarmos essa nova simetria. Vamos mostrar que esse modelo fornece urn cenario natural para os neutrinos de mao direita, bem como o mecanismo see-saw de produgdo de massa para os mesmos. Alem disso, verificamos alguns aspectos fenomenolOgicos desse modelo, como a ausencia de anomalias e algumas larguras de decaimento desse novo bOson. Por fim, é feita uma breve analise de como esse novo bOson pode ser produzido nos aceleradores de particulas e seu limite inferior de massa.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 626469 bytes, checksum: b00f1a4159fa8427d51e0806ea431c8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Standard Model with its current simmetry, is complete, but still not the final word for the study of elementary particle physics, and many of the experiments show an accumulation of data indicating the existence of DarkMatter, i.e., new physics that can not be described only by it; in mid-2009 , an excess in the fraction of the flow of electron/positron experiments measured by the PAMELLA[1], FERMI[2] and HESS[3], experiments that could be interpreted as possible evidence of dark matter annihilation through Lepto-phobic interaction, instigated researchers. Therefore, to describe such a scenario, the following will consider the extension of the standard model with the gauge group ULi−Lj (1)[4], for an analysis of how this can help solve this problem of excessive flow detected. / O Modelo Padrão com sua simetria atual, está completo, porém ainda não é a palavra final para o estudo de física de física das partículas elementares, muitos dos experimentos realizados apresentam uma acumulação de dados que denotam a existência de Matéria Escura, ou seja, apontam para física nova que não pode ser descrita somente por ele; em meados de 2009, um excesso na fração do fluxo elétron/pósitron medida pelos experimentos do PAMELA[1],FERMI-Lat[2] e HESS[3], que puderam ser interpretados como possíveis evidências de aniquilação de matéria escura através de interação lepto-fóbica, instigaram os pesquisadores. Portanto, para descrever tal cenário, a seguir considerar-se-á a extensão do Modelo Padrão com o grupo de gauge ULi−Lj (1)[4], para uma análise de como este pode ajudar a resolver esse problema do fluxo excessivo detectado.

Les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes sont considérées comme un outil unique pour produire, enlaboratoire, un milieu chaud et dense interagissant fortement, le Plasma de Quarks etde Gluons (PQG). Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude de deux sondes, les J/ψ et les bosons Z, qui peuvent aider àatteindre une meilleure compréhension des propriétés du PQG.Dans les collisions d’ions lourds, il existe une observable importante pour étudier la formation du PQG, c’est lamesure de la production des J/ψ. L’importance des différents effets qui peuvent augmenter ou supprimer cetteproduction varie avec l’énergie de la collision. Dans cette thèse, la production des J/ψ est mesurée avec lescollisions Pb-Pb à √sNN =5.02 TeV, en utilisant principalement le spectromètre à muons du détecteur ALICE. Lefacteur de modification nucléaire des J/ψ est présenté en fonction de la centralité des collisions, la rapidité etl’impulsion transversale (pT). En outre, les résultats sur le pT moyen du J/ψ sont présentés. La comparaison entreles résultats expérimentaux et divers calculs théoriques suggère que la production du J/ψ est affectée dans le milieupar deux processus concurrents : le dissociation et le régénération.Dans les collisions d’ions lourds, l'état initial de la collision peut aussi affecter les résultats, en l'absence deformation du PQG. La compréhension et la quantification des tels effets est crucial pour les séparer de ceuxprovoqués par la présence du PQG. Un de ces effets est la modification nucléaire des fonctions de distribution despartons (PDFs). La mesure de production du boson Z dans les collisions d’ions lourds est un outil puissant pourétudier la modification nucléaire des PDFs car il n’est pas affectés par la présence d'une matière en forteinteraction. La seconde partie de cette thèse est dévolue à la mesure de la production des bosons Z, pour lapremière fois dans ALICE, avec les collisions p-Pb et Pb-Pb à √sNN =5.02 TeV. Dans les collisions Pb-Pb où laprécision de la mesure est plus élevée, l'accord entre les données et des calculs théoriques est meilleur lorsque cesderniers prennent en compte la modification nucléaire des PDFs. / Ultra relativistic heavy-ion collisions are considered as a unique tool to produce, in the laboratory, thehot and dense strongly-interacting medium, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). This thesis is dedicated to the studyof two powerful probes, the J/ψ and Z-boson, that can help reaching a better understanding of the properties of theQGP.An important observable to study the QGP formation in heavy-ion collisions is the measurement of the J/ψproduction. The sizes of the different effects that can enhance or suppress this production vary with the collisionenergy. In this thesis, the J/ψ production is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV using mainly themuon spectrometer of the ALICE detector. The J/ψ nuclear modification factor is presented as a function ofcollision centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum (pT). In addition, results on the J/ψ average pT and squaredaverage pT are also obtained. The comparison between the results and various theoretical calculations suggests thatthe J/ψ production is affected in the medium by an interplay between dissociation and regeneration mechanisms.In heavy-ion collisions, the initial state of the collision can affect the results even in the absence of the QGP.Understanding and quantifying such effects is crucial in order to separate them from the ones caused by thepresence of the QGP. One of these effects is the nuclear modification of the parton distribution functions (PDFs).The measurement of Z-boson production in heavy-ion collisions is a powerful tool to study the nuclearmodification of PDFs since it is not affected by the presence of the strongly-interacting medium. The second partof this thesis is devoted to measure the Z-boson production, for the first time with ALICE, in p-Pb and Pb-Pbcollisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. In Pb-Pb collisions where the precision of the measurement is higher, the agreementbetween data and theoretical calculations is better when the latter take into account the nuclear modification of thePDFs.

This dissertation presents a search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions. The dataset consists of 139 fb^{-1} of collision events with centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and was collected by the ATLAS detector from 2015-2018 at the Large Hadron Collider. Signal region events are required to contain a Z boson that decays leptonically to either e^+e^- or μ^+μ^-, and a significant amount of missing transverse momentum, which indicates the presence of undetected particles. Two types of dark matter models are studied: (1) simplified models with an s-channel axial-vector or vector mediator that couples to dark matter Dirac fermions, and (2) two-Higgs-doublet models with an additional pseudo-scalar that couples to dark matter Dirac fermions. The main Standard Model background sources are ZZ, WZ, non-resonant l^+l^-, and Z+jets processes, which are estimated using a combination of data and/or simulation. A new reweighting technique is developed for estimating the Z+jets background using γ+jets events in data; the resulting estimate significantly improves on the statistical and systematic errors compared to the estimate obtained from simulation. The observed data in the signal region are compared to Standard Model prediction using a transverse mass discriminant distribution. No significant excess in data is observed for the simplified models and two-Higgs-doublet models studied. A statistical analysis is performed and several exclusion limits are set on the parameters of the dark matter models. Results are compared to direct detection experiments, the CMS experiment, and other ATLAS searches. Prospects and improvements for future iterations of the search are also presented. / Graduate

No description available.

<p>The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) offers a unique opportunity to test the Standard Model of particle physics. The Standard Model predicts the existence of a Higgs boson and provides accurate estimates for the strength of the interactions of the Higgs boson with other particles. After the discovery of the Higgs boson, the measurement of its properties, such as its couplings to other particles, is of paramount importance. </p> <p>The projects described in this thesis explore different aspects of one of such measurements – the search for the Higgs boson decay into a pair of muons (H→<em>μμ</em>), conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This decay plays an important role in elementary particle physics, as it provides a direct way to measure the coupling of the Higgs boson to the muon. The first evidence of the H→<em>μμ</em> decay was reported in 2020 as a result of an elaborate statistical analysis of the dataset collected by the CMS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC (2016–2018). The observed (expected) upper limit on the signal strength modifier for this decay at 95% confidence level was found to be 1.93 (0.81), constituting the most precise measurement to date. </p> <p>The details of this analysis, along with studies to establish possible directions for the development of the next iteration of  the H→<em>μμ</em> analysis using Run 3 data, are discussed in this thesis. In addition, a novel machine learning-based algorithm for the muon high level trigger is presented, which ultimately improves the data-taking efficiency of the CMS experiment, and hence, helps to increase the sensitivity of future H→<em>μμ</em> searches. Finally, projections of the H→<em>μμ</em> search sensitivity to the data-taking conditions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider are presented, estimating the achievable precision for future measurements of the Higgs boson properties.</p>