Orientador: Reinaldo Monteiro / Banca: Eulalia Soler Sobreira Hoogerheide / Banca: Maria Antonia Carniello / Banca: Elizabeth Ann Veasey / Banca: Marcos Aparecido Pizano / Resumo: Sabe-se que os agricultores de pequena escala que praticam agricultura de modo tradicional desempenham um importante papel na manutenção da agrobiodiversidade, podendo complementar o trabalho de conservação ex situ. Um dos cultivos mais presentes na agricultura tradicional tropical é a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.), base alimentar de mais de 800 milhões de pessoas no mundo. No Brasil, encontra-se elevada diversidade intraespecífica da referida tuberosa, sobretudo entre os agricultores da Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso, que ainda praticam agricultura nos moldes tradicionais por meio de técnicas que não apenas mantêm, mas também amplificam essa diversidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a dinâmica de cultivo das variedades locais de mandioca das comunidades tradicionais contíguas Mutum (Mt), Vaquejador (Vq), Ribeirão das Pedras Acima (Ra) e Quilombo (Qb), localizadas no município de Jangada-MT e analisar a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos, culturais e genéticos na manutenção da agrobiodiversidade local, bem como analisar as relações entre as comunidades estudadas e suas influências sobre o manejo da agrobiodiversidade. Os capítulos que compõem este trabalho consistem em: 1) Apresentação da problemática, área de estudo, métodos e análises utilizados; 2) Caracterização socioeconômica das comunidades estudadas e dos agricultores; 3) Descrição dos espaços de cultivo, técnicas de manejo e produção de farinha de mandioca; e 4) Levantamento etnobotânic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Small-scale farmers who perform agriculture in a traditional manner are known to play an important role in maintaining agrobiodiversity and, therefore, they may complement ex situ conservation work. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is one of the most important crops in traditional tropical agriculture, being considered as staple food for more than 800 million people in the world. There is a high intraspecific diversity in Brazil, especially among farmers located in the region of Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso, which still cultivates it in a traditional way, using techniques that contribute not only to maintain but also to expand the diversity. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the dynamics of cultivation of local cassava varieties, given its relevance to small scale farmers, of four contiguous traditional communities located in the municipality of Jangada, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil; Mutum (Mt), Vaquejador (Vq), Ribeirão das Pedras Acima (Ra), and Quilombo (Qb); and it also aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic, cultural and genetic aspects in the maintenance of agrobiodiversity, as well as the relations between studied communities and their influences on the agrobiodiversity management. The chapters of this work consist of: 1) Problem presentation, study area, methods and adopted analysis; 2) Socioeconomic characterization of studied communities and farmers; 3) Description of crop spaces, management techniques and production of cassava flour; and 4) Ethnob... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Objectives and Research Questions 1. To reconstruct the history of invasion of Lantana in India from where, by who, and when was Lantana species introduced into India?, given its long history in the country, is it still spreading or has it become more or less stable? 2. To study the human adaptation to Lantana invasion: socioeconomic causes and consequences of the use of Lantana as an alternative source of livelihood for forest dependent communities in southern India; how have local communities adapted to the invasion?; what are the key determinants that may have driven communities to use Lantana?; what are the economic consequences of the use of Lantana by local communities? 3. To critically review local practices and forest policy for the management of Lantana in southern India.; how has the use of Lantana by local communities impacted its local regeneration?; does the use of Lantana in local context have implications for its management?; what has been the role of the Forest Department and its policies in managing Lantana?

In response to an increase in forest destruction, nature conservation agencies in South Africa are beginning to introduce innovative and integrated conservation strategies. This study was established to provide information on resource use in Gxalingenwa State Forest (GSF) and KwaYili State Forest (KSF) on which such conservation initiatives might be based. Local villagers in the area depend on a mix of forest products to meet their livelihood needs, including for example heating, cooking, fencing, building, craft-work and medicine. Large quantities (102.072 tonnes) of plant resources are removed from the GSF and KSF annually by traditional healers and commercial gatherers with commercial gatherers responsible for the largest proportions (88.1 %). However, the total market value of medicinal products to the resource users is higher than the local value, implying that the resource users are not harnessing the full potential of the forest products. Fuelwood, building, fencing and carving also account for a large bulk of materials harvested from the indigenous forests annually. Among several species, Podocarpus falcatus is the most preferred and harvested tree for fuelwood, fencing and building. Despite its high recruitment level, it shows a very unstable population structure. Calodendrum capense is debarked for medicinal uses. It is used locally and its current harvest by commercial gatherers is driven by a huge demand from the 'muti' markets. In KSF, C. capense generally has a low density but also has a relatively good recruitment rate when compared with an unexploited forest. However, the harvesting of immature stems pose a threat to this species. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000765425.pdf: 1586683 bytes, checksum: f252e9d4e1ac58546b622f515d97c7b1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A manutenção da agrobiodiversidade é fundamental para garantia da segurança alimentar. Algumas plantas, como as raízes e tubérculos, são especialmente importantes para a alimentação de populações que praticam uma agricultura parcialmente voltada para a subsistência, como é o caso de agricultores assentados rurais. Os assentamentos rurais configuram-se como possíveis áreas para conservação da agrobiodiversidade, num cenário de urbanização, mecanização da agricultura e esvaziamento populacional do campo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as potencialidades de dois assentamentos rurais na conservação da agrobiodiversidade de raízes e tubérculos... / Species maintenance and agricultural variety are fundamental to guarantee food security. Some plants, such as roots and tubers, are especially important for feeding populations that practice agriculture partially oriented to subsistence, like those that live in occupied rural settlements. These rural settlements are characterized as potential areas for conservation of biodiversity, considering a context of rural depopulation, urbanization and mechanization of agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the potential of two rural settlements in agrobiodiversity conservation of roots and tubers...

Orientador: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo / Banca: Teresa Losada Valle / Banca: Elizabeth Ann Veasey / Resumo: A manutenção da agrobiodiversidade é fundamental para garantia da segurança alimentar. Algumas plantas, como as raízes e tubérculos, são especialmente importantes para a alimentação de populações que praticam uma agricultura parcialmente voltada para a subsistência, como é o caso de agricultores assentados rurais. Os assentamentos rurais configuram-se como possíveis áreas para conservação da agrobiodiversidade, num cenário de urbanização, mecanização da agricultura e esvaziamento populacional do campo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as potencialidades de dois assentamentos rurais na conservação da agrobiodiversidade de raízes e tubérculos... / Abstract: Species maintenance and agricultural variety are fundamental to guarantee food security. Some plants, such as roots and tubers, are especially important for feeding populations that practice agriculture partially oriented to subsistence, like those that live in occupied rural settlements. These rural settlements are characterized as potential areas for conservation of biodiversity, considering a context of rural depopulation, urbanization and mechanization of agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the potential of two rural settlements in agrobiodiversity conservation of roots and tubers... / Mestre