Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2007. / Submitted by Fabrícia da Silva Costa Feitosa (fabriciascf@gmail.com) on 2010-01-14T21:53:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TulioAugustusSilvaeSouza.pdf: 1348861 bytes, checksum: 188b5fd09ad3e77513695995ca6d4e75 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2010-01-14T22:10:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TulioAugustusSilvaeSouza.pdf: 1348861 bytes, checksum: 188b5fd09ad3e77513695995ca6d4e75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-14T22:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TulioAugustusSilvaeSouza.pdf: 1348861 bytes, checksum: 188b5fd09ad3e77513695995ca6d4e75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Em busca de uma elucidação maior sobre um conceito fulcral à sociologia contemporânea, o trabalho percorre uma trajetória exegética ao redor da idéia de habitus a partir da contribuição do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. Como um dos mais notáveis sociólogos no século XX, Bourdieu embalou toda sua obra, ainda profundamente influente nas ciências sociais, com o conceito de habitus como um compartimento individual onde ressoam ingerências externas ao agente, empreendendo um novo esforço na delimitação desta idéia já milenar nas ciências humanas. Ao estabelecer uma indecomponível relação onto-epistemológica entre habitus e campo, a sociologia bourdieusiana aponta novas balizas teóricas e empíricas para a investigação das relações entre as instâncias relativas às agências e às estruturas. O passo gnosiológico bourdieusiano encarnado no uso da noção de habitus se pretendeu credenciado para uma superação mais definitiva da miríade de dicotomias sociológicas mais de uma vez explicitada em oposições como objetivismo/subjetivismo e nominalimo/realismo, o que do ponto de vista do esquadrinhamento do indivíduo e/ou da sociedade consiste em acatar nuances variadas entre as duas esferas, sem necessariamente tomar partido por um dos dois pólos. Seguiu-se em paralelo a uma utilização por Bourdieu do conceito de habitus em diversas searas sociológicas, um debate portentoso acerca de quais instrumentos a análise sociológica deve se valer no processo científico de apreensão e compreensão da realidade. A pesquisa se fiou também na déia de habitus como um ponto primordial para um divisar de perspectivas teórico-analíticas entre várias das correntes fundamentais em ciências sociais, bem como entre os mais luminares expoentes de diversos momentos na sociologia, com os quais, inegavelmente, os quadros teóricos e empíricos delineados por Pierre Bourdieu dialogaram constantemente. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In search of a wider elucidation, concerning a concept of basis to contemporary Sociology, the work goes through an exegetical way around the idea of habitus, from the contribution made by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Counted as one of the most remarkable sociologists th of the 20 Century, Bourdieu has established his work, which is still deeply influent in Social Sciences, in the concept of habitus as an individual compartment where interferences, external to the agent, reverberate, undertaking a new effort in the delimitation of this idea, already considered millenary in Human Sciences. By appointing an indissoluble onto-epistemological relation between habitus and field, the bourdieusian sociology indicates new theoretical and empirical boundaries for the investigation of the relation among the instances related to the agencies and structures. The bourdieusian gnosiological step, materialized in the utilization of the notion of habitus, has considered itself as able of overcoming, in a more definitive way, the infinity of sociological dichotomies, many times expressed in oppositions such as objectivism/subjectivism and nominalism/realism , which, if considered from the point of view of a detailed analysis of the individual and/or society, consists in regarding varied nuances between both spheres, without, necessarily, making common cause with any of them. Parallely to the use of the concept of habitus in many sociological parties by Bourdieu, there is a profuse debate about which instruments the sociological analysis should rely on, concerning the scientific process of perception and understanding of reality. The research also relies on the idea of habitus as a primordial concept for perceiving theoretical-analytical perspectives among the many fundamental tendencies in Social Sciences, as well as among the most illuminating exponents from different moments in Sociology, which, undeniably, keep a constant dialogue with the theoretical and empirical panoramas delineated by Pierre Bourdieu.

Based on qualitative interviews, this paper explores how classical children's concerts serve as a means of "social distinction" (Bourdieu) for upper class families. Firstly, the paper presents a description of Vienna's children's concert scene for classical music and elaborates on Bourdieu's cultural-sociological approach. Secondly, the interrelation between knowledge about music and the accumulation of cultural capital, which emphasizes an individual's position in social space (Bourdieu), is investigated. The empirical data show that only children whose parents possess relatively high amounts of cultural and economic capital attend children's concerts. By taking their children to those cultural events, parents not only aim to convey a certain "taste in music" to them. They also support the accumulation of cultural knowledge or capital, which serve as a means of social distinction that asserts the family's position in society. / Series: Schriftenreihe / Forschungsbereich Wirtschaft und Kultur

Evaluations of John Howard Yoder’s legacy have proliferated since his death in 1997. Although there is much disagreement, a broad consensus is forming that his theology was, on the one hand, focused on the social and political meaning of the New Testament accounts of Jesus Christ and, on the other hand, sociologically reductive, hermeneutically tendentious, and ecclesiologically ambiguous. This thesis proposes a revision of Yoder’s theology that maintains its broadly sociological emphasis but corrects for its apparent problems. In specific, adjustments are made to his social theory to open it to spiritual reality, to hone its analytical approach, and to clarify its political import. To do so his preferred framework for social criticism, the theology of the principalities and powers, is examined in the context of his wider work and its critics, and then synthesized with concepts from Pierre Bourdieu’s influential reflexive sociology. Yoder maintains that the powers, understood as social structures, are part of God’s good creation, fallen, and now being redeemed through their subjection to the risen Lord Christ. Bourdieu’s fundamental sociological concepts--habitus, capital, and field--enable an interpretation of the powers as dynamically constituted by their relations to the triune God and to personal dispositions. His treatment of social reproduction and freedom furthermore facilitate a construal of choice as a divinely gifted, sociologically mediated freedom for obedience to God. The sinful restriction of this freedom is read in light of Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence, which recognizes the ambiguity of violence without thereby identifying any form of killing as nonviolent. Violence and other phenomena can be investigated by a reflexive, dialogical, and empirically rigorous comparison with the life of Christ. The church’s spiritual participation in the redemption of the violent powers is conceptualized in Bourdieusian terms as a critical legitimation of other political and cultural fields made possible through autonomy from those fields. Christian social distinctiveness moreover has universal meaning because it is oriented towards the worship of God and so radically welcoming of others; and this sociological universality is distinctive because it is the result of a particular history of social struggles with and for God. These revisions to Yoder’s theology of the principalities and powers produce a sociological theology that is material and spiritual, critical and dialogical, and particular and universal. By incorporating these revisions, Yoder’s work can continue to support those who seek peace in a world riven by violence.

This thesis explores nurses’ conceptualisation of dementia and discusses the relationship between these understandings and nursing practice. Using the reflexive sociological approach of French scholar Pierre Bourdieu, the study seeks to advance practice through the enhancement of theoretical understandings. Data were collected in a range of inpatient clinical areas in Scotland using focus groups, individual interviews and observation. A range of nurses contributed, reflecting views and understandings from inpatient areas run by both general medical and mental health services. Nurses were found to conceptualise dementia in four main ways; as a disease, as a memory problem, as confusion and finally as a journey. These four conceptualisations are addressed in turn and the ways in which they inform and relate to practice are discussed. Limitations to practice arising from the nurses conceptualisations are also highlighted. Dominant approaches to care are outlined throughout the thesis, with the medical model, individualised care, person-centred dementia care and palliative care all being discussed in light of the nurses’ understandings of dementia. Throughout the thesis the work of Pierre Bourdieu shapes the analysis and presentation of data. Relationships within the social world, structures of society and of inpatient settings along with explicit reflection on the personal experiences and position of the researcher inform the work. Concepts of field, capital and habitus permeate the discussion and help to explore issues and understandings from both practice and theory. While literature on specific approaches to dementia care, treatments and relationships between patients, carers and family members form a substantial and growing body of dementia literature, information about nurses and their understandings of dementia has previously been unexplored. This study demonstrates the range of views held by nurses and the influences of education, structures of the clinical setting and ward culture in shaping those understandings. The importance of nurses’ conceptualisations of dementia in shaping their care of patients is demonstrated through the analysis and has the potential to inform and enhance practice development for dementia patients in a variety of inpatient settings.

Drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural approach, this qualitative research project aimed to: (a) understand the responses to current body norms and expectations tied to health and physical appearances amongst underprivileged young women; and; (b) understand to what extent the dominant obesity discourse is inscribed in these women’s bodily habits. Results highlight that participants were aware of the dominant obesity discourse through their perceptions, sentiments, and dispositions towards bodily norms and expectations. Despite their awareness, underprivileged living conditions generated other sets of priorities, such as motherhood, achieving economic stability, completing education, and gaining physical independence which were far greater preoccupations. Underprivileged young women’s ‘choice of the necessary’ is based on optimizing resources and prioritizing needs and responsibilities. Findings support the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts which consider the effects of various aspects of underprivileged living conditions on lifestyles.

Drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural approach, this qualitative research project aimed to: (a) understand the responses to current body norms and expectations tied to health and physical appearances amongst underprivileged young women; and; (b) understand to what extent the dominant obesity discourse is inscribed in these women’s bodily habits. Results highlight that participants were aware of the dominant obesity discourse through their perceptions, sentiments, and dispositions towards bodily norms and expectations. Despite their awareness, underprivileged living conditions generated other sets of priorities, such as motherhood, achieving economic stability, completing education, and gaining physical independence which were far greater preoccupations. Underprivileged young women’s ‘choice of the necessary’ is based on optimizing resources and prioritizing needs and responsibilities. Findings support the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts which consider the effects of various aspects of underprivileged living conditions on lifestyles.

Ce travail propose une analyse comparative des sociologies de Pierre Bourdieu et de Niklas Luhmann face au thème de la mort de l'art. Ce que nous nous proposons de faire ici, c'est un travail sociologique théorique qui examine le concept de la mort de l'art en faisant une analyse comparative de la sociologie de l'art de Pierre Bourdieu et celle de Niklas Luhmann. Tel que mentionné, il s'agit ici d'examiner comment chacune se mesure au thème de la mort de l'art et comment leurs répliques s'inscrivent dans la tradition sociologique. Le travail débute avec une présentation des déclarations de la mort de l'art au sein de la théorie sociale, notamment celles de Hegel et de Adorno. Ensuite, la présentation des sociologies de l'art de Pierre Bourdieu et de Niklas Luhmann a lieu. Nous terminons avec une analyse comparative des sociologies de l'art de Bourdieu et de Luhmann face au thème de la mort de l'art. Ce travail nous aide à percevoir des différences et des similitudes entre la théorie des champs sociaux et la théorie systémique et à voir en quoi les deux auteurs ont tenté de se défaire de l'idéologie en se basant sur l'analyse de la différenciation sociale. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Luhmann, Bourdieu, Théorie des sytèmes autopoïétiques, Différenciation sociale, Mort de l'art, Champs sociaux, Sociologie de l'art.

This thesis attempts a critical examination of the work of the French ethnologist and sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu. It reads his work in the context both of the intellectual traditions within which and against which Bourdieu has elaborated his sociological theories, and of the socio-historical developments in postwar France which those theories have sought to describe and explain. Following the development of Bourdieu's thought chronologically and thematically, the thesis argues that his most important works have been centrally concerned with the analysis of a series of social and cultural changes contingent on France's transition to an era of late capitalism, an era characterised by decolonisation, the advent of mass consumerism, unprecedented expansion in the university sector and the consequent challenge to the humanist culture traditionally dispensed there, the waning of a once dominant Left-wing political discourse and its replacement by discourses of managerialism, business efficiency, and neo-liberalism. Hence, rather than analysing key Bourdieusian concepts such as 'practice', 'habitus', 'strategy'. `cultural capital'. and `field' in purely theoretical terms, this thesis will understand such concepts as explanatory tools which emerged in response to a particular historical conjuncture, questioning the contribution they might make to our understanding of that conjuncture. The French intellectual field, with its poles of attraction and repulsion, forms an integral part of that historical conjuncture and this thesis will, therefore, also examine how Bourdieu's approach defined itself in relation to the key protagonists in that field, analysing his debt to figures such as Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau- Ponty, Gaston Bachelard, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, as well as his more agonistic relationship with figures such as Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Frantz Fanon, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Whilst this thesis neither pretends to provide the definitive reading of Bourdieu's work nor claims that his work's significance is limited to the particular context in which it was produced, it does argue that a detailed understanding of that context forms the necessary precursor to any objective assessment of the work's strengths and weaknesses.

Drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural approach, this qualitative research project aimed to: (a) understand the responses to current body norms and expectations tied to health and physical appearances amongst underprivileged young women; and; (b) understand to what extent the dominant obesity discourse is inscribed in these women’s bodily habits. Results highlight that participants were aware of the dominant obesity discourse through their perceptions, sentiments, and dispositions towards bodily norms and expectations. Despite their awareness, underprivileged living conditions generated other sets of priorities, such as motherhood, achieving economic stability, completing education, and gaining physical independence which were far greater preoccupations. Underprivileged young women’s ‘choice of the necessary’ is based on optimizing resources and prioritizing needs and responsibilities. Findings support the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts which consider the effects of various aspects of underprivileged living conditions on lifestyles.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1996. / Includes bibliography.