This study examines how Bovine Somatotropin (BST) may impact Arizona dairy producers. The results of dairy scientists experimenting with BST are summarized in terms of reported milk yields and possible changes in feeding and herd management. Dairy enterprize budgets representative of Arizona are constructed to examine how income statements may change if BST is approved. The effects of increased milk supply on Arizona milk prices are estimated using the institutional structure of the Central Arizona Order and the United Dairyman of Arizona. Results of experiments with BST in Arizona are used to generate net returns at several rates of adoption under changing milk prices for three dairy farms in Arizona.

No description available.

Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST) is a biotechnology for increasing milk production in dairy cattle. The purpose of this research was to investigate and to build a better understanding of the complexities and controversies around this product in Canada. To accomplish this, I examined the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestrys inquiry into rBST and the drug approval process. I compared and contrasted the testimony of witnesses and Senators and I uncovered emerging issues, patterns, and themes. This research was an exploratory and qualitative exercise that analyzed how the participants of this Senate inquiry conceptualized and contested the meaning of science, safety, and the states regulatory functions. <p> This research revealed several commonalities between Health Canada management, the human safety panel, and industry representatives. These witnesses argued that the drug approval process must be efficient, standard-driven, and based upon available scientific studies. These witnesses stated that they had confidence in the neutrality and competency of internal standard setting-agencies. They emphasized transparency rather than public participation in the drug approval process. Health and safety were conceptualized as static phenomena to be measured and evaluated by experts. <p>In contrast, Health Canada employees had several commonalities with the Senators, dairy representatives, and witnesses from citizen interest groups. Their testimony supports the argument that health and safety are dynamic social constructs. These actors transformed the boundaries of science to accommodate their precautionary framing of safety. They highlighted several problems with Canadas science-based regulatory framework and demanded that they have a decisive voice in the rBST decision. They challenged the hegemony of industrial capitalism by combining both scientific and lay knowledge to expose the limits and contradictions of industrialized agriculture.

Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST) is a biotechnology for increasing milk production in dairy cattle. The purpose of this research was to investigate and to build a better understanding of the complexities and controversies around this product in Canada. To accomplish this, I examined the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestrys inquiry into rBST and the drug approval process. I compared and contrasted the testimony of witnesses and Senators and I uncovered emerging issues, patterns, and themes. This research was an exploratory and qualitative exercise that analyzed how the participants of this Senate inquiry conceptualized and contested the meaning of science, safety, and the states regulatory functions. <p> This research revealed several commonalities between Health Canada management, the human safety panel, and industry representatives. These witnesses argued that the drug approval process must be efficient, standard-driven, and based upon available scientific studies. These witnesses stated that they had confidence in the neutrality and competency of internal standard setting-agencies. They emphasized transparency rather than public participation in the drug approval process. Health and safety were conceptualized as static phenomena to be measured and evaluated by experts. <p>In contrast, Health Canada employees had several commonalities with the Senators, dairy representatives, and witnesses from citizen interest groups. Their testimony supports the argument that health and safety are dynamic social constructs. These actors transformed the boundaries of science to accommodate their precautionary framing of safety. They highlighted several problems with Canadas science-based regulatory framework and demanded that they have a decisive voice in the rBST decision. They challenged the hegemony of industrial capitalism by combining both scientific and lay knowledge to expose the limits and contradictions of industrialized agriculture.

The effects of insulin on milk production were tested employing two different approaches. Firstly, 12 Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of feeding calcium propionate (Ca prop) on dry matter intake (DMI) and production traits. The experimental design was a switchback with 2 treatments (Ca prop at 0 or 300 g/d). The DMI was lower when animals received Ca prop. Ca prop did not affect the yield of milk and its components; however, Ca prop increased protein content. The (acetate+butyrate)/propionate ratio in rumen fluid 2 h after feeding was lower when cows received Ca prop. Plasma insulin concentration was not different between treatments and the putative effect of propionate as an insulin secretagogue was probably related to the maintenance of insulin levels when DMI was lower. In conclusion, Ca prop is a potential feed ingredient to increase protein content in milk. The second approach consisted of intravenous infusion of insulin. A trial was designed to test the effects of insulin, recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) and their interaction in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were used in a Latin Square design with 4 treatments: (1) intravenous infusion of saline, (2) infusion of saline and administration of 40 mg of rbST per day, (3) intravenous infusion of 12 mg of insulin per day coupled with glucose infusion and (4) rbST administration combined with insulin and glucose infusion. The theory that rbST causes a peripheral resistance to insulin was confirmed. Insulin infusion increased percent protein, percent casein and decreased milk urea content regardless of rbST administration. For milk yield, protein yield, casein yield, lactose percent and lactose yield, there was an interaction between insulin and rbST administration. Similarly, there was an interaction between insulin and rbST on plasma IGF-I levels. Fat yield was higher, with a higher content of long chain fatty acids, during rbST administration, regardless of insulin infusion. I

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-198). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-198). Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência do uso da somatotropina bovina (bST) sobre a produção de leite e a avaliação genética de bovinos da raça Holandesa. Para análise foram utilizados dados referentes a 474 touros e observações referentes a 3341 lactações de 1271 vacas, provenientes da Agropecuária Agrindus - S.A no estado de São Paulo no período de 1999 a 2003. Análise de variância (método dos quadrados mínimos) foi realizada pelo procedimento GLM do SAS® (2003), visando identificar o efeito da classe de aplicação do bST sobre a produção de leite aos 305 dias de lactação (PL305). Os valores genéticos preditos dos touros (PBV), componentes de variância e herdabilidade para a característica PL305 foram estimados utilizando-se um modelo animal a partir de duas análises; na primeira incluiu-se o efeito do bST como fixo e na segunda o referido efeito foi ignorado. Foram calculadas correlações de Spearman entre PBV dos touros para quatro conjuntos de touros avaliados: a) todos os touros; b) os melhores 20%; c) os melhores 10% e d) os melhores 5%. As médias da PL305 para as classes de bST foram 9175,11kg - sem bST, 9530,94kg - de 11 a 20 aplicações, 10150,57kg - de 21 a 30 aplicações e 11089,89 Kg de 31 a 59 aplicações. As herdabilidades foram respectivamente de 0,26±0,00 e 0,23±0,00 para as duas análises e as correlações entre os valores genéticos preditos para os conjuntos de touros a, b, c e d foram, respectivamente, 0,9484, 0,9829, 0,9752 e 0,8974. A análise de variância demonstrou as médias de PL305 aumentaram significativamente (P<0,0001), com o aumento do número de aplicações do bST. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade, embora relativamente baixos, indicam possível ganho genético, por meio de seleção, para produção de leite. As altas correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos dos touros, considerando-se ou não o uso do bST no modelo, indicam que o uso desta tecnologia não interfere na classificação dos touros avaliados geneticamente. / The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the use of the bovine somatotropin (bST) on the milk production and the bovine genetic evaluation of Holstein cattle. Data regarding 474 bulls and observation concerning 3341 lactations of 1271 cows from the Agrindus Agriculture and Cattle Raising S.A. in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1999 and 2003 were used for the analysis. The variance analysis (the minimum square method) was performed by the GLM procedure of the SAS® (2003) for identify the effects of the application class of the bST on the milk production at 305 days of lactation (PL305). For the bulls, the predicted breeding values (PBV), variance components and heritability for the PL305 characteristic were estimated using an animal model from two analyses; in the first, the bST was considered as fixed effect and in the second, the effect of bST was ignored. Spearman correlations between PBV for four sets of evaluated bulls were calculated: a) all bulls; b) the best 20%; c) the best 10% and d) the best 5%. The PL305 averages for the bST classes were 9175.11kg without bST; 9530.94kg from 11 to 20 applications; 10150.57kg from 21 to 30 applications; and 11089.89kg from 31 to 59 applications. The heritabilities were 0.26±0.00 and 0.23±0.00 respectively for both analyses and the correlations between the PBV for a, b, c, and d bull sets were, respectively, 0.9484, 0.9829, 0.9752 and 0.8974. The variance analysis demonstrated that the PL305 averages increased significantly (P<0.0001) with the increase of number of bST applications. The heritability coefficients, although relatively low, indicate a possible genetic gain, by selection, for milk production. The Spearman high correlations between the PBV of bulls, considering or not the bST use in the model, indicate that the use of this technology does not interfere in the genetically evaluated bulls classification.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 269793 bytes, checksum: 7ace1f379fb4f111e4dbe56c3e1179e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the administration, of 500 mg rbST (recombinant bovine somatotropin) in the moment of estrous of recipient heifers and cows inovulation with fresh embryos and 250 and 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulated with defrosted embryos, in progesterone serum concentration (P4) on the day of the inovulation and at the pregnancy rate at day 30. Blood samples were collected in the day of the inovulation by puncture of the coccygeal vein or artery for assaying of the serum P4 concentration. 259 crossbred recipients, appraised as able for reproduction, were used and divided in two studies. In the first study 144 recipient heifers received fresh embryos, randomly sorted among the experiments. The control (T1) was composed by 77 recipients, and the treated (T2) 67 recipients that received 500mg rbST at the moment of estrous. In a second study, it was used 115 recipients that receive defrosted embryos subdivided in 3 treatments. 53 recipient heifers composed the control (T1), the treated 2 (T2) was composed by 22 recipients that received 250 mg of rbST and the treated 3 (T3) was composed by 40 recipients that received 500 mg of rbST. The pregnancy rate of the first study was 65.7% (44 pregnant recipients) among the animals of T2 and 32.5% (25 pregnant recipients) at T1, which demonstrates the positive effect (P<0.01) from the use of rbST on pregnancy rate. However, the average concentrations of serum P4 in the day of the inovulation was 2.54±0.19 mg/ml for the animals of T1 and 2.27±0.20 mg/ml for the T2, there was no difference (P>0.05). The pregnancy rate of the second study recipients was 45.3% (24 recipients) among the animals of the group T1, 50.0% (11 recipient) for T2 and 52.5% (21 recipient) for T3. The average concentrations of serum P4 in the day of the inovulation were: T1 (control) = 5.41±2.33 mg/ml, T2 (250 mg rbST) = 5.77±2.19 mg/ml and T3 (treated - 500 mg rbST) = 4.77 ± 1.78 mg/ml. The results of the second study demonstrate the absence of effect (P>0.05) on the rbST use over the pregnancy rate and the serum P4 concentration. We can conclude that the administration of 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulation that receive fresh embryo at the moment of the estrous was able to improve the pregnancy rate, but not the concentration of progesterone serum P4. However, when administered 250 or 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulated that receive defrosted embryos, we are able to conclude that there was no positive effect on the pregnancy rate and on the progesterone serum concentration. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração, no dia do estro, de 500 mg de rbST (somatotropina bovina recombinante) em receptoras inovuladas com embriões transferidos à fresco e de 250 e 500 mg de rbST em receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados, sobre a concentração sérica de progesterona (P4) no dia da inovulação e a taxa de gestação aos 30 dias. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas no dia das inovulações por punção da veia ou artéria coccígea para análise da concentração sérica de P4. Foram utilizadas 259 receptoras mestiças, avaliadas como aptas a reprodução e divididas em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo foram utilizadas 144 receptoras, inovuladas com embriões à fresco, distribuídas aleatoriamente entre os tratamentos. O controle (T1) foi constituído por 77 receptoras e o tratado (T2) por 67 receptoras que receberam a administração de 500 mg de rbST no momento do estro. Em um segundo estudo utilizou-se 115 receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados subdivididas em três tratamentos. O controle (T1) foi constituido por 53 receptoras, o tratado 2 (T2) por 22 receptoras submetidas a administração de 250 mg de rbST e o tratado 3 (T3) por 40 receptoras que receberam a administração de 500 mg de rbST. As fêmeas do primeiro estudo apresentaram taxas de gestações de 65,7% (44 receptoras gestantes) entre os animais do grupo T2 e 32,5% (25 receptoras gestantes) para os do grupo T1, o que demonstra o efeito positivo (P<0,01) do uso da rbST sobre a taxa de gestação. Entretanto, as concentrações médias de P4 sérica no dia da inovulação foram de 2,54±0,19 ng/mL para os animais do T1 e 2,27±0,20 ng/mL para os do T2, não sendo observada diferença (P>0,05). No segundo estudo as taxas de gestações encontradas foram de 45,3% (24 receptoras) para T1, 50% (11 receptoras) para T2 e 52,5% (21 receptoras) para T3. As concentrações médias de P4 sérica no dia da inovulação foram de T1 (controle) = 5,41±2,33 ng/mL, T2 (250 mg rbST) = 5,77±2,19 ng/mL e T3 (500 mg rbST) = 4,77±1,78 ng/mL. Os resultados obtidos neste segundo estudo demonstram a ausência de efeito (P>0,05) do uso da rbST sobre as taxas de gestações e as concentrações séricas de P4. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 500 mg de rbST em receptoras inovuladas com embriões à fresco no momento do estro, foi capaz de melhorar a taxa de gestação, mas não a concentração sérica de progesterona. No entanto, ao serem administradas 250 ou 500 mg de rbST receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados conclui-se a ausência de efeito positivo nas taxas de gestações e nas concentrações séricas de progesterona.