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The central focus is on the testing of the causes and effects of export earnings instability in Brazil, 1953-1983. While Brazil has been included in some cross-sectional studies of fluctuations in export earnings, it has not been the subject of a case study, as is provided here. We test the traditional theory which stipulates that increased diversification of exports will decrease export earnings instability, and that in turn, a decrease in export earnings instability will enhance economic growth. While we do find that export diversification in Brazil did result in lower export earnings instability, the lower export earnings instability did not in turn stimulate economic growth. Our results indicate that the export earnings instability of manufactured goods was positively associated with the growth rate of Brazil's Gross National Product. The results of this case study may prove relevant to other developing countries striving to emulate the Brazilian success in diversifying into manufactured exports.

Spirit cults constitute an important element of Brazilian society. One of these, Umbanda, has in recent decades achieved prominence nationally. A historical survey of cult groups in Manaus shows that although they have always been in a state of change, they have recently been experiencing a period of accelerated transformation under the influence of Umbanda. This study documents the development of Umbanda in Manaus. / This is done in two steps. First, by analyzing the history of Umbanda it becomes evident that it has not only amalgamated a number of religious traditions, but still today continues to encompass numerous regional cults. Several authors suggest that urbanization and industrialization have advanced the spread of Umbanda. This thesis shows that while this is indeed the case, the integration of Umbanda beliefs and practices into the cult life of the region is effected by a particular form of mediumistic trance. / As a second step, an analysis of trance as a dynamic feature of Umbanda reveals how this occurs. The trance forms the pivotal point of communicative events in Umbanda; it gives rise to a special form of leadership based on the communications of the spirits and which functions through a medium's or leader's manipulation of "public" (generally accepted) and "private" (personal) elements of cult knowledge. Because it gives a central position to innovation and individual elaboration, the Umbanda trance form allows full freedom for the incorporation of practices from local cult groups. The resulting process of mutual assimilation between regional cults and Umbanda holds implications for cultists both as individuals and as members of a socio-economic group.

A fifteen-year plan has been developed for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) aquaculture in Brazil. Guidelines are recommended for implementing reachable goals within a reasonable time frame, taking into consideration current status of technology development, environmental parameters, logistics and market. This plan reports potentialities, constraints and outlines the infrastructure and operational needs of a vertically integrated (hatchery and growout) cobia aquaculture industry in Brazil. Fingerlings availability, manpower, feeds among others essential requirements are evaluated and discussed. A pilot-scale operation plan including risk and financial analysis is also presented for the early development stages of the project. Asian countries, especially China, Taiwan and Vietnam, where approximately 50,000 tons are produced per year, currently dominate cobia aquaculture. Although production is expanding rapidly, combined yielding is still incipient. By 2025, an increasing global population is expected to raise seafood demand on 37% (FAO, 2010) and this plan is intended to profit from it. Therefore, the aim is to supply 2.5% of the global aquaculture marine fish demand by 2025, which will be approximately 66,750 tons of cobia per year according to our projections.

Bibliography: leaves 342-371. / Microfiche. / ix, 371 leaves, bound 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1966. / Bibliography: leaves 139-146. / x, 232 l mounted illus., tables (part mounted)

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1969. / Includes bibliographies. / 1 v. (various pagings) illus., tables

Univ. Federal de Pernambuco, Diss.--Recife, 2002.

Thesis (M. S.)--Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Silva, Emilson; Committee Member: Kilic, Rehim; Committee Member: Li, Haizheng.