This thesis contends that; in mainstream rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, use of community title guidelines for sub-division should consider social processes and environmental considerations along-side economic imperatives and interactions. Community title is a form of land tenure that allows for private freehold ownership of land as well as community owned land within the one sub-division. In New South Wales, community title was introduced in 1990 under the Community Land Development Act 1989 (NSW) and the Community Land Management Act 1989 (NSW). Since the introduction of community title, upwards of one hundred and fifty developments, ranging from just a few blocks to the size of small suburbs, have been approved throughout the state. The original aim of community title was to provide a legal framework that underpinned theme-based broad-acre development. Themebased development could include a Permaculture© village, a rural retreat for likeminded equine enthusiasts, or even a medieval village. Community title is also seen as an expedient form of land tenure for both developers and shire councils. Under community title, a developer only has to submit a single development application for a multi-stage development. This can significantly reduce a developer's exposure to risk. From a shire council's perspective, common land and resources within a development, which would otherwise revert to council responsibility for management, becomes the collective responsibility of all the land owners within the development, effectively obviating council from any responsibility for management of that land. Community title is also being touted in planning and policy as a way of achieving 'sustainable' environmental management in new subdivisions. The apparent expediency of community title has meant that development under these guidelines has very quickly moved beyond theme-based development into mainstream rural residential development. Community title effectively provides a framework for participatory governance of these developments. The rules governing a community title development are set out in the management statement, which is submitted to the local council and the state government with the development application. A community association, which includes all lot owners, manages the development. Unless written into the original development application, the council has no role in the management of the common land and resources. This thesis looks at the peri-urban zone around one of Australia's fastest growing cities - Canberra, whose population growth and relative affluence is impacting on rural residential activity in the shires surrounding the Australian Capital Territory. Yarrowlumla Shire, immediately adjacent to the ACT, has experienced a 362 percent increase in population since 1971. Much of this growth has been in the form of rural residential or hobby farm development. Since 1990, about fifteen percent of the development in Yarrowlumla Shire has been community title. The Yass Shire, to the north of the ACT, has shown a forty five percent population increase since 1971. Community title in that shire has accounted for over fifty percent of development since 1990. The thesis case study is set in Yass Shire. The major research question addressed in the thesis is; does community title, within the context of rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, facilitate community-based environmental management and education? Subsidiary questions are; what are the issues in and around rural residential developments within the context of the study, who are the stakeholders and what role do they play and; what skills and support are required to facilitate community-based environmental management and education within the context of the study area? To answer the research questions I undertook an interpretive case study, using ethnographic methods, of rural residential development near the village of Murrumbateman in the Yass Shire, thirty kilometres north of Canberra. At the time of the study, which was undertaken in 1996, the developments involved had been established for about four years. The case study revealed that, as a result of stakeholders and residents not being prepared for the management implications of community title, un-necessary conflict was created between residents and between residents and stakeholders. Community-based environmental management issues were not considered until these issues of conflict were addressed and residents had spent enough time in the estates to familiarise themselves with their environment and with each other. Once residents realised that decisions made by the community association could affect them, there developed a desire to participate in the process of management. Eventually, earlier obstacles were overcome and a sense of community began to develop through involvement in the community association. As residents became more involved, the benefits of having ownership of the community association began to emerge. However, this research found that management of a broad acre rural residential development under community title was far more complicated than any of the stakeholders, or any but the most legally minded residents, were prepared for.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the viability and sustainability of preferential procurement in the metals and engineering sector. Preferential procurement is one of the seven elements of Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and seeks to encourage companies to procure goods and services from black empowered suppliers. The Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment Act was legislated in 2004 as an improvement on the previous Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). The objective of these legislations was to increase participation of previously disadvantaged groups in the mainstream economy. BEE was deemed to be narrow because it focused exclusively on ownership and management control. BBBEE was enacted to broaden the number of beneficiaries and included five other elements, namely: Employment Equity, Skills Development, Preferential Procurement, Enterprise Development and Socio–economic Development. The two companies that engage in preferential procurement should benefit from the relationship and value should be created in the process. Companies should not procure from black suppliers for accumulating points on the generic scorecard. Black–owned suppliers should provide service and products of the highest quality standards that meet customer requirements. The questionnaire that reflects on the objectives of this study was drafted and circulated to black–owned suppliers for completion. The suppliers were asked to comment on statements that reflect on capacity, profitability, working relationship and continuity. The results show that the SMMEs have capacity to perform according to specification of customers. The area of concern was the difficulty for SMMEs to maintain the current preferential status. This is a risk that needs urgent attention. This needs further in–depth study and analysis. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the viability and sustainability of preferential procurement in the metals and engineering sector. Preferential procurement is one of the seven elements of Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and seeks to encourage companies to procure goods and services from black empowered suppliers. The Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment Act was legislated in 2004 as an improvement on the previous Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). The objective of these legislations was to increase participation of previously disadvantaged groups in the mainstream economy. BEE was deemed to be narrow because it focused exclusively on ownership and management control. BBBEE was enacted to broaden the number of beneficiaries and included five other elements, namely: Employment Equity, Skills Development, Preferential Procurement, Enterprise Development and Socio–economic Development. The two companies that engage in preferential procurement should benefit from the relationship and value should be created in the process. Companies should not procure from black suppliers for accumulating points on the generic scorecard. Black–owned suppliers should provide service and products of the highest quality standards that meet customer requirements. The questionnaire that reflects on the objectives of this study was drafted and circulated to black–owned suppliers for completion. The suppliers were asked to comment on statements that reflect on capacity, profitability, working relationship and continuity. The results show that the SMMEs have capacity to perform according to specification of customers. The area of concern was the difficulty for SMMEs to maintain the current preferential status. This is a risk that needs urgent attention. This needs further in–depth study and analysis. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

A presente Dissertação centra-se no estudo da busca de um conceito amplo de saúde. Constata-se que a Doutrina Jurídica Sanitária não se preocupa com o real conteúdo da saúde, remetendo a conceituação para as leis e tratados internacionais, que também não o alcançam. Assim, foca o debate na questão da obrigatoriedade ou não das prestações de saúde pelo Estado, fundamentando-se, para tanto, na realidade do que é Judicializado. Tal modo de observar a saúde restringe o seu conteúdo, não se coadunando com o referido conceito amplo de saúde assegurado constitucionalmente. Revela-se, assim, uma incongruência entre a conceituação, que deve ser ampla, e o tratamento conferido pela Doutrina Jurídica acerca do direito à saúde, que o restringe. Por isso, recorreu-se à Doutrina da Medicina Social, a fim de se buscar a essência da saúde e, em conseqüência, possibilitar uma cincepção mais ampla. A saúde é entendida, então, como um direito social, fundamental e humano, cuja prestação efetiva é essencial para o bem estar dos cidadãos. Como pano de fundo teórico utiliza-se a vinculação do Estado a sua finalidade, que não pode ser outra, senão a felicidade genuína de seu povo. / This dissertation intends to study the search for a "broad concept of health". It appears that the Legal Sanitary Doctrine doesnt concern about the actual content of health and leaves it for international laws and treaties, which dont reach the broad concept aimed. Thus, the debate focuses on the question of whether or not the requirement for health services by the state, basing himself to do so, the reality of what is judicialized. This way of looking at health restricts its content and is not consistent with the aforementioned "broad concept of health" constitutionally guaranteed. It is, therefore, an incongruity between the concept, which should be ample, and the treatment given by the Legal Sanitary Doctrine, which restricts them. Therefore, we resorted to the Doctrine of Social Medicine, in order to find the essence of which is health and, consequently, its broad concept. Health is understood, then, as a social right, fundamental and human, whose actual provision is essential for the well being of citizens. As theoretical background, it uses the linking of the state to its purpose, which can not be other than the genuine happiness of his people.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlaviaCC_Capa_ate_pag15.pdf: 8751469 bytes, checksum: df79b8a134d4a6869e65f7ed508775af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-17 / ln this work, planar quasi- Y agi antennas are investigated based on the concept of the classic Y agi_Uda antennas. These antennas represent improvements on the topologies of the antennas existing printed because they present characteristics of broad bandwidth, excellent radiation diagrams and simple construction. New configurations are adapted for the driver of the antennas, introducing patches elements into the driver. These new configurations are named Patches Elements Anteonas (PEA). This adaptation is obtained from simulations that are executed usiog the software C8T Microwave 8tudio 5. After doing the optimizations, procedures for construction and measurement ofthe prototypes are executed in order to improve the performance of the antennas in such way that they could be used in wireless communication applications, such as Bluetooth, WLAN' s and Wi-Fi. Next, the quasi- Y agi antennas are studied in order to implement them in arrangements. The arrangements construction is based 00 the best driver configuration of the antenna developed in this work. First, a linear arrangement composed by two elements of quasi?Yagi antennas is constructed in such way that the radiation characteristics and the mutual coupling effects could be analyzed. After that, a 90? angle arrangement composed by two elements is studied to observe the effect of circular polarization. Experiments are executed in order to evaluate the arrangements performance. The experimental results show that the analysis made in this work is efficient and accurate. The numerical values obtained for the analyzed parameters of each structure developed are compared with the experimental values. 80, it is possible to observe a good concordance between them. Finally, some future works proposals are presented / Neste trabalho, antenas planares quasi-Yagi s?o estudadas com base no conceito das antenas Yagi-Uda cl?ssicas. Estas antenas representam melhorias sobre as topologias das antenas impressas existentes por apresentarem caracter?sticas de banda larga, excelentes diagramas de irradia??o e constru??o simples. Novas configura??es s?o adaptadas para o driver das antenas, introduzindo elementos patches sobre o driver. Essas novas configura??es s?o chamadas de Antenas de Elementos Patches (AEP). Esta adapta??o ? obtida realizando simula??es de otimiza??o com o aux?lio do software CST Microwave Studio 5. Ap?s as otimiza??es, procedimentos para constru??o e medi??o dos prot?tipos s?o realizados com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das antenas para aplica??es de comunica??es sem fio, tais como Bluetooth, WLAN's e Wi-Fi. Posteriormente, as antenas quasi- Yagi s?o estudadas com o intuito de implement?-Ias em arranjos. A constru??o dos arranjos baseia-se na melhor configura??o do driver da antena desenvolvida por este trabalho. Primeiramente, um arranjo linear com dois elementos de antenas quasi-Yagi ? constru?do de tal forma que as caracter?sticas de irradia??o e o efeito do acoplamento m?tuo pudessem ser analisados. Em seguida, um arranjo composto por dois elementos dispostos sob um ?ngulo de 900 ? estudado para se observar o efeito da polariza??o circular. Experimentos s?o executados para avaliar o desempenho dos arranjos. Os resultados dos experimentos demonstram que a an?lise efetuada neste trabalho ? eficiente e precisa. Os valores num?ricos obtidos para os par?metros analisados em cada estrutura desenvolvida s?o comparados com os valores experimentais. Com isso, ? poss?vel observar uma boa concord?ncia entre eles. Por fim, algumas propostas para a realiza??o de trabalhos futuros s?o apresentadas

A presente Dissertação centra-se no estudo da busca de um conceito amplo de saúde. Constata-se que a Doutrina Jurídica Sanitária não se preocupa com o real conteúdo da saúde, remetendo a conceituação para as leis e tratados internacionais, que também não o alcançam. Assim, foca o debate na questão da obrigatoriedade ou não das prestações de saúde pelo Estado, fundamentando-se, para tanto, na realidade do que é Judicializado. Tal modo de observar a saúde restringe o seu conteúdo, não se coadunando com o referido conceito amplo de saúde assegurado constitucionalmente. Revela-se, assim, uma incongruência entre a conceituação, que deve ser ampla, e o tratamento conferido pela Doutrina Jurídica acerca do direito à saúde, que o restringe. Por isso, recorreu-se à Doutrina da Medicina Social, a fim de se buscar a essência da saúde e, em conseqüência, possibilitar uma cincepção mais ampla. A saúde é entendida, então, como um direito social, fundamental e humano, cuja prestação efetiva é essencial para o bem estar dos cidadãos. Como pano de fundo teórico utiliza-se a vinculação do Estado a sua finalidade, que não pode ser outra, senão a felicidade genuína de seu povo. / This dissertation intends to study the search for a "broad concept of health". It appears that the Legal Sanitary Doctrine doesnt concern about the actual content of health and leaves it for international laws and treaties, which dont reach the broad concept aimed. Thus, the debate focuses on the question of whether or not the requirement for health services by the state, basing himself to do so, the reality of what is judicialized. This way of looking at health restricts its content and is not consistent with the aforementioned "broad concept of health" constitutionally guaranteed. It is, therefore, an incongruity between the concept, which should be ample, and the treatment given by the Legal Sanitary Doctrine, which restricts them. Therefore, we resorted to the Doctrine of Social Medicine, in order to find the essence of which is health and, consequently, its broad concept. Health is understood, then, as a social right, fundamental and human, whose actual provision is essential for the well being of citizens. As theoretical background, it uses the linking of the state to its purpose, which can not be other than the genuine happiness of his people.