Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 11, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004. / Thesis Advisor(s): Geoffrey Xie. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-237). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-237). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005. / Title from title screen. Merrill Morris, committee chair; Marian Meyers, Douglas Barthlow, committee members. Electronic text (98 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 21, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96).

It is widely recognized that broadcast spectrum is utilized inefficiently. The principle technical cause of this inefficiency is inexpensive receiver design. In addition, the economics of the industry are such that users do not pay the opportunity costs of spectrum associated with these receivers. In this paper, I develop an approach that would internalize the spectrum opportunity costs so that consumers will make decisions that are economically more rational in terms of their choice of the program delivery channel.

Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be external or a female can draw sperm into a burrow, brooding chamber or onto her external surface. Hence, sperm are now being released into rapidly changing seawater conditions. In this thesis, I firstly assess what is currently known on the potential for OA and other anthropogenic stressors to influence freely spawned sperm in marine invertebrate taxa. I then present a series of experimental chapters investigating the influence of OA, as a single stressor or in conjunction with a second stressor, copper, on sperm function, physiology and competitive fertilisation performance in a range of invertebrate taxa. My research demonstrates that sperm are vulnerable to the projected changes in seawater carbonate chemistry under OA, with responses observed at all biological levels from sperm physiology, swimming performance, fertilisation ecology and sperm competitiveness. In a multi-stressor experiment on polychaete gametes and larvae, I provide empirical evidence that changes to seawater pH under OA can alter the susceptibility of early life stages including sperm, to the common coastal pollutant copper. Sperm DNA damage increased by 150 % and larval survivorship was reduced by 44 % in combined exposures, than when exposed to copper alone. As a single stressor OA also acted to significantly reduce Arenicola marina sperm swimming speeds and fertilisation success. This work was followed up with a mechanistic investigation of A. marina sperm swimming performance under OA conditions. I found that the length of time between spawning and fertilisation can strongly influence the impact of OA on sperm performance. Key fitness-related aspects of sperm functioning declined after several hours under OA conditions, and these declines could not be explained by changes in sperm ATP content, oxygen consumption or viability. In a final set of experiments, I ran a set of paired competitive fertilisation trials in the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. In addition to reducing fundamental sperm performance parameters, OA conditions affected competitive interactions between males during fertilisation, with potential implications for the proportion of offspring contributed by each male under the new conditions. This work suggests that the ‘best’ males currently may not be the most competitive under OA. Overall this body of work reveals a series of significant changes to sperm performance under OA that might act to perturb sperm functioning in future oceans.

Este trabalho investiga a atuação do repórter de TV, profissional que, apesar de ser o principal narrador das histórias retratadas na televisão, se encontra à margem das pesquisas em telejornalismo. O objetivo foi mapear um estilo do repórter sob uma perspectiva histórica, buscando identificar diferenças e permanências nos elementos visuais da passagem, termo que no jargão jornalístico se refere ao momento em que o repórter aparece na reportagem. Como referencial teórico, utiliza-se o conceito de habitus de Bourdieu (2011), estudos de performance e dramaturgia de Goffman (1985), Coutinho (2012) e Gutmann (2012), entre outros autores, como Vizeu (2005), Benjamin (1996), Abreu e Lima (2010) e Mota (2001). Foram analisadas 72 reportagens das primeiras décadas do telejornalismo brasileiro e 73 reportagens contemporâneas, totalizando 145 passagens. Os resultados apontam um aumento no uso de movimentos de câmera, assim como o repórter também está se movimentando mais durante a passagem. O enquadramento mais utilizado é o plano americano, mas o plano geral, em que o repórter aparece de corpo inteiro, se tornou mais usual. O tempo médio da passagem aumentou, a formalidade do figurino está sendo deixada de lado e o grafismo surge como elemento visual auxiliar do repórter. O trabalho ainda reafirma a importância do papel do repórter de TV, figura que conduz a narrativa, confere credibilidade ao relato e estabelece um elo com a audiência. / This paper investigates the performance of the TV reporter, a professional that, despite being the main narrator of the stories on television, is excluded of researches in television journalism. The goal was to map a reporter style from a historical perspective in order to identify differences and continuities in the visual elements of the piece to camera, a term that in the journalistic jargon refers to the moment the reporter appears on TV. As a theoretical framework, we use the concept of habitus of Bourdieu (2011), performance and dramaturgy studies of Goffman (1985), Coutinho (2012) and Gutmann (2012), among others, as Vizeu (2005), Benjamin (1996), Abreu e Lima (2010) and Mota (2001). For this study, we analyzed 73 reports from the first decades of Brazilian television and 72 current reports, totalizing 145 pieces to camera. The results show an increase in the use of camera movements, and the reporter is also moving more during the piece to camera. The most widely used framework is the medium shot, but the wide shot, in which the reporter appears full body, became more common. The average time the reporter is displayed on the vídeo increased, the formality of clothing is being left aside and the graphics appears as a visual element helping the reporter. The study also reaffirms the importance of the TV reporter, that leads the narrative, gives credibility to the report and establishes a link with the audience.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivando avaliar o comportamento das emissões de CO2 do solo em áreas mineradas do município de Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ e sua correlação com a rizosfera, este presente estudo utilizou uma câmara fechada com sensor de infravermelho em três diferentes paisagens, a saber: A-1 (área reflorestada há 10 anos), A-2 (área desmatada) e A-3 (área em processo de recuperação). Em cada área foi instalada três cilindros para efeitos de repetição. O monitoramento foi realizado durante os meses representativos de cada estação do ano de 2013, sendo a análise realizada durante dois dias consecutivos. Concomitantemente as coletas de CO2 foram realizadas coletas de dados de temperatura e umidade do solo, sendo também avaliadas informações pedológicas através das análises de granulometria, porosidade, pH, carbono orgânico e matéria orgânica. Informações meteorológicas e microclimatológicas também foram extraídas através de uma estação meteorológica automática e através de sensores portáteis. Os resultados permitem concluir que existe uma variação sazonal dos fluxos de CO2, havendo uma tendência de máximos de emissão durante o verão e de mínimas durante o inverno, sendo o outono e a primavera marcados por valores medianos. A correlação das áreas entre os dois dias monitoramento indicam que as emissões foram semelhantes ao da análise em dia anterior, apresentando uma correlação significativa a 5% para A-1 e A-2 e de 1% para A-3. A-1 e A-2 apresentaram emissões de CO2 mais homogêneas que A-3, havendo, entretanto, um maior fluxo de CO2 durante o verão para todas as áreas. Os dados de MOS, COS e pH demonstraram não haver uma correlação direta com as emissões de CO2. Os dados de porosidade e densidade, porém, apontam para uma possível correlação com as menores emissões de CO2 em A-3 devido a menor porosidade e maior densidade de seus solos. A temperatura do solo foi a variável que mais se correlacionou com as emissões de CO2, havendo um índice igual a r =0,68 para A-1 e de r =0,74 para A-2, sendo que em A-3 esta correlação não foi significativa. A temperatura do ar demonstrou uma correlação somente na área descampada de A-2. No que se refere à correlação da umidade do solo não houve correlações diretas significativas, sendo que somente houve uma correlação negativa (r=-0,50) significativa a 5% em A-3 com a umidade do ar. O diagnóstico ambiental das áreas de monitoramento revela que estas possuem baixos indicadores de qualidade, sendo afetados também pela escassez hídrica da região durante oito meses do ano. A-1 apresenta os melhores indicadores biológicos, químicos e microclimáticos, seguidos por A-2 e A-3 que apresentam diversas deficiências e problemas em termos de estrutura e atividade biológica dos solos. Neste estudo permite-se concluir que áreas próximas, porém com características distintas podem produzir diferentes padrões de emissão de CO2, dificultando, portanto, estimativas globais de emissão de CO2. Os elementos mais associados às emissões de CO2 parecem estar relacionados à temperatura do solo e do ar, umidade do ar e estrutura do solo, havendo, entretanto, outros fatores que podem estar indiretamente relacionados e que exercem diferentes influências de acordo com o ambiente analisado. / Seeking evaluate the performance of CO2 emissions from soil in mined areas in the municipality of Saint Anthony of Padua - RJ and its correlation with the rhizosphere , the present study used a closed chamber with infrared sensor in three different landscapes , namely: A- 1 ( reforested area 10 years ago ) , a- 2 ( pasture) and A- 3 (area under recovery ) . In each area was installed three cylinders for the purpose of repetition. Monitoring was conducted during the months representing each season of the year 2013, with an analysis performed for two consecutive days. Simultaneously the analyses of temperature and soil moisture were performed, and also evaluated soil information by analyzing particle size , porosity, pH , organic carbon and organic matter information microclimatológicas and of weather were also extracted through sensors automatic and portable.The results indicate that there is a seasonal variation in CO2 fluxes , there is a trend of maximum emission during summer and minimum during winter , with autumn and spring marked by median values . The correlation among the areas two days indicate that monitoring emissions analysis were similar to the previous days, presenting a significant correlation to 5 % for A -1 and A -2 and A- 1 to 3 %. A- 1 and A- 2 had CO2 emissions more homogeneous than A- 3, there are, however, a greater flow of CO2 during the summer for all areas. MOS data, COS and pH showed no direct correlation with CO2 emissions. The porosity and density data, however, point to a possible correlation with the lowest CO2 emissions in A- 3 due to lower porosity and higher density of your soil. Soil temperature was the variable that was most associated with CO2 emissions, with an equal index for air = 0.68 A- 1 and r = 0.74 for A- 2, and A- 3 in this correlation was not significant. The air temperature showed a correlation only in the open area A- 2. With regard to the correlation of soil moisture no significant direct correlations, and only there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.50) to 5 % in A- 3 with the humidity. The environmental assessment of the areas of monitoring shows that these have low quality indicators is also affected by water shortages in the region for eight months of the year. A- 1 shows the best biological, chemical and microclimatic indicators, followed by A-2 and A- 3 which have several deficiencies and problems in terms of structure and biological activity of soil. In this study, we conclude that nearby areas , but with distinct characteristics can produce different patterns of CO2 emission , thus hindering global estimates of CO2 emissions . Most elements associated CO2 emissions appear to be related to soil temperature and air temperature , humidity and soil , however , other factors that may be indirectly related and exert different influences according to the analyzed environment .

abstract: This is a case study of weathercasters in a large U.S. television market from five different English speaking stations conducted before, during, and after a severe weather season. The research applies the ethnographic process to inscribe and define the culture of local weathercasters in the news environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the extant cultural characteristics discerned by weathercasters and the changes in weather broadcast technology used by live “on-air” television personnel. Forty-nine elite, in depth interviews with 17 different weathercasters along with participant and non-participant observation yielded transcripts and field notes obtained during the six month data acquisition phase. Using qualitative methods and the CAQDAS program Dedoose, 953 coded excerpts from the transcripts were analyzed for various patterns, behaviors, and characteristics relevant to culture, technology, and perceptions of weathercasters. The excerpts revealed dominant cultural aspects defined as dichotomous differences, autonomous functions, and identity perceptions. Socio-technical models are explicated in relationship to control, knowledge, and strategic coping mechanisms. The newsroom and weathercaster co-cultural context is defined by the conformity versus autonomy relationship and the external and internal structure of the weathercaster’s working environment is delineated. Co-cultural models explain the way influence operates in severe weather situations within the newsroom culture. The results have utility for scholars studying technology, culture, newsroom routines, rituals, and professionals who work in the television news industry. The findings are highly relevant for television weathercasters, newsroom producers, and broadcast managers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Journalism and Mass Communication 2016