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Thesis (M.F.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Online streaming video portal YouTube began life with the slogan "Broadcast Yourself" as its guiding ethos. Those words invite a critical exploration of YouTube’s relationship to broadcast media history and the current economic, social, and technological landscape of television. Precedent for the discourses of medium-specific ideologies circulating around YouTube is found in the alternative television production cultures of the late 1960s-early 1980s and the processes of radio regulation and spectrum allocation in 1927-1934. In the final analysis, YouTube operates as a simulation of the established television industry, pretending to be disruptive while developing itself as an industry according to the same capitalist logics that structure mainstream television. Thus, YouTube should not be thought of as a viable alternative structure to the television industry. Particular consideration is given to the impacts of YouTube’s technological and industrial structures on queer media producers and consumers. / 2999-01-01

Due to high frequency and occurrence of chronic kidney diseases in Taiwan, as well as the low public awareness, this research aims to explore the knowledge construction process of Hemodialysis in health broadcasting programs from a health communication point of view. This research intended to answer the following questions: 1) What are health radio program audience types? 2) How does the knowledge on hemodialysis differ among audiences? 3) What is the knowledge construction process among audience in regards to hemodialysis? Data were collected by ten episodes of the Kaohsiung Police Ration Station¡¦s ¡§Medical Network¡¨ program for a six month period (January ~ June 2011). This research has utilized content analysis method on the audience type, quantitative description on questions identified by the audience and qualitative methods to summarize and interpret the audience¡¦s knowledge construction process on hemodialysis. The results showed that the main audiences for health broadcast programs are mostly male, age 31 to 50 years, holding profession as drivers, service personnel and potential patients. Among them, the potential patients and their family members most often times ask diagnostic questions, falling into the compelled group in seek of knowledge. Those who have not been diagnosed with the disease often times bring up knowledge confirmation questions, belonging to the proactive knowledge chaser group. These two groups also demonstrated different hemodialysis knowledge construction processes. While the radio program host plays the role of knowledge enhancer to the diagnostic-need group (potential patients), the role transfers to a knowledge transformation model for the knowledge confirmation group (non-patients). Participating physicians follow the treatment process of ¡V examination, diagnosis and treatment to deliver information. The research process shall provide broadcasters or other media professionals a best practice on how the audience absorbs information - to study the distribution and motives of the audience and to deliver the knowledge of health and illnesses.

In this study l investigate the Singaporean characteristics of broadcast media internationalisation. I ask the question &quote Does Internationalisation lead to homogenisation and commercialisation of the television culture in Singapore or does it give way to more diversity, thus stimulating cultural differentiation?&quote . I articulate the constraints and/or tensions of supranational regulation, foreign policy, regional and intraregional alliances upon communication and the cultural and social effects as they impact on and respond to production, programming, scheduling and output in Singapore. I explain how Singaporean Television media culture takes part in the processes of globalisation, and how it challenges existing cultures and creates new and alternative symbolic and cultural communities, within the context of regional communication. In this thesis 1 conclude that whilst Singapore definitely does not have equity in information, wealth or resource flows it is attempting to liberalise. To do so, the government recognises that serious inadequacies and imbalances must be addressed and that the path to greater political and economic growth is through an actively informed public. Despite regulatory restrictions on data flow and technical and service ownership, Singapore is encouraging regional alliances, depoliticising cultural differences and concentrating on economic imperatives to build mutual knowledge and understanding, multilateral agreements, collective ownership, mutual exchange and cooperative dissemination.

Recent advances in networking technology have led to a paradigm shift in broadcast media. The entry of the Internet as a form of popular media means that traditional media are now seeking to transform themselves in a bid for survival. Changes in media broadcasting methods have made the spread and acquisition of information faster and easier. Today¡¦s youth of the E-generation live in an economically stable and technologically advanced society. Changes in society, politics and the traditional family structure have made youths an increasingly important market as their buying power and influence on family decisions have increased. The goal of this study is to discover how the subjects of this study utilize various types of media. Media utilization includes their media preferences, utilization frequency and duration as well as where they use it most often. Beyond utilization, the study goes on to examine and categorize the subjects¡¦ lifestyle and media utilization motives. The study then seeks to discover if there are any links between the subjects¡¦ lifestyles and their media utilization motives. Finally, the study examines the question of ¡§Do different lifestyles or media utilization motives lead to differences in media utilization?¡¨ The subjects of this study were E-generation youths (i.e. young people aged between 13 and 22). Taking into consideration the ease of conducting the survey, information availability and cost, Taipei and Kaohsiung (including their counties and cities) were selected as the regions to be sampled. As for the types of media, the five common forms of TV, newspapers, magazines, the Internet and radio were selected for use in this study into media preferences and usage. For this study, the collection of samples was carried out in the form of questionnaire surveys in Taipei and Kaohsiung. After the sample data was acquired, the lifestyles and media utilization motives were categorized and labeled. After factor analysis, lifestyle was divided into four categories: ¡§Community Involvement and Socialization¡¨, ¡§Fashionable and Trendy¡¨, ¡§Pro-Active¡¨ and ¡§Internet Home¡¨; media utilization motives were divided into three types, these being: ¡§Need for Entertainment and Peer Acceptance¡¨, ¡§Need to Increase Knowledge and Skills¡¨ and ¡§Need for Fashion Shopping¡¨. Finally the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 10.0 software in order to validate the study¡¦s various hypotheses. The results of the study indicated that among youths the media preference was TV first, followed by the Internet. As for frequency of usage, 46.3% of those interviewed used the Internet every day while 41.0% watched TV every day. In terms of duration, those who used the Internet for 5 hours or more made up 24.0% while those who used it for 2 to 4 hours made up 64%. Those who watched TV for 5 hours or more made up 11.6% while those who watched for 2 to 4 hours made up 72.1%. This showed that when it comes to media preferences and utilization, despite youth¡¦s preferences and increasing dependence on the Internet, TV remains an indispensable part of their daily life. By differentiating amongst the sampling locations of this study, it was found that youths in Taipei used the Internet most, followed by TV; the exact reverse was true for youths in Kaohsiung. This showed that their location and environment affected youths¡¦ media preferences. When youths were classified according to their lifestyle, different lifestyles resulted in media utilization motive variances; different media utilization motives also in turn affected how youths utilized media. Based on the above conclusions, the Internet and TV currently remain the types of media that youths are willing to use and devote a great deal of time to. Newspaper, magazine and radio by contrast made up a smaller segment with most youths having significantly less contact with these types of media and spending less time even when they do.

Developments in advertising are necessarily tied to shifts in media technology – by this very fact, the industry has changed significantly since the 1960s. In the 21st century, ad men have to contend with an increasingly complex and fractured digital landscape. Big, traditional ad agencies – like those depicted in the popular television series Mad Men – no longer dominate; instead, they are forced to compete with a growing class of digital marketing start-ups for a stake in tomorrow’s adscape. Innovative ad serving technologies, instead of creative-driven campaigns, rule the day. Internet technologies have created an environment in which identifying and engaging consumers on an individual level is entirely possible; in effect, the software engineers and data scientists capable of executing these types of campaigns – the “Math Men” – have become the new industry luminaries. And yet, there is still something to be said about the importance of a sentimental bond between the consumer and product. The type of advertising practiced by Don Draper and his real-life counterparts is based in a fundamental truth about human decision-making: emotions are an integral aspect of information-processing. While there is truth to the Math Men’s core principle that, “Advertising should deliver the right information to the right person at the right time,” There is a good reason that brands such as Coca-Cola, McDonald’s and GE – all vestiges of the Mad Men era – remain some of the most valuable and celebrated in the world. The paper will argue that the future of powerful ad content is dependent upon an appreciation of the Mad Men's creative philosophy, emboldened by an understanding of the ways in which media – and by extension ad serving technology – has advanced since the 1960s.

This study examines the representation of Local Education Authority (LEA) secondary schooling in England and Wales as it was portrayed in non-fiction British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) programmes in the twenty-one years that followed the 1944 Education Act. The primary sources drawn on for this study include the surviving microfilmed radio scripts, dating from 1944–1965 and held at the BBC Written Archives (BBC WAC). The correspondence files from contributors to programmes also provide a key source from BBC WAC. The majority of the programmes considered are radio broadcast, however some documentary films on the topic of secondary education, made by the BBC and transmitted on television, are also analysed. Where audio-visual copies have survived, the programmes were viewed at the BFI Viewing Services. The study draws on 235 BBC programmes in total, made in the years 1944–1965. The details of these broadcasts can be seen in the three Appendices accompanying this study. The study also employs the use of drawing to present key ideas. This study explores how broadcasts are formed as cultural products. The research questions address: what was the content of these programmes? Who collaborated to create and edit these programmes and how were the programmes devised to inform the public about the provision of secondary education? What was the role of the All Souls Group (ASG) in this collaboration? The public included a domestic audience in England and Wales and an overseas audience for whom distinct broadcasts were usually created. A further element of the research is a scrutiny of the BBC as an organization that positions itself as neutral. The considered programmes enabled a group of eloquent educationalists to use their rehearsed and edited ‘conversation’ on a public stage. As the study unfolds it becomes apparent that the members of the informal education discussion group, the ASG, were lobbying to encourage the topic of secondary education to resurface sufficiently often on air. The study concludes with recognition that the reinforcing of loyalties between overlapping networks, such as the BBC and the ASG, should no longer be approached with reticence in academic research.

This Master’s Thesis examines transnational conflicts and Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria between the years 2001 and 2006. It focuses on two major transnational conflicts: The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States and the Danish cartoon controversy of 2005/2006. It discusses the impact of these transnational conflicts on Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria in the light of the implementation of the Sharia Law in some northern Nigerian states and the improved access to the broadcast media and mobile telephone communication in Nigeria. By underscoring the relationship between transnational conflicts and the local context, this study provides a new perspective for understanding Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-11T12:53:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 3871361 bytes, checksum: c4eb98e6e25b2a04f1bcac332cd9177e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T13:32:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 3871361 bytes, checksum: c4eb98e6e25b2a04f1bcac332cd9177e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T13:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 3871361 bytes, checksum: c4eb98e6e25b2a04f1bcac332cd9177e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGP.pdf: 3871361 bytes, checksum: c4eb98e6e25b2a04f1bcac332cd9177e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Religion is a phenomenon with a significant presence in brazilian society, whose manifestations have increased and diversified. Developments such as broadcast television, radio and internet make most churches, including the Catolic do not establish themselves solely on their physical structure in the quest for more followers. There is a set of social and economic relations involved in this process. The vast networks of interconnected individuals in the media range from members of the clergy to laymen volunteers, employees and mediatic businesses entrepreneurs. Resulting from research supported by FAPESP underway on changes in Brazilian Christianity, this dissertation turns to the analysis of the Catholic television station Rede Vida in its performance as a media, economic enterprise and also religious. Aimed at the study of social relationships underlying the business and commercial aspects of this station and what it represents in the Brazilian religious market. / A religião ainda é um fenômeno com significativa presença na sociedade brasileira, cujas formas de manifestação aumentaram e se diversificaram. Empreendimentos como emissoras de televisão, rádio e provedores de internet fazem com que a maioria das igrejas, inclusive a católica, não se estabeleça somente em sua estrutura física na busca por mais adeptos. Há um conjunto de relações sociais e econômicas envolvidas nesse processo. As amplas redes de indivíduos interligados na comunicação social compreendem desde os membros do clero até leigos, voluntários, funcionários e empresários condutores de negócios midiáticos. Decorrente de uma pesquisa apoiada pela FAPESP sobre mudanças no cristianismo brasileiro, esta dissertação se volta para a análise da emissora televisiva católica Rede Vida em sua atuação como um empreendimento econômico-midiático e também religioso. Visa o estudo das relações sociais imbricadas nos aspectos comerciais e empresariais dessa emissora e o que isso representa no mercado religioso brasileiro.

[ES] En la última década, el reconocimiento automático del habla (RAH) y la traducción automática (TA) han mejorado enormemente mediante el uso de modelos de redes neuronales profundas (RNP) en constante evolución. Si a principios de los 2010 los sistemas de RAH y TA previos a las RNP llegaron a afrontar con éxito algunas aplicaciones reales como la transcripción y traducción de vídeos docentes pregrabados, ahora en los 2020 son abordables aplicaciones que suponen un reto mucho mayor, como la subtitulación de retransmisiones audiovisuales en directo. En este mismo período, se están invirtiendo cada vez mayores esfuerzos en la accesibilidad a los medios audiovisuales para todos, incluidas las personas sordas. El RAH y la TA, en su estado actual, son grandes herramientas para aumentar la disponibilidad de medidas de accesibilidad como subtítulos, transcripciones y traducciones, y también para proporcionar acceso multilingüe a todo tipo de contenidos. En esta tesis doctoral presentamos resultados de investigación sobre RAH y TA basadas en RNP en tres campos muy activos: los recursos educativos abiertos, los contenidos parlamentarios y los medios audiovisuales. En el área de los recursos educativos abiertos (REA), presentamos primeramente trabajos sobre la evaluación y postedición de RAH y TA con métodos de interacción inteligente, en el marco del proyecto de investigación europeo "transLectures: Transcripción y Traducción de Vídeos Docentes". Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la interacción inteligente puede reducir aún más el esfuerzo de postedición de transcripciones y traducciones automáticas. Seguidamente, en el contexto del posterior proyecto europeo X5gon, presentamos una investigación sobre el desarrollo de sistemas de TA neuronal basados en RNP, y sobre sacar el máximo partido de corpus de TA masivos mediante filtrado automático de datos. Este trabajo dio como resultado sistemas de TA neuronal clasificados entre los mejores en una competición internacional de TA, y mostramos cómo estos nuevos sistemas mejoraron la calidad de los subtítulos multilingües en casos reales de REA. En el ámbito también en crecimiento de las tecnologías del lenguaje para contenidos parlamentarios, describimos una investigación sobre técnicas de filtrado de datos de habla para el RAH en tiempo real en el contexto de debates del Parlamento Europeo. Esta investigación permitió la publicación de Europarl-ASR, un nuevo y amplio corpus de habla para entrenamiento y evaluación de sistemas de RAH en continuo, así como para la evaluación comparativa de técnicas de filtrado de datos de habla. Finalmente, presentamos un trabajo en un ámbito en la vanguardia tecnológica del RAH y de la TA: la subtitulación de retransmisiones audiovisuales en directo, en el marco del Convenio de colaboración I+D+i 2020-2023 entre la radiotelevisión pública valenciana À Punt y la Universitat Politècnica de València para la subtitulación asistida por ordenador de contenidos audiovisuales en tiempo real. Esta investigación ha resultado en la implantación de sistemas de RAH en tiempo real, de alta precisión y baja latencia, para una lengua no mayoritaria en el mundo (el catalán) y una de las lenguas más habladas del mundo (el castellano) en un medio audiovisual real. / [CA] En l'última dècada, el reconeixement automàtic de la parla (RAP) i la traducció automàtica (TA) han millorat enormement mitjançant l'ús de models de xarxes neuronals profundes (XNP) en constant evolució. Si a principis dels 2010 els sistemes de RAP i TA previs a les XNP van arribar a afrontar amb èxit algunes aplicacions reals com la transcripció i traducció de vídeos docents pregravats, ara en els 2020 són abordables aplicacions que suposen un repte molt major, com la subtitulació de retransmissions audiovisuals en directe. En aquest mateix període, s'estan invertint cada vegada majors esforços en l'accessibilitat als mitjans audiovisuals per a tots, incloses les persones sordes. El RAP i la TA, en el seu estat actual, són grans eines per a incrementar la disponibilitat de mesures d'accessibilitat com subtítols, transcripcions i traduccions, també com una manera de proporcionar accés multilingüe a tota classe de continguts. En aquesta tesi doctoral presentem resultats d'investigació sobre RAP i TA basades en XNP en tres camps molt actius: els recursos educatius oberts, els continguts parlamentaris i els mitjans audiovisuals. En l'àrea dels recursos educatius oberts (REO), presentem primerament treballs sobre l'avaluació i postedició de RAP i TA amb mètodes d'interacció intel·ligent, en el marc del projecte d'investigació europeu "transLectures: Transcripció i traducció de vídeos docents". Els resultats obtinguts confirmen que la interacció intel·ligent pot reduir encara més l'esforç de postedició de transcripcions i traduccions automàtiques. Seguidament, en el context del posterior projecte europeu X5gon, presentem una investigació sobre el desenvolupament de sistemes de TA neuronal basats en XNP, i sobre traure el màxim partit de corpus de TA massius mitjançant filtratge automàtic de dades. Aquest treball va donar com a resultat sistemes de TA neuronal classificats entre els millors en una competició internacional de TA, i mostrem com aquests nous sistemes milloren la qualitat dels subtítols multilingües en casos reals de REO. En l'àmbit també en creixement de les tecnologies del llenguatge per a continguts parlamentaris, descrivim una investigació sobre tècniques de filtratge de dades de parla per al RAP en temps real en el context de debats del Parlament Europeu. Aquesta investigació va permetre la publicació d'Europarl-ASR, un corpus de parla nou i ampli per a l'entrenament i l'avaluació de sistemes de RAP en continu, així com per a l'avaluació comparativa de tècniques de filtratge de dades de parla. Finalment, presentem un treball en un àmbit en l'avantguarda tecnològica del RAP i de la TA: la subtitulació de retransmissions audiovisuals en directe, en el context del Conveni de col·laboració R+D+i 2020-2023 entre la radiotelevisió pública valenciana À Punt i la Universitat Politècnica de València per a la subtitulació assistida per ordinador de continguts audiovisuals en temps real. Aquesta investigació ha donat com a resultat la implantació de sistemes de RAP en temps real, amb alta precisió i baixa latència, per a una llengua no majoritària en el món (el català) i una de les llengües més parlades del món (el castellà) en un mitjà audiovisual real. / [EN] In the last decade, automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) have improved enormously through the use of constantly evolving deep neural network (DNN) models. If at the beginning of the 2010s the then pre-DNN ASR and MT systems were ready to tackle with success some real-life applications such as offline video lecture transcription and translation, now in the 2020s much more challenging applications are within grasp, such as live broadcast media subtitling. At the same time in this period, media accessibility for everyone, including deaf and hard-of-hearing people, is being given more and more importance. ASR and MT, in their current state, are powerful tools to increase the coverage of accessibility measures such as subtitles, transcriptions and translations, also as a way of providing multilingual access to all types of content. In this PhD thesis, we present research results on automatic speech recognition and machine translation based on deep neural networks in three very active domains: open educational resources, parliamentary contents and broadcast media. Regarding open educational resources (OER), we first present work on the evaluation and post-editing of ASR and MT with intelligent interaction approaches, as carried out in the framework of EU project transLectures: Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures. The results obtained confirm that the intelligent interaction approach can make post-editing automatic transcriptions and translations even more cost-effective. Then, in the context of subsequent EU project X5gon, we present research on developing DNN-based neural MT systems, and making the most of larger MT corpora through automatic data filtering. This work resulted in a first-rank classification in an international evaluation campaign on MT, and we show how these new NMT systems improved the quality of multilingual subtitles in real OER scenarios. In the also growing domain of language technologies for parliamentary contents, we describe research on speech data curation techniques for streaming ASR in the context of European Parliament debates. This research resulted in the release of Europarl-ASR, a new, large speech corpus for streaming ASR system training and evaluation, as well as for the benchmarking of speech data curation techniques. Finally, we present work in a domain on the edge of the state of the art for ASR and MT: the live subtitling of broadcast media, in the context of the 2020-2023 R&D collaboration agreement between the Valencian public broadcaster À Punt and the Universitat Politècnica de València for real-time computer assisted subtitling of media contents. This research has resulted in the deployment of high-quality, low-latency, real-time streaming ASR systems for a less-spoken language (Catalan) and a widely spoken language (Spanish) in a real broadcast use case. / The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 287755 (transLectures), Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) under grant agreement no. 621030 (EMMA), Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements no. 761758 (X5gon) and no. 952215 (TAILOR), and EU4Health Programme 2021–2027 as part of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan under grant agreements no. 101056995 (INTERACT-EUROPE) and no. 101129375 (INTERACT-EUROPE 100); from the Government of Spain’s research projects iTrans2 (ref. TIN2009-14511, MICINN/ERDF EU), MORE (ref. TIN2015-68326-R,MINECO/ERDF EU), Multisub (ref. RTI2018-094879-B-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 ERDF “A way of making Europe”), and XLinDub (ref. PID2021-122443OB-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 ERDF “A way of making Europe”); from the Generalitat Valenciana’s “R&D collaboration agreement between the Corporació Valenciana de Mitjans de Comunicació (À Punt Mèdia) and the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) for real-time computer assisted subtitling of audiovisual contents based on artificial intelligence”, and research project Classroom Activity Recognition (PROMETEO/2019/111); and from the Universitat Politècnica de València’s PAID-01-17 R&D support programme. This work uses data from the RTVE 2018 and 2020 Databases. This set of data has been provided by RTVE Corporation to help develop Spanish-language speech technologies. / Garcés Díaz-Munío, GV. (2024). Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation with Deep Neural Networks for Open Educational Resources, Parliamentary Contents and Broadcast Media [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/212454