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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Obtenção de uísque cortado a partir de destilados alcoólicos simples de malte de cevada (Hordeum vulgare) e de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 (Oryza sativa) / Getting blended whiskey from single distilled alcoholic of barley malt (Hordeum vulgare) and broken IAC-600 Black Rice (Oryza sativa)

Guedes, Rodrigo Pitanga 04 July 2013 (has links)
De acordo com a legislação brasileira o uísque cortado é produzido com a mistura de, no mínimo, 30% de destilado alcoólico simples de malte envelhecido, com destilados alcoólicos simples de cereais envelhecidos ou não, e neste trabalho foi utilizada a quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 para produzir uísque, pois tem alto valor nutricional, propriedades antioxidantes e baixo custo. A quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 foi inicialmente hidrolisada em escala de bancada de 500mL seguindo o planejamento fatorial 23 completo, com seis experimentos no ponto central, analisando os parâmetros tempo, adição da enzima ProteMax N600® ou Maltezyn W® e a concentração das enzimas Brautec alfa TF® e Maltezyn W®. De acordo com a análise estatística, a melhor condição obtida na região estudada foi com a utilização de 1000mg de Brautec alfa TF®/kg de amido em base seca e 750mg de Maltezyn W®/kg de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 em base seca a 95ºC por 30min, sendo adicionado posteriormente 500mg de Maltezyn W®/kg de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 em base seca a 60ºC até a hidrólise do amido resultar em teste de iodo negativo, sendo esta condição utilizada em escala de bancada de 15L e em escala piloto de 125L. Em todas as fermentações com quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 adicionou-se 10g da enzima Panzyn GA®/hL de meio fermentativo, após a inoculação com a levedura. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pré-tratada ou não a 40ºC/1h, foi utilizada na concentração de 0,4g peso seco/L de meio fermentativo. Em escala de bancada de 15 L os resultados de produtividade volumétrica em etanol, dos ensaios fermentativos com quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 e malte de cevada, com levedura pré-tratada ou não, não apresentaram diferença significativa. Portanto, nas fermentações das matérias-primas em escala piloto de 125L utilizou-se levedura sem pré-tratamento, e os fermentados obtidos foram destilados separadamente em alambique de 160L. O destilado alcoólico simples de malte de cevada que foi envelhecido aceleradamente por nove dias e o de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 que não foi envelhecido foram misturados na proporção de 30% e 70%, e também 50% e 50%, respectivamente, resultando em dois uísques cortados a 40ºGL com o teor de polifenois de 141 e 229mg/L equivalente em ácido gálico, respectivamente. Estes dois uísques cortados foram analisados sensorialmente em relação a um uísque puro malte envelhecido 12 anos e um bourbon, encontrados no mercado mundial, por 125 provadores voluntários não treinados da EEL-USP. Considerando que o uísque cortado produzido com 50% de destilado alcoólico simples de malte de cevada envelhecido e 50% destilado alcoólico simples de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 não envelhecido foi avaliado positivamente nos parâmetros cor e sabor quando comparado aos outros três uísques, e que não houve diferença significativa na aceitação global entre os quatro uísques avaliados, este uísque cortado possui potencial mercadológico como um produto novo, apresentando sabor diferenciado em relação aos dois uísques comerciais. Por outro lado, a análise descritiva quantitativa realizada por dez provadores treinados da Pernod Ricard, nos dois uísques produzidos neste trabalho, demonstrou que o processo de envelhecimento acelerado não forneceu os atributos aromáticos desejados, sendo necessário o aperfeiçoamento ou a substituição desta metodologia. / According to Brazilian law, the blended whisky is produced by mixing at least 30% of aged single malt distilled alcohol with aged or not single alcoholic distillates from cereal, and this study used broken IAC-600 black rice to produce whisky, due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties and low cost. The broken IAC-600 black rice was initially hydrolyzed at bench scale (500mL) following the 23 full factorial design with six assays at central point, analyzing the parameters time, addition of ProteMax N600® or Maltezyn W® enzymes and the concentration of the Brautec alfa TF® and Maltezyn W® enzymes. According to statistical analysis, the best condition obtained at the studied region was with1000mg Brautec alfa TF®/kg starch (dry basis) and 750mg Maltezyn W®/kg of broken IAC-600 black rice (dry basis) at 95°C for 30min. Subsequently, 500mg Maltezyn W®/kg of broken IAC-600 black rice was added at 60°C until starch hydrolysis results in negative iodine test, and this condition was used at bench scale (15L) and at pilot scale (125L). In all the fermentations with broken IAC-600 black rice 10g Panzyn GA®/hL of fermentative medium was added after the inoculation with the yeast. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, pretreated or not at 40°C/1h, was used at 0.4g dry weight/L of fermentative medium. At bench scale (15L), the results of ethanol volumetric productivity in the fermentation assays with broken IAC-600 black rice and barley malt with yeast, pre-treated or not, showed no significant difference. Therefore, in the raw materials fermentations at pilot-scale (125L), the yeast without pretreatment was used, and the obtained washes were separately distilled into 160L still. The single alcoholic distillate of barley malt that was rapidly aged for nine days and the broken IAC-600 black rice that was not aged were mixed at ratios of 30% and 70% and also 50% and 50%, respectively, obtaining two blended whiskies at 40ºGL with 141 and 229mg/L polyphenol contents equivalent to gallic acid, respectively. These two blended whiskies were sensory analyzed in relation to a 12 year-old pure malt whisky and to a bourbon found in the world market, by 125 volunteers untrained tasters of EEL-USP. Considering that the blended whisky produced with 50% of aged single alcoholic distillate of barley malt and 50% of not aged single alcoholic distillate of broken IAC-600 black rice was positively evaluated in color and taste parameters when compared to the other three whiskies, and that there was no significant difference in acceptability among the four whiskies evaluated, this blended whisky has marketing potential as a new product, presenting distinctive taste compared to the two commercial whiskies. In the other hand, the quantitative descriptive analysis made by ten trained tasters of Pernod Ricard about the two whiskies produced in this work showed that the process of rapid aging did not provide the desired aromatic attributes, requiring the improvement or substitution of this methodology.
92

Obtenção de uísque cortado a partir de destilados alcoólicos simples de malte de cevada (Hordeum vulgare) e de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 (Oryza sativa) / Getting blended whiskey from single distilled alcoholic of barley malt (Hordeum vulgare) and broken IAC-600 Black Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rodrigo Pitanga Guedes 04 July 2013 (has links)
De acordo com a legislação brasileira o uísque cortado é produzido com a mistura de, no mínimo, 30% de destilado alcoólico simples de malte envelhecido, com destilados alcoólicos simples de cereais envelhecidos ou não, e neste trabalho foi utilizada a quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 para produzir uísque, pois tem alto valor nutricional, propriedades antioxidantes e baixo custo. A quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 foi inicialmente hidrolisada em escala de bancada de 500mL seguindo o planejamento fatorial 23 completo, com seis experimentos no ponto central, analisando os parâmetros tempo, adição da enzima ProteMax N600® ou Maltezyn W® e a concentração das enzimas Brautec alfa TF® e Maltezyn W®. De acordo com a análise estatística, a melhor condição obtida na região estudada foi com a utilização de 1000mg de Brautec alfa TF®/kg de amido em base seca e 750mg de Maltezyn W®/kg de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 em base seca a 95ºC por 30min, sendo adicionado posteriormente 500mg de Maltezyn W®/kg de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 em base seca a 60ºC até a hidrólise do amido resultar em teste de iodo negativo, sendo esta condição utilizada em escala de bancada de 15L e em escala piloto de 125L. Em todas as fermentações com quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 adicionou-se 10g da enzima Panzyn GA®/hL de meio fermentativo, após a inoculação com a levedura. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pré-tratada ou não a 40ºC/1h, foi utilizada na concentração de 0,4g peso seco/L de meio fermentativo. Em escala de bancada de 15 L os resultados de produtividade volumétrica em etanol, dos ensaios fermentativos com quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 e malte de cevada, com levedura pré-tratada ou não, não apresentaram diferença significativa. Portanto, nas fermentações das matérias-primas em escala piloto de 125L utilizou-se levedura sem pré-tratamento, e os fermentados obtidos foram destilados separadamente em alambique de 160L. O destilado alcoólico simples de malte de cevada que foi envelhecido aceleradamente por nove dias e o de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 que não foi envelhecido foram misturados na proporção de 30% e 70%, e também 50% e 50%, respectivamente, resultando em dois uísques cortados a 40ºGL com o teor de polifenois de 141 e 229mg/L equivalente em ácido gálico, respectivamente. Estes dois uísques cortados foram analisados sensorialmente em relação a um uísque puro malte envelhecido 12 anos e um bourbon, encontrados no mercado mundial, por 125 provadores voluntários não treinados da EEL-USP. Considerando que o uísque cortado produzido com 50% de destilado alcoólico simples de malte de cevada envelhecido e 50% destilado alcoólico simples de quirera de arroz preto IAC-600 não envelhecido foi avaliado positivamente nos parâmetros cor e sabor quando comparado aos outros três uísques, e que não houve diferença significativa na aceitação global entre os quatro uísques avaliados, este uísque cortado possui potencial mercadológico como um produto novo, apresentando sabor diferenciado em relação aos dois uísques comerciais. Por outro lado, a análise descritiva quantitativa realizada por dez provadores treinados da Pernod Ricard, nos dois uísques produzidos neste trabalho, demonstrou que o processo de envelhecimento acelerado não forneceu os atributos aromáticos desejados, sendo necessário o aperfeiçoamento ou a substituição desta metodologia. / According to Brazilian law, the blended whisky is produced by mixing at least 30% of aged single malt distilled alcohol with aged or not single alcoholic distillates from cereal, and this study used broken IAC-600 black rice to produce whisky, due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties and low cost. The broken IAC-600 black rice was initially hydrolyzed at bench scale (500mL) following the 23 full factorial design with six assays at central point, analyzing the parameters time, addition of ProteMax N600® or Maltezyn W® enzymes and the concentration of the Brautec alfa TF® and Maltezyn W® enzymes. According to statistical analysis, the best condition obtained at the studied region was with1000mg Brautec alfa TF®/kg starch (dry basis) and 750mg Maltezyn W®/kg of broken IAC-600 black rice (dry basis) at 95°C for 30min. Subsequently, 500mg Maltezyn W®/kg of broken IAC-600 black rice was added at 60°C until starch hydrolysis results in negative iodine test, and this condition was used at bench scale (15L) and at pilot scale (125L). In all the fermentations with broken IAC-600 black rice 10g Panzyn GA®/hL of fermentative medium was added after the inoculation with the yeast. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, pretreated or not at 40°C/1h, was used at 0.4g dry weight/L of fermentative medium. At bench scale (15L), the results of ethanol volumetric productivity in the fermentation assays with broken IAC-600 black rice and barley malt with yeast, pre-treated or not, showed no significant difference. Therefore, in the raw materials fermentations at pilot-scale (125L), the yeast without pretreatment was used, and the obtained washes were separately distilled into 160L still. The single alcoholic distillate of barley malt that was rapidly aged for nine days and the broken IAC-600 black rice that was not aged were mixed at ratios of 30% and 70% and also 50% and 50%, respectively, obtaining two blended whiskies at 40ºGL with 141 and 229mg/L polyphenol contents equivalent to gallic acid, respectively. These two blended whiskies were sensory analyzed in relation to a 12 year-old pure malt whisky and to a bourbon found in the world market, by 125 volunteers untrained tasters of EEL-USP. Considering that the blended whisky produced with 50% of aged single alcoholic distillate of barley malt and 50% of not aged single alcoholic distillate of broken IAC-600 black rice was positively evaluated in color and taste parameters when compared to the other three whiskies, and that there was no significant difference in acceptability among the four whiskies evaluated, this blended whisky has marketing potential as a new product, presenting distinctive taste compared to the two commercial whiskies. In the other hand, the quantitative descriptive analysis made by ten trained tasters of Pernod Ricard about the two whiskies produced in this work showed that the process of rapid aging did not provide the desired aromatic attributes, requiring the improvement or substitution of this methodology.
93

O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard / The unbalanced family and American identity in the plays of Sam Shepard

Gallo, Ligia Razera 09 March 2012 (has links)
Este estudo analisa três obras dramáticas de Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child e Fool for Love dentro do contexto de sua obsessão compartilhada com o sonho americano sobre uma família harmoniosa mostrando um desvio do sonho o que também é predominante em peças de dramaturgos americanos, como O\'Neill e Miller, que antecedem Sam Shepard. Este estudo também investiga o conceito da identidade americana nas peças. Entre os trabalhos do dramaturgo Sam Shepard encontramos três peças que exploram o que significa ser o membro de uma família do meio oeste americano. Em Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard retrata a dor ecoando dentro do círculo familiar. Assim como os trabalhos iniciais de Shepard, essas peças familiares se revelam com um forte elemento biográfico, nascidas das experiências pessoais e persistentes preocupações do dramaturgo; através das peças, ele examina e reexamina o sistema familiar multigeracional do qual ele é oriundo. Por exemplo, o alcoolismo do pai e a forma como os pais são construídos em suas peças, a partir de uma perspectiva pessoal, são muito mais do que simples características das personagens, são uma condição que afeta a todos os personagens, seu relacionamento interpessoal e seus destinos. Além disso, podemos observar que o sonho americano, e sua relação com essa instabilidade familiar é um dos temas recorrentes nos dramas escritos pelo autor. Outra intenção deste estudo é, num primeiro momento analisar, o sonho americano sob uma perspectiva histórica para definir suas múltiplas facetas desde os tempos coloniais até o século XX, tal como apresentado no drama; em segundo lugar em um nível temático para identificar os vários temas que Sam Shepard usa em suas peças, tais como laços familiares adulterados, alienação, incapacidade de se comunicar, a violência, a relação esposa-amante surreal, e a busca de identidade e assim definir como eles impedem a realização do sonho; em terceiro lugar, as características usadas por Sam Shepard, que servem para apresentar as peças como instâncias do sonho de uma família harmoniosa tornando-se um pesadelo.Na peça Fool for Love analiso também a tirania exercida pela família sobre as vidas das suas crianças crescidas. De 1977 até 1985, Shepard distancia-se da aceitação fatalística e desse modo revela mudanças tanto na perspectiva autoral como no ambiente social. Como ele faz frequentemente em seus trabalhos, Shepard reflete o comportamento de uma época. / This study analyzes three dramatic works of Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child and Fool for Love within the context of their shared obsession with the American dream of a harmonious family showing a deviation of the dream which is also predominant in plays of American playwrights such as O\'Neill and Miller, preceding Sam Shepard. This study also investigates the concept of American identity in the plays. Among the works of playwright Sam Shepard there are three plays that explore what it means to be a member of a family in the U.S. Midwest. In Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard portrays the pain echoing within the family. As the initial work of Shepard, these family plays reveal themselves with a strong biographical element, born of personal experience and persistent concerns of the playwright, through the plays, he examines and reviews the multigenerational family system of which he also derives from. For example, the father\'s alcoholism and how the fathers of his plays are constructed from a personal perspective are much more than simple features of the characters, it is a condition that affects all the characters, their relationships and their interpersonal destinations. In addition, we note that the American dream and its relationship with that family instability is one of the recurring themes in dramas written by the author. Another aim of this study is, at first look at the American dream from a historical perspective to define its many facets from colonial times to the twentieth century, as depicted in the drama, and secondly on a thematic level to identify the various themes Sam Shepard uses in his plays, such as family ties tampered with, alienation, inability to communicate, violence, wife-lover surreal relationship, and the search for identity and to define how they prevent the fulfillment of the \'dream\', and finally, the features used by Sam Shepard, which serve to make the plays as instances of the \'dream\' of a harmonious family becoming a nightmare. In the play Fool for Love we also analyze the tyranny exercised by the family on the lives of their grown children. From 1977 until 1985, Shepard is away from the fatalistic acceptance and thereby reveals changes in both the authorial perspective and the social environment. As he does often in his work, Shepard reflects the behavior of an era.
94

Factors affecting the realisation of prior expectations amongst British migrants coming to Australia, 1978.

Hornsby, Peter E. January 1978 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D. 1979) from the Department of Physchology, University of Adelaide. / Includes bibliographical references.
95

Modélisation de l'interaction d'échange par théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité couplée au formalisme de la symétrie brisée. Application aux dimères de cuivre / Modeling of the exchange interaction by density functional theory coupled to broken symmetry formalism. Application to copper dimers

Onofrio, Nicolas 23 September 2011 (has links)
La Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité (DFT) combinée avec la méthode de la Symétrie Brisée (BS) est aujourd'hui très utilisée dans le domaine du magnétisme moléculaire pour le calcul des constantes d'échange. Cette méthode (DFT-BS) reste cependant semi-quantitative et elle souffre de défauts déjà discutés dans la littérature. Dans le but de mieux en comprendre l'origine, nous avons réexaminé les contributions physiques qui participent au mécanisme d'échange. Nous proposons alors plusieurs formules analytiques construites suivant deux approches complémentaires (orbitales moléculaires et liaison de valence). Au cours de notre analyse, nous avons soulevé un problème inédit relatif à l'état de symétrie brisée tel que livré par le calcul DFT. Nos modèles seront appliqués au cas des dimères de cuivre(II) et nous verrons comment quantifier les différents paramètres afin de reconstruire les constantes d'échange. Qui plus est, notre travail permet d'établir une correspondance quantitative originale entre les deux approches pré-citées. / Density Functional Theory (DFT) combined with the Broken Symmetry (BS) method is today widely used in the field of molecular magnetism for the computation of exchange coupling constants. But this method (DFT-BS) remains semi-quantitative as it suffers from a series of drawbacks already discussed in the literature. In order to better understand the origin of such problems, we reexamined the physical contributions acting in the exchange phenomenon. We then propose alternative analytical expressions built along two complementary approaches (molecular orbitals and valence bond). During our analysis, we found a new problem linked to the broken symmetry state as it comes out of a DFT calculation. Our models will be applied to copper(II) dimers and we will show how to quantify the different parameters involved in order to reconstruct the coupling constants. Moreover, our work allows for an original quantitative correspondence between the two above-mentioned approaches.
96

Danos na copa : crescimento, produção e desbaste em povoamentos clonais e seminais de Teca em duas regiões de Mato Grosso

Gava, Fernando Henrique 26 May 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-04T22:35:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Fernando Henrique Gava.pdf: 2760815 bytes, checksum: 1ab95aa7021483068006de4eeb380e70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-05-23T12:37:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Fernando Henrique Gava.pdf: 2760815 bytes, checksum: 1ab95aa7021483068006de4eeb380e70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T12:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Fernando Henrique Gava.pdf: 2760815 bytes, checksum: 1ab95aa7021483068006de4eeb380e70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-26 / CAPES / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas clonais e seminais de Teca associado às intensidades de danos na copa, em duas regiões no sudoeste de Mato Grosso. O trabalho foi conduzido nos municípios de Figueirópolis D’Oeste e Lambari D’Oeste com clones procedentes de Perlis, Malásia, e de Ilhas Salomão, e plantas seminais da região de estudo. Os tratamentos foram estruturados em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com medição da circunferência à altura do peito, das alturas comercial e total em parcelas permanentes aos seis e sete anos de idade. Complementarmente, foi feita a cubagem rigorosa, a análise de tronco e quantificada a frequência de copa quebrada. Para o conjunto total de dados e separados por copa quebrada e copa sem danos, foram testados modelos para relação hipsométrica. Com os dados coletados foi simulado o desbaste seletivo na intensidade de 40% das árvores, com determinação dos volumes, incrementos em altura, DAP e volume do povoamento, além do volume extraído pelo do desbaste. Em ambas regiões, os clones foram mais afetados por danos nas copas em relação às plantas seminais. Os danos nas copas afetam a relação hipsométrica e os modelos testados não se adequam para estimar a altura. Em Lambari D’Oeste, para os clones 62 e 68 e plantas seminais, o comprimento médio do dano nas copas ao sexto ano, foi maior que o incremento médio registrado ao sétimo ano. Em ambas regiões, o clone 61 se destacou pelo volume estimado para o desbaste e em Lambari D’Oeste o clone 62 foi estatisticamente igual ao 61. Em Figueirópolis D’Oeste, os clones de Perlis foram superiores aos de Ilhas Salomão e, em ambas regiões o menor volume de desbaste foi produzido pelas plantas seminais. / The objective of this research was evaluate the development of clonal and seminal plants of Teak associated with crown damage intensities in two regions in southwest Mato Grosso. The study was conduct in Figueirópolis D’Oeste and Lambari D’Oeste with clones proceeding from Perlis, Malaysia and Solomon Islands and seminal plants from studies refions. Treatments were structured in a randomized block design, with measuring circumference at breast height, commercial and total heights in permanent plots to six and seven years old. In addition, the cubed, the stem analysis and quantified the frequency of broken cup have been made. For the full set of data and separated by broken crown and crown without damage, models were tested for relative hipsometric. With collected data were simulated selective thinning 40% intensity of the trees, determinating volumes, increases in height, CBH and plantation volume, in addition the volume extracted by the thinning. In both regions, the clones were more affected by crown damage in relation to seminal plants. The crown damage affects the hypsometric relation and tested models are not suitable to estimate the height. In Lambari D'Oeste, for clones 62 and 68 and seminal plants, the average length of crown damage to the sixth year, was higher than the average increase recorded in the seventh year. In both regions, the clone 61 stood out for the estimated thinning volume and Lambari D'Oeste clone 62 was statistically equal to 61. In Figueirópolis D'Oeste, clones of Perlis were higher than in Solomon Islands, and both regions the least volume of thinning was produced by the seminal plants.
97

O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard / The unbalanced family and American identity in the plays of Sam Shepard

Ligia Razera Gallo 09 March 2012 (has links)
Este estudo analisa três obras dramáticas de Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child e Fool for Love dentro do contexto de sua obsessão compartilhada com o sonho americano sobre uma família harmoniosa mostrando um desvio do sonho o que também é predominante em peças de dramaturgos americanos, como O\'Neill e Miller, que antecedem Sam Shepard. Este estudo também investiga o conceito da identidade americana nas peças. Entre os trabalhos do dramaturgo Sam Shepard encontramos três peças que exploram o que significa ser o membro de uma família do meio oeste americano. Em Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard retrata a dor ecoando dentro do círculo familiar. Assim como os trabalhos iniciais de Shepard, essas peças familiares se revelam com um forte elemento biográfico, nascidas das experiências pessoais e persistentes preocupações do dramaturgo; através das peças, ele examina e reexamina o sistema familiar multigeracional do qual ele é oriundo. Por exemplo, o alcoolismo do pai e a forma como os pais são construídos em suas peças, a partir de uma perspectiva pessoal, são muito mais do que simples características das personagens, são uma condição que afeta a todos os personagens, seu relacionamento interpessoal e seus destinos. Além disso, podemos observar que o sonho americano, e sua relação com essa instabilidade familiar é um dos temas recorrentes nos dramas escritos pelo autor. Outra intenção deste estudo é, num primeiro momento analisar, o sonho americano sob uma perspectiva histórica para definir suas múltiplas facetas desde os tempos coloniais até o século XX, tal como apresentado no drama; em segundo lugar em um nível temático para identificar os vários temas que Sam Shepard usa em suas peças, tais como laços familiares adulterados, alienação, incapacidade de se comunicar, a violência, a relação esposa-amante surreal, e a busca de identidade e assim definir como eles impedem a realização do sonho; em terceiro lugar, as características usadas por Sam Shepard, que servem para apresentar as peças como instâncias do sonho de uma família harmoniosa tornando-se um pesadelo.Na peça Fool for Love analiso também a tirania exercida pela família sobre as vidas das suas crianças crescidas. De 1977 até 1985, Shepard distancia-se da aceitação fatalística e desse modo revela mudanças tanto na perspectiva autoral como no ambiente social. Como ele faz frequentemente em seus trabalhos, Shepard reflete o comportamento de uma época. / This study analyzes three dramatic works of Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child and Fool for Love within the context of their shared obsession with the American dream of a harmonious family showing a deviation of the dream which is also predominant in plays of American playwrights such as O\'Neill and Miller, preceding Sam Shepard. This study also investigates the concept of American identity in the plays. Among the works of playwright Sam Shepard there are three plays that explore what it means to be a member of a family in the U.S. Midwest. In Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard portrays the pain echoing within the family. As the initial work of Shepard, these family plays reveal themselves with a strong biographical element, born of personal experience and persistent concerns of the playwright, through the plays, he examines and reviews the multigenerational family system of which he also derives from. For example, the father\'s alcoholism and how the fathers of his plays are constructed from a personal perspective are much more than simple features of the characters, it is a condition that affects all the characters, their relationships and their interpersonal destinations. In addition, we note that the American dream and its relationship with that family instability is one of the recurring themes in dramas written by the author. Another aim of this study is, at first look at the American dream from a historical perspective to define its many facets from colonial times to the twentieth century, as depicted in the drama, and secondly on a thematic level to identify the various themes Sam Shepard uses in his plays, such as family ties tampered with, alienation, inability to communicate, violence, wife-lover surreal relationship, and the search for identity and to define how they prevent the fulfillment of the \'dream\', and finally, the features used by Sam Shepard, which serve to make the plays as instances of the \'dream\' of a harmonious family becoming a nightmare. In the play Fool for Love we also analyze the tyranny exercised by the family on the lives of their grown children. From 1977 until 1985, Shepard is away from the fatalistic acceptance and thereby reveals changes in both the authorial perspective and the social environment. As he does often in his work, Shepard reflects the behavior of an era.
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Nouvelles solutions et classification du superpotentiel et du potentiel de Kähler compatibles avec une brisure de la supersymétrie à basse énergie induite par la gravitation / New solutions and classification of the Kähler potential and the superpotential compatibles with gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking at low energy

Tant, Damien 01 December 2016 (has links)
L’introduction d’une symétrie entre les bosons et les fermions, appelée supersymétrie, étend de manière naturelle le modèle standard de la physique des particules. Néanmoins, une telle symétrie n’a jamais été observée dans la nature : elle doit être nécessairement brisée. L’étude de la brisure de la supersymétrie induite par la gravitation est le coeur du travail effectué dans cette thèse. En 1983, Soni et Weldon ont classifié les formes analytiques des deux fonctions fondamentales - le potentiel de Kahler et le superpotentiel - de manière à conduire à une supersymétrie brisée à basse énergie. Depuis, les analyses phénoménologiques sont basées sur cette classification. Le principal résultat du présent manuscrit est de démontrer l'incomplétude de leur classification. Pour un potentiel de Kahler dit canonique, une classification complète est réalisée tandis qu'un début de classification est proposé pour le cas non-canonique. Dans les deux cas, de nouvelles solutions sont établies menant à de possibles nouvelles conséquences phénoménologiques à basse énergie. L'apport de candidats pour le problème de la matière noire fait partie des contributions majeures des modèles supersymétriques. En parallèle du travail de classification, le développement d'un nouveau calculateur, permettant d'estimer la densité relique de matière noire dans l'Univers, est également proposé. / Supersymmetry extends naturally the Standard Model through the introduction of a new symmetry between bosons and fermions. However, such symmetry has never been observed in nature : Supersymmetry must be broken. Gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking is the main subject of this doctoral thesis. In 1983, Soni and Weldon classified the analytical forms of the two fundamental functions - the Kahler potential and the superpotential - leading to a consistent low energy broken Supersymmetry. Up to nowadays, this classification has been used for phenomenological model building. The main result of the current thesis demonstrates the incompleteness of their classification. A complete classification is presented for a given canonical Kahler potential while a first sight of the classification is proposed for the non-canonical case. From these assumptions, new solutions are obtained leading to new possibilities for model building at low energy.The proposition of new dark matter candidates is one of the several contributions coming from supersymmetric models. In addition of the new classification, the development of a new generator, allowing to estimate the relic density of dark matter particles, is also proposed.
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ENRIQUECIMENTO NUTRICIONAL DE MACARRÃO COM USO DE SUBPRODUTOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DE BAIXO CUSTO / NUTRITIONAL ENRICHMENT OF MACARONI WITH LOW COST AGRIBUSINESS BYPRODUCTS

Nicoletti, Angelica Markus 27 February 2007 (has links)
In the last decade, great modification have occurred in social and economic aspects of the population. It causes the nutritional transition, that is leading people to a wrong alimentary customs. It has negatively influenced on the nutritional profile and the human health. The body has reacted to this agression developing nutritional lack, appearing undernourished and overfeed problems. Therefore, this research aims at developing an amplyfied nutritionaly macaroni formulation, using soybean bran and broken rice, evaluating its chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics. It also verified the nutricional capacity of this product in the biological response of rats. This work elaborated two macaroni formulations, a traditional (with wheat flour) and other from the 25% of wheat flour´s substitution by soybean bran and by 75% of broken rice. These formulations were analysed in relation to its organic matter, dry matter, ash, crude protein, dietary fiber, lipids, amino acid profile and viscousness. Futhermore, we also realized some sensory analyses with children (from 4 to 6 years old) and adults, using the hedonic scale. To evaluate the biological effects, we selected 21 days-old Wistar Rats fed with experimental rations AIN93, standard (macaroni of wheat) or enriched (formulation developed with soybean bran and broken rice). The animals were submitted to an adaptation period of 3 days. During an experimental period (16 days), we collected samples to determine the consume, the body´s weight, dry feces and fecal water content, feces pH and humidity. We also analysed plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, hemoglobin and total proteiny content. Taking into consideration the nutritional, technological, and sensory characteristics of the developed formulation, we observed that the enriched macaroni in proteins fits the essential adequate amino acid profile, along with the technological characteristics and approved sensory average of 95% among children and adults. In relation to the biological and metabolic responses, we observed that the animals submitted to the ration with enriched macarroni (test) answered physiologically with increased weight, but it did not accumulate the epidimical fatness, raising the excretion levels of fecal water and increasing the hemoglobin´s levels and the total proteins in blood, plus decreasing the triglyceride and the cholesterol levels. / Nas ultimas décadas, grandes modificações ocorreram no aspecto social e econômico da população, ocasionando a chamada transição nutricional, que levou a hábitos alimentares errôneos que têm se refletido negativamente sobre o perfil nutricional e saúde humana.O organismo respondeu esta agressão com o desenvolvimento de carência nutricional, emergindo problemas como a sub e/ou hipernutrição. Assim, a presente pesquisa foi conduzida com os objetivos de desenvolver uma formulação de macarrão nutricionalmente melhorada, usando o farelo de soja e a quirera de arroz, avaliando quanto às características químicas, tecnológicas e sensoriais, alem de verificar a eficiência nutricional deste produto na resposta biológica de ratos. Foram elaboradas duas formulações de macarrão, uma convencional (farinha trigo) e outra a partir da substituição de farinha de trigo por 25% de farelo de soja e 75% de quirera de arroz, as quais foram analisadas quanto a matéria orgânica, matéria seca, cinzas, proteína bruta, fibra alimentar, lipídios, perfil de aminoácidos e viscosidade. Além dessas, também foram realizadas análises sensoriais com crianças (quatro a seis anos) e adultos, utilizando escala hedônica. Para a avaliação dos efeitos biológicos foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar de 21 dias de idade, alimentados com rações experimentais AIN93G, padrão (macarrão de trigo) e enriquecida (formulação desenvolvida com farelo de soja e quirera de arroz). Os animais foram submetidos a um período de adaptação de três dias e, durante o período experimental (16 dias), foram obtidos dados e amostras para a determinação do consumo, ganho de peso, produção de fezes úmidas e secas, umidade e pH das fezes, e análise sanguínea de triglicérides, colesterol, hemoglobina e proteínas totais. Considerando as características nutricionais, tecnológicas e sensoriais da formulação desenvolvida, foi observado que o macarrão melhorado em proteína dispôs de adequado perfil de aminoácidos, principalmente essenciais, aliado a adequadas características tecnológicas e aprovação sensorial média de 95% entre crianças e adultos. Quanto à resposta biológica e metabólica, foi possível observar que os animais submetidos à ração elaborada com macarrão enriquecido (teste), responderam fisiologicamente com aumento de peso, não acompanhado de deposição de gordura epididimal, níveis aumentados na excreta de fezes úmidas, níveis aumentados de hemoglobina e proteínas totais no sangue, além de diminuição de triglicerídios e de colesterol.
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Integrating imago relationship therapy (irt) into a biblical theological approach to marriage counselling

Beukes, F.R.D. January 2013 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA / As a minister who is deeply involved in Christian counselling I am constantly reminded just how many problems marriages are facing today. There is no question that the failure of this fundamental relationship has unquantifiable devastating results in the lives of couples, their children, and society as a whole. The more one works with people one realises that many couples in relationships are just hurting individuals in search of happiness and wholeness. Marriage provides the perfect relationship with elaborate promises and expectations of love and warmth, where all needs and dreams are to be met by the husband or wife. Sadly, however, as substantiated by divorce statistics, too many couples find this sacred space intended for love and fulfilment become the most vulnerable, unsafe space. As a minister searching for a systematic process to unravel this mystery of failed or failing marriages, I discovered a psycho-social model for therapy, called Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT), which not only produced excellent counselling results, but also seemed compatible with more theological approaches to couples therapy. IRT unravels for me the “why” and gives me a quantifiable aspect to my work which helps me grasp conceptually that which I instinctively have discovered and known theologically. I have embarked on this research, firstly, to understand the problem and the extent thereof facing our society; secondly to identify the strengths and shortcomings in Pastoral Care theory and praxis (such as the recurring problem of a realistic and workable Biblical counselling model for pastors), and thirdly to investigate the feasibility whether and how the Imago Relationship Theory could be integrated in Pastoral Care praxis. The intention was, and remains, that after I have done this research to make it available, in appropriate format, to help pastors in assisting couples to avoid pitfalls in their marriages. In turn, it is hoped that this new found perspective would also benefit the pastor and his wife, since many pastors find their marriages also under strain. Every pastor who works with the lives of congregants understands the volatility of relationships. This understanding has been built over long periods of time with them and he has witnessed how their lives have morphed under pressure due to problems that at times have been overwhelming. Sadly some of the pain is self-inflicted or has been inflicted upon them. As one delves into this subject matter one becomes aware of just how inadequately equipped some pastors really are and how important it is to equip them to effectively help others. I chose to examine Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT), knowing its efficacy, and wondered how this would fit into a Pneumatological counselling model. Various practical theologians (such as DJ Louw and JJ Rebel) have recently been discovering Pneumatology – the reflection on the work of the Holy Spirit, through whom the work of God the Father and God the Son is being applied and appropriated in the person, in the congregation, and in the fullness of life in the world – as the framework for practical theology, especially Pastoral Care. I thus deliberately explored Pneumatology as such a theological Sitz im Leben for reflecting on IRT integrated into a Biblical model for counselling. I needed an affective therapeutic model which would could be integrated, and enhance the biblical framework in counselling. Furthermore this therapeutic mechanism needed to be subservient to attain the greatest goal of God and that is to serve and help transform humankind created in His Image. I conducted a systematic literature review of IRT and relevant theological insights from Pastoral Care theory. This investigation is to establish the viability of an integration of IRT into a Pneumatological Pastoral Care theory and praxis to be used as a Pastoral Tool for ministers dealing with the crisis of broken marriages. It was surprising to see how well IRT fits into the theological framework and can enhance an already effective psychological therapy process.

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