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Anthropogenic influences and climate change are warming rivers in New Brunswick and threatening the cold water habitats of native salmonids. When ambient river temperatures in summer exceed the tolerance level of Atlantic salmon and brook trout, individuals behaviourally thermoregulate by seeking out cold water refugia. These critical thermal habitats are often created by tributaries and concentrated groundwater discharge. Thermal infrared imagery was used to map cold water anomalies along a 53 km reach of the Cains River on 23 July 2008. Although efficient and useful for mapping surface temperature of a continuous stream reach, the fish did not use all identified thermal anomalies as refugia. Overall, 100 % of observed large brook trout >35 cm in length were found in 30 % of the TIR-mapped cold water anomalies. Ninety eight percent of observed small brook trout 8 – 30 cm in length were found in 80 % of the mapped cold water anomalies and their densities within anomalies were significantly higher than densities outside of anomalies. Fifty nine percent of observed salmon parr were found in 65 % of the mapped anomalies; however, they were dispersed within study sites and their densities were not significantly different within anomalies compared to outside of the anomalies. No brook trout were observed at the seven noncold water study sites that were investigated. Preference curves for various habitat variables including velocity, temperature, depth, substrate, and deep water availability near cold water anomalies were developed based on field investigations during high temperature events (ambient river temperature >21 oC). Combined with thermal imagery, managers can use the physical descriptions of thermal refugia developed here as a tool to help conserve and restore critical thermal refugia for Atlantic salmon and brook trout on the Cains River, and potentially similar river systems.

This thesis offers a contrastive analysis of the notion of definiteness as conveyed by the system of the article in English and Standard Arabic. Definiteness and other notions associated with it are investigated semantically and syntactically in an attempt to discover how these two languages approach such notions and when the two languages converge and diverge in this respect. To this end, corpus analysis is chosen as a means to inspect these ideas. The corpus, The Brook Kerith, by the Irish writer, George Moore, is chosen for geo-historical and literary reasons: the story takes place in the Holy Land at the dawn of this Christian era. A contrastive analysis of the first chapter along with its translation is analyzed from a pragmatic and semantic perspective. The analysis is followed by statistical and computational analyses. It is found that the article "the" and the Arabic article "al' are used for seemingly the same purpose in the proportion of 76%. The occurrence of the article "a/an" is 96% consistent with indefiniteness in Arabic. However, the use of the "zero article" shows discrepancy as whether to use the article "al" or no article in Arabic. In the last analysis, the cognitive operations underlying usage in both languages are similar. The differences are on the level of the semiotic transformation of these deep operations.

Habitat conditions, use and preference, size-at-age, density and condition were assessed for headwater brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in streams in Southern Ontario where water extraction was occurring. Research was divided into two separate, but related studies, conducted during the summer and fall of 2002 and 2004. The first study sought to document the habitat conditions that influence size-at-age and density of age-0 brook charr and to test the hypotheses that: [1] differences in fork-lengths among sites were principally influenced by differences in stream thermal regimes as measured by accumulated thermal units (ATUs), with differences in stream physical characteristics (e.g., water quality, morphology, riparian vegetation) also having significant effects; [2] among-stream differences in flow regimes would significantly influence among-stream differences in age-0 densities, with increases in flow being positively correlated with density; and, [3] length and density would be negatively correlated. Results indicated that differences in temperature, stream site and flow influenced differences in age-0 length and density of brook charr. The effect of temperature, as measured by accumulated thermal units, dominated other influences, providing strong support for the null hypothesis [1] that size differences among sites were primarily driven by differences in the prevailing thermal regime. Some evidence was found to suggest that differences in stream physical characteristics influenced fish size and density, with stream flow affecting both to a moderate degree. Thus while study results provide support for the hypothesis [2] concerning flow-related impacts on age-0 brook charr in headwater streams, changes in flow cannot be considered of prime importance over the range of stream discharge differences (14.3-28.5 L???s -1) observed here. Finally, there was no support for hypothesis [3] concerning the negative correlation between age-0 fork-length and density. The second study investigated the effects of municipal groundwater pumping on stream habitat and the resident brook charr population of Monora Creek, Orangeville, Ontario. Specifically, the study aimed to test the hypotheses that: [1] well-related water extraction was associated with habitat degradation at sites proximate to the extraction point; and, [2] degraded habitat was associated with reduced juvenile and adult brook charr use and preference, reduced occupancy density and reduced condition. Study results indicated significant, although subtle, changes in available habitat as a result of pumping activity, with habitats in areas impacted by groundwater pumping showing significant decreases in hydraulic gradient, stream depth and the availability of under-cut bank and run and pool habitat. Combined, the changes in habitat influenced use, with age-0 densities declining in stream reaches impacted by pumping relative to reaches of the stream not impacted by pumping. When adjusting for the relative availability of groundwater extraction on affected and non-affected habitat, standardized habitat preference indices indicated a significant preference for non-affected stream reaches among age-0 brook charr. Adults evidenced only slight changes in distribution among the available habitats that were seasonally dependent, with reduced densities observed in affected habitats and increased densities in non-affected habitats noted only in the fall. Changes in brook charr condition (weight-length relationship) and mortality were generally not in evidence during the course of this study. Combined, these studies suggest development actions moderating either the thermal or flow regime of streams will have negative effects on population status. Water extraction risks altering habitat in unfavourable ways by interrupting important linkages between flow and temperature that favour growth and density, but that prevent critical physiological thresholds for temperature from being surpassed. Furthermore, the impacts on brook charr populations subjected to moderating pumping appear to relate more to patterns of within stream distribution and habitat use than to any direct measures of fitness such as survival or growth. The latter result suggests monitoring abundance and/or condition alone will not suffice to provide early warning of population stress responses to water extraction activities.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Restricted until November 1998. Bibliography: leaves 56-57.

Thesis (D. Mus. Arts)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes the program from the production of Carmen at the University of Puget Sound on August 12 and 13, 1995, in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [109]-111).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 492 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 155 : ill., maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-91).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 122-133.

Thesis (D. Ed. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124).