A sequence of plutonic rocks in the Sisson Brook claims group owned by Kidd Creek Mines Ltd., range in composition from gabbro at the margin through diorite and quartz diorite to the Nashwaak Granite at the core. Field relations show the gabbros to be oldest, granites the youngest. A regional foliation developed in the gabbro, diorite and to a lesser extent quartz diorite is evidence they have undergone a regional metamorphic event. The contortion into tight ptygmatic folds of small granitic dykes in quartz diorite outcrops near the Nashwaak Granite attests to a compressional metamorphic event. Mineralogically however, there is no evidence that suggest the rocks have undergone more than a low grade of metamorphism. With the exception of location C1, the granites are not foliated, indicating their emplacement post dated metamorphism. The rocks are calc-alkaline and metaluminous with the exception of the granites which are peraluminous. This is consistent with trends seen in chemical variation diagrams which suggest that, excluding the granites, the rocks are co-magmatic. It is proposed here that the latent heat of crystallization from cooling gabbro, diorite, and quartz diorite magmas melted enclosing country rock producing a melt of granite composition. All rock types have been effected to various degrees, by a late stage K, Rb-metasomatism. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> is the only salmonid native to the southern Appalachian Mountains, and is distributed across eastern North America from Canada to Georgia. This species was once abundant in coldwater lakes and streams throughout its range, but environmental disturbances and the introduction of non-native species have drastically reduced the number and sizes of wild populations. Genetic evidence suggests a division at the subspecies level between southern- and northern-derived brook trout populations, with the break between the two forms occurring roughly at the New River watershed. Before the subspecies structure was recognized, brook trout of northern origin were widely stocked throughout the Southeast. The primary objective of this study was to determine the phylogenetic origin of all wild brook trout populations in southwestern Virginia using allozyme markers. Seventy-eight streams believed to contain brook trout in the New, James, Holston, and Yadkin river drainages were sampled by backpack electrofishing. Muscle tissue samples were collected from 916 individuals from 56 populations using a non-lethal biopsy technique. The samples were analyzed by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis and histochemical staining techniques. Variation at four polymorphic loci, including the diagnostic creatine kinase (<i>CK-A2*</i>) locus, was quantified in terms of genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation. Allele frequencies indicated that 19 populations were of putative southern origin, 5 of northern origin, and 32 of mixed genetic origin. The secondary objective was to determine the geographic distribution of southern- and northern-form brook trout populations throughout the native range using data compiled from all known genetic studies. A map of these data showed that the break between the southern and northern form is sharp, occurring at the New/Roanoke-James watershed divide. Populations from the New River drainage expressed the southern allele at a frequency of 85%, suggesting that their historic native character is southern, and that the presence of northern alleles is due to stocking or stream-capture events. The persistence of the southern form, despite the heavy stocking of northern-derived individuals, may be evidence of an adaptive advantage for the southern form of the species. Existence of adaptive genetic differentiation supports the case for conservation of the southern form of the species in future management of brook trout. / Master of Science

Barriers to fish movement can cause aquatic habitat fragmentation by reducing the amount of available habitat. The primary goal of my research was to investigate applications of population genetic analysis tools as indicators of barrier effects on brook trout populations in fragmented subwatersheds. In chapter1, I tested the hypothesis that brook trout population genetic differentiation (FST) above and below barriers will differ in relation to barrier height and gradient. I also tested the hypothesis that average gene diversity per locus (H) and the numbers of alleles (A) differed between samples below and above each barrier. There was no significant difference in average number of alleles (A) or average gene diversity per locus (H) between the above- and below-barrier samples, but linear regression identified a statistically significant relationship between barrier height and FST values. Unrooted neighbor-joining consensus trees of Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards (1967) chord distances provided evidence of genetic differentiation between samples of resident brook trout above and below natural barriers. Additionally, average total allelic diversity (A), average gene diversity per locus (H), average number of private alleles per locus per sample, and total alleles per sample differed between Level III Ecoregions. In chapter 2 I tested the hypothesis that the presence of a barrier, total habitat potentially isolated above a barrier (km), road density, and percent forest cover within a subwatershed (USGS 6th-level Hydrologic Units) were significant habitat fragmentation factors affecting the effective population size (Ne) of brook trout in the Blue Ridge Level III Ecoregion. Multivariable linear regression indicated that total habitat above the barrier (km) and road density were significant variables retained in the model to predict Ne. In chapter 3, the objective of the study was to infer relationships between barriers and family structure in brook trout populations. Maximum likelihood analysis of pairwise kinship relationships between above- and below-barrier individuals indicated the presence of parent-offspring relationships between above- and below-barrier individuals at six sites in the Blue Ridge Level III Ecoregion and five sites in the Northern Lakes and Forests Level III Ecoregion, which indicated movement of individuals between the above- and below-barrier locations. / Ph. D.

The relation between prey density and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis food consumption has not been quantified in natural streams. This relation may be most critical in the summer when southern Appalachian trout have demonstrated poor growth. It is not Known whether the poor growth is due to the low food densities or to excess temperatures and increased metabolic costs. Purposes of this study were to quantify the relation between prey density and food consumption in brook trout, identify how diel feeding and prey size selectivity by brook trout affect the relation, and to determine if slow growth in the summer was caused by low daily rations or other factors. Daily consumption was estimated in May, July and September of 1989, for four streams in Shenandoah National Park. Sampling was performed at 6-hour intervals over 24 hours. Adult and yearling trout did not consume more food at one specific time throughout the summer, but juvenile trout (< 100 mm) fed significantly less at night in both July and September. All sizes of fish selected for prey longer than 4mm. The best predictor of daily ration (corrected for temperature) over the summer was the number of prey longer than 4mm/m³. Models parameterized to quantify the relation between prey density and food consumption showed that adult trout were significantly more likely to have a higher daily ration per gram body weight (temperature and size corrected) than yearling trout at low ( < 1.0 prey longer than 4mm/m³) prey densities. Daily ration of juvenile trout was independent of prey abundance. The prey density-consumption relation was more consistent within streams than among streams, which suggests that habitat or population characteristics may influence the prey density-consumption relation. Trout had the most energy available for growth in July followed by May and then September. Daily ration was most dependent on temperature in May and on prey density in July and September. Juvenile trout did not decrease daily ration as much from July to September as did yearling and adult trout. All sizes of trout met maintenance costs in both early and late summer, yet yearling and adult trout did not grow in late summer although stream temperature was optimum for growth. Growth was negatively correlated with daily ration in the late summer, suggesting that activity costs may be more important in determining growth in late summer than prey densities. Activity costs varied substantially among streams. The effect of food consumption and habitat on activity costs needs to be defined to improve understanding of the determinants of growth in stream environments. / Master of Science

Do espaço vazio ao círculo aberto: rumo à cenografia e indumentária sagradas de Peter Brook identifica e expõe o processo de criação do espaço teatral, dos cenários e dos trajes de cena, nos espetáculos Marat-Sade, Sonho de uma Noite de Verão, Mahabharata, Qui est lá e A Tragédia de Hamlet, realizados pelo grande encenador do século XX. Reflete, documenta e identifica os princípios que orientam os projetos de concepção dos elementos visuais das peças, durante a concepção do espetáculo e, a partir da análise destes documentos, aponta para a evolução de seu teatro rumo ao que Brook define como teatro sagrado. / From the empty space to the open circle: towards Peter Brook\'s holy set and costumes design identifies and explains the process of creating theatrical space, the sets and the costumes of Marat-Sade, Midsummer Night Dream, Mahabharata, Who is there and The Tragedy of Hamlet, performed by the great director of the twentieth century. Reflects, documents and identifies the principles that guided the design projects of the visual elements of those plays during their conception, and from the analysis of these documents, points to the evolution of his theatre towards what Brook defines as holy theatre.

Seasonal movements of anadromous brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were studied in riviere au Saumon, James Bay, during 1986 to 1988. A comparison of the biology and energetic parameters between sea run and freshwater brook trout was made in the same system. Anadromous brook trout started their downstream movements in May and displacements peaked in June, but some also occurred in fall. Downstream movements were correlated with spring and fall freshets. Important interannual variation was observed in the movement pattern. Seaward movements of anadromous trout were limited to the brackish waters, as fish congregated at the river mouth. I suggest that movements into brackish waters are passive. Upstream movements began in late July and continued until freezing (November), with the intensity of movement varying annually according to climatic conditions. / Comparison between anadromous and freshwater trout showed very little difference in mean length at age, age at maturity, egg size and fecundity between the two groups. However, examination of energetic parameters indicated that sea run brook trout had a greater increase in condition factor during the summer than the freshwater residents. This raise in condition factor is accompanied by a decrease in water content and a lower water content in the eggs of anadromous fish. These results indicate that benefits associated with anadromous migrations in brook trout reside in the seasonal pattern of energy storage, which is important for the recovery from energy expenditure associated with spawning and overwintering.