The purpose of this thesis is to analyse in detail the issue of consumer protection within the Brussels I bis regulation, establishment of the international court jurisdiction and the question of recognition and enforcement of a judgement. The thesis concentrates especially on a different position of consumer and measures that amend his situation. The thesis is composed of 9 chapters that are further divided into subchapters and points. Chapter One is an introductory chapter focusing on a consumer and defining reasons for his protection. Chapter Two explains the topic of international private law and european international private law, including the European judicial area. Chapter Three describes the development of legislation in the area of judicial cooperation in civil matters since the Brussels convention up to the Brussels I bis regulation and mentions respective changes. The chapter also focuses on different status of certain countries within the European judicial cooperation. Chapter Four examines the subject of regulation of Brussels I bis, lists the types of jurisdictions and looks at its specifics. It also investigates the applicability of regulation from the temporal, material, territorial and personal scopes of application. Chapter Five concerns several institutes. It defines the term...

Regulation of international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation Abstract This master thesis deals with the international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation. The main aim is to analyse the provisions of the Brussels I bis Regulation and compare them with the previous Brussels I Regulation and with the proposed amendments. Attention is paid to the choice of court agreements as an instrument providing the party autonomy, and also to the controversial issues of the new regulation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the history of the European international jurisdiction which is reliant on the development of the European integration. It shows the background of preparation of the Brussels Convention, the Lugano Convention, the Brussels I Regulation and its recast. The second chapter focuses on the scope of application of the Brussels I bis Regulation. Before the analyse of individual provision, the attention is paid to the international element as the implicit condition to apply the Brussels I bis Regulation. The thesis then explores the material scope of the regulation stressing the term "civil and commercial matters". The originally proposed universal scope is examined within the personal scope of the regulation. However, it was implemented only...

The purpose of the thesis is to offer a comprehensive commentary of the choice-of-court agreements under the Brussels I bis regulations and the 2005 Convention on Choice of Court Agreements ("Convention") and to refer to the main problems which may arise during the application of these instruments to the disputes arising from relationships in which the choice- of-court agreement was concluded. The paper is composed of five main chapters. The first four chapters deal with the framework of the Brussels I bis, the fifth chapter illustrates the rules of the Convention. Chapter one is dedicated to the fundamental characteristics of the Brussels I bis. It compares the rules contained therein with the previous legislation, analyses its principles and purposes, the interpretation of the terms contained therein and the relation to the other instruments. Chapter two deals with the detailed analysis of the choice-of-court agreements under the Brussels I bis, particularly with the scope of effect of art. 25, the effect of jurisdictional agreements, their characteristics, formalities necessary for their creations, their extent, forms, formal and material validity, cases where the Brussels I bis restricts the effect of the choice-of-court agreements and the consequences of such violation. Chapter three explains...

Pendant longtemps, la qualification lege fori a dominé la scène internationale. D'une conception stricte, témoin d'une analyse particulariste du droit international privé, elle a progressivement évolué vers une conception assouplie. Aujourd'hui, les auteurs s'accordent à voir dans la qualification lege fori, une méthode de qualification appropriée. Confrontée au droit des obligations, la qualification lege fori révèle ses faiblesses. Elle est atteinte d'un vice originel qui implique de s'interroger sur son bien-fondé. Même assouplie, la qualification lege fori est incapable de se détacher des concepts du for. Une situation internationale sera donc résolue selon des concepts dictés pour les besoins du droit interne. Ces insuffisances s'observent à l'étude de cas hybrides. Il s'agit d'hypothèses particulièrement délicates à qualifier car elles se situent à la lisière de la matière contractuelle et de la matière délictuelle. La présente étude se propose de rechercher un modèle de qualification qui puisse répondre à la fonction internationale de la règle à appliquer. À côté de la qualification lege fori, il existe une appréhension européenne de la qualification. Celle-ci s'organise autour de l'élaboration de qualifications autonomes, a priori distinctes de la qualification lege fori. La Cour de justice a ainsi opté pour une qualification autonome des notions de matière contractuelle et de matière délictuelle. Confrontée à la qualification lege fori, la qualification autonome révèle sa véritable nature. Sous certains aspects, elle est une forme de qualification lege fori. Sous un autre angle, elle s'en éloigne et peut être analysée comme une véritable qualification internationale. Contrairement à la qualification lege fori, la qualification autonome répond à la fonction internationale de la règle de droit international privé. Elle est donc adaptée aux besoins de la vie internationale. Une fois le bien-fondé de l'approche autonome posée, il était nécessaire de s'interroger sur sa généralisation. En effet, l'adoption d'un ensemble complet de textes en droit international privé européen des obligations a fait émerger un débat sur l'opportunité d'adopter une qualification unitaire des notions communes aux textes de Bruxelles et de Rome. La présente étude se propose de retenir un modèle autonome et moniste de la qualification borné aux seules relations internationales. / For a long time, the lege fori characterisation has dominated the international scene. It has evolved from a strict conception, witness of a particularistic approach of private international law, towards a more flexible conception. Nowadays, authors accept the lege fori characterisation as an appropriate characterisation method. Faced with the law of obligations, the lege fori characterisation shows its weaknesses. It is suffering from an original defect which prompts interrogations on its merits. Even relaxed, the lege fori characterisation cannot be detached from the concepts of the lex fori. An international situation will therefore be resolved according to concepts dictated based on the needs of the law of the forum. Such inadequacies can be observed when studying hybrid cases. Hybrid cases hypotheses are extremely difficult to classify as they stand on the border between matters relating to tort/delict and matters relating to contracts. The present study will search for a characterisation model able to fulfil the international function of the rule to apply. A European understanding of characterisation exists beside the lege fori characterisation. It revolves around the elaboration of autonomous characterisations, in principle distinct from the lege fori characterisation. The European Court of Justice chose an autonomous characterisation for the notions of matter relating to contract and matter relating to tort/delict. Faced with the lege fori characterisation, the autonomous characterisation reveals its true nature. In some respects, it is a type of lege fori characterisation. From another perspective, it diverges from it and can be interpreted as a true international characterisation. Unlike the lege fori characterisation, the autonomous characterisation fulfils the international function of the private international law rule. Therefore, it is suitable to the needs of international affairs. Once the merits of the autonomous approach have been established, it is necessary to consider whether it can be generalized or not. Indeed, the adoption of a complete set of rules in European private international law relating to contractual and non-contractual obligations highlights a debate on the opportunity to adopt a unitary characterisation for the common notions of the Rome and Brussels Conventions and Regulations. The present study suggests to consider an autonomous and monistic model for characterisation but only to the extent international relations are involved.