This Master’s Report explores how the social geography of Buenos Aires transformed between 1887 and 1910 and how these changes affected the city’s development. It argues that despite the state’s purported willingness to provide security and sanitation services to its citizenry, changing settlement patterns and expanding democratic participation led to the unequal distribution of public resources and the decay of neighborhoods in the south and west of the city. It argues that as public works removed inexpensive housing in the city’s downtown and transportation networks linked the city’s peripheries closer to the nucleus, members of the middle class and elites increasingly congregated in center and north of the city. Buenos Aires’ neighborhoods became segregated increasingly along class lines and patronage networks broke down. Members of the working class, now concentrated in their own neighborhoods, were unable gain the same resources. Inequality in the allocation of government benefits created clear physical and cultural barriers between rich and poor segments of the city. Unequal access to security forces played an especially important role in stigmatizing poor regions. While the police department vigilantly protected safety, private property and order in some parts of the city, they did not provide enough officers to complete the same tasks in others. Crime went unchecked in poorer regions. The municipal government published statistics and commentary on crime in the southern and western districts of the capital. This imagery cast the area’s residents as threats to public safety and sanitation that the state should control and maintain segregated rather than aid. By casting them as a threatening “other,” city officials denied inhabitants of poor neighborhoods’ future claims to public resources. / text

Although the curative model of medical care is predominant it is necessary to consider the palliative strategies at the end-of-life. The inter-relation of dying children, their families and pediatric palliative care teams are seldom analyzed outside Palliative Care. However, it is important to ethnographically think about the disturbing experiences of body and subject disintegration while people are directly experiencing them, even when the person is a child or a newborn baby. A central topic in this study is how personhood, body formation and disintegration, and childhood can be understood within the context of unevenly constructed and shared palliative communication with and without words. Hence, I analyze in this study how a Palliative Care Team in the city of Buenos Aires provides care, communicates, and ultimately produces a particular companionship to dying children and their families. This work is built on qualitative information gathered and produced during my four-month fieldwork with the Palliative Care Team. The ethnographic techniques (participant observation, non-participant observation and open-ended semi-structured interviews) I conducted show that their strategies of care and communication have as the main goal the process of companionship at the end of children’s lives. It is necessary to understand how patients, parents, and other family members are situated in this field of tensions between restorative and palliative medicine, and brought into this culture of Palliative Care in a public children’s hospital. My research asks, in what ways are pediatric Palliative Care practices exclusive to the social and cultural contexts of Buenos Aires? This work has three main sections: 1. care, 2. communication, and 3. companionship. In section one I focus on the clinical and non-clinical aspects of care involving the professionals’ and volunteers’ practices of giving care. In section two I concentrate my attention on the verbal and non-verbal aspects of the Palliative Care Team communication with children and families. In section three I consider the professional production of ‘companionship’. In this thesis I will demonstrate the significance of this concept according to the Palliative Care Team members and how care and communication are the base for the ‘production of companionship.’

This dissertation investigates informal waste recycling practices in the modern urban centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina. My research sets a baseline for the living and working conditions of the approximately 9,000 informal recyclers (cartoneros) in the city, focusing on their health, socio-economic status, and access to social and material resources. The research methods included a survey (n = 397) and interviews (n = 30) with cartoneros, as well as key informant interviews and an analysis of newspaper articles addressing informal recycling in the city. My findings indicate that Buenos Aires’ cartoneros, while not the poorest of the poor, are of a relatively low socio-economic status. Their health outcomes and determinants of health are poor compared to others in the Greater Buenos Aires region, and these workers are often stigmatized and discriminated against because of their associations with waste. Cartoneros’ experiences of the city are characterized by a series of social, political, and physical exclusions, revealing a state of urban inequality in Buenos Aires. I argue that municipal agendas of neoliberal urban development are implicated in both the symbolic and physical marginalization of these workers. Cartoneros draw upon many resources in coping with the multiple vulnerabilities that they face (particularly social resources and assets derived from their labour). They also occasionally engage with urban processes of exclusion through collective action and rhetorical redefinitions of their role in society. These workers are therefore active agents in their own destinies, and potential actors for social change. The municipal government of Buenos Aires has recently implemented a formalization plan for some of the city’s cartoneros; the dissertation includes an assessment of these plans, as well as recommendations for other policy-based interventions to informal recycling practices.

Within Buenos Aires there exists a boundary between the formal, planned developments of the middle class and the informal, organically-developed self-built housing of the poor. Villa 31, an informal settlement located near the heart of the city, contrasts directly with the skyscrapers of the Argentinean capital’s financial and political centre. The tension between the formal and informal cities creates a stigmatization of the residents of Villa 31, essentially barring the possibility of its integration into the city. The boundary between Villa 31 and Buenos Aires exists not only in the physical space between the two, but more importantly in the collective imagination of the city’s inhabitants. This is a story of the space between Villa 31 and Buenos Aires. It chronicles the attempts at crossing that boundary and the obstacles encountered. As a means of presenting the work to a broad audience, the story was written as a comic book. The first-person narrative helps to immerse the reader in the story while presenting the full complexity of the problem through a personal account. The story reveals the complex relationship between Villa 31 and Buenos Aires as a means of understanding the invisible boundary between the two. The core of the research consists of two months of field work in Buenos Aires conducted through October and November of 2009. Journal entries, photographs, conversations and first-hand experiences were transformed into a comic book that tells a story of the invisible boundary between Villa 31 and Buenos Aires.

Although the curative model of medical care is predominant it is necessary to consider the palliative strategies at the end-of-life. The inter-relation of dying children, their families and pediatric palliative care teams are seldom analyzed outside Palliative Care. However, it is important to ethnographically think about the disturbing experiences of body and subject disintegration while people are directly experiencing them, even when the person is a child or a newborn baby. A central topic in this study is how personhood, body formation and disintegration, and childhood can be understood within the context of unevenly constructed and shared palliative communication with and without words. Hence, I analyze in this study how a Palliative Care Team in the city of Buenos Aires provides care, communicates, and ultimately produces a particular companionship to dying children and their families. This work is built on qualitative information gathered and produced during my four-month fieldwork with the Palliative Care Team. The ethnographic techniques (participant observation, non-participant observation and open-ended semi-structured interviews) I conducted show that their strategies of care and communication have as the main goal the process of companionship at the end of children’s lives. It is necessary to understand how patients, parents, and other family members are situated in this field of tensions between restorative and palliative medicine, and brought into this culture of Palliative Care in a public children’s hospital. My research asks, in what ways are pediatric Palliative Care practices exclusive to the social and cultural contexts of Buenos Aires? This work has three main sections: 1. care, 2. communication, and 3. companionship. In section one I focus on the clinical and non-clinical aspects of care involving the professionals’ and volunteers’ practices of giving care. In section two I concentrate my attention on the verbal and non-verbal aspects of the Palliative Care Team communication with children and families. In section three I consider the professional production of ‘companionship’. In this thesis I will demonstrate the significance of this concept according to the Palliative Care Team members and how care and communication are the base for the ‘production of companionship.’

University, Diss., 2004--Bremen.

Clorindo Testa ocupa lugar de destaque no panorama da arquitetura argentina. Dada a sua longa produção arquitetônica - que se estende até a atualidade -, pode-se afirmar que a mesma é composta por fases distintas. Para exemplificar o primeiro período de sua carreira, destacam-se as obras que impulsionaram o seu reconhecimento profissional, tanto na Argentina, quanto internacionalmente, sendo elas: o Centro Cívico de Santa Rosa (1955-1976), o Banco de Londres (1960-1966) e a Biblioteca Nacional (1961-1996). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal a análise sistemática do projeto da Biblioteca Nacional e de sua inserção urbana, assim como a apresentação dos momentos que compõem a história dessa edificação. Além disso, pretende-se apresentar Clorindo Testa e sua arquitetura nos primeiros anos de sua carreira, através de uma aproximação dos outros dois projetos supracitados, que também representam essa fase. / Clorindo Testa has occupied a remarkable place in Argentinean architecture. Given his extensive architectonic production – which has been extended until today –, one can say it has distinct phases. As examples from the first period of his career, we can highlight the works that have driven his professional acknowledgement both in Argentina and over the world: Santa Rosa Civic Center (1955-1976), Bank of London (1960-1966), and the National Library (1961-1996). This work aims at systematically analyzing the project of the National Library and its urban insertion, as well as presenting the moments that have composed the history of this building. Besides that, we intend to present Clorindo Testa and his architecture in the early years of his career, through an approximation to the other two projects above mentioned, which are also representative of that phase.

Na seguinte dissertação é desenvolvida uma aproximação à obra de Mario Roberto Álvarez parcializada em função de suas edificações de densidade em altura em Buenos Aires e limitada a um tipo de explicação projetual baseada na hipótese de que a produção desenvolvida por Álvarez, por sua extensão e transcendência, é capaz de aportar um conhecimento do projeto arquitetônico vital para entender o desenvolvimento da arquitetura moderna, sua relação com a cidade e sua vigência como uma arquitetura importante para o presente. O trabalho dedica as primeiras páginas ao desenvolvimento e exposição de uma metodologia de investigação do projeto e à apresentação do arquiteto em questão e sua obra dentro do contexto histórico e cultural em que se acha inserta. A partir do terceiro capítulo se estabelece uma seleção de suas obras mais significativas para esta aproximação, são analisadas uma por uma e se desenvolve uma reflexão teórica de caráter geral e relacional entre todas elas. Para o desenvolvimento da análise e das reflexões foi utilizado, como ferramenta de conhecimento, o próprio sistema de projeto, buscando estabelecer um conhecimento que surja a partir do diálogo permanente entre projeto e pensamento. Finalmente, o trabalho foi julgado como uma aproximação inicial a um campo de reflexão teórica do projeto, ligado à realidade da arquitetura moderna latinoamericana e, em particular, à experiência desenvolvida na Argentina. / In the following dissertation there is a development of an approach to Mario Roberto Álvarez' work partialized in relation to its buildings of density in height in Buenos Aires and delimited to an explanation from the projection point of view. This explanation is based on the hypothesis that the production developed by Álvarez, for its extension and transcendence, is capable of providing knowledge about the architectonic project, vital to understand the development of modern architecture, its relationship with the city and its validity as a major architecture for the present. The work dedicates its first pages to the development and statement of the project research methodology and to the introduction of the architect in question and his work within the historical and cultural context in which it is inserted. From the third chapter on, there is a selection of his most significant works for this approach, they are analyzed one by one and there is a development of a theoretical meditation of a general and a relational character, among all of them. For the analysis and meditation development, the knowledge tool used was the project system itself, looking for the setting up of knowledge arising from the permanent dialogue between project and thoughts. Finally, the work is assessed as an initial approach to a field of theoretical thought of the project connected to the reality of Latin American modern architecture and in particular, the experience developed in Argentina.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T09:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 204295.pdf: 403513 bytes, checksum: 775c9d0b616f4854af18ece8e207959f (MD5) / Neste estudo se analisam os discursos e atividades de trabalhadores culturais (Ribeiro, 1998) imigrantes na cidade de Buenos Aires, Argentina, na atualidade, que qualificam as suas atividades culturais e a categoria social a qual pertencem como 'afro'. Através deste recorte visamos compreender as formas de demarcação de fronteiras étnicas e culturais e a variedade de posicionamentos que informam o trabalho cultural neste circuito (Magnani, 1996). Se examinam o processo de invisibilização (Leite, 1996) dos negros na Argentina e as valorizações ligadas à categoria de negros no contexto em questão para compreender o trato específico que recebem esses imigrantes na atualidade e as iniciativas por eles desenvolvidas. Com apoio em conceitualizações sobre relações interétnicas, se exploram as formas de nomeação adotadas pelos agentes, os processos de articulação da identidade pessoal na categoria social 'afro', o estabelecimento de alianças e demarcação de diferenças. Mostramos como imigrantes de diferentes procedências elaboram uma memória social (Santos, 2003) que vincula o grupo social dos 'afro' no qual se incluem, com o passado dos afro-descendentes na região.

Clorindo Testa ocupa lugar de destaque no panorama da arquitetura argentina. Dada a sua longa produção arquitetônica - que se estende até a atualidade -, pode-se afirmar que a mesma é composta por fases distintas. Para exemplificar o primeiro período de sua carreira, destacam-se as obras que impulsionaram o seu reconhecimento profissional, tanto na Argentina, quanto internacionalmente, sendo elas: o Centro Cívico de Santa Rosa (1955-1976), o Banco de Londres (1960-1966) e a Biblioteca Nacional (1961-1996). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal a análise sistemática do projeto da Biblioteca Nacional e de sua inserção urbana, assim como a apresentação dos momentos que compõem a história dessa edificação. Além disso, pretende-se apresentar Clorindo Testa e sua arquitetura nos primeiros anos de sua carreira, através de uma aproximação dos outros dois projetos supracitados, que também representam essa fase. / Clorindo Testa has occupied a remarkable place in Argentinean architecture. Given his extensive architectonic production – which has been extended until today –, one can say it has distinct phases. As examples from the first period of his career, we can highlight the works that have driven his professional acknowledgement both in Argentina and over the world: Santa Rosa Civic Center (1955-1976), Bank of London (1960-1966), and the National Library (1961-1996). This work aims at systematically analyzing the project of the National Library and its urban insertion, as well as presenting the moments that have composed the history of this building. Besides that, we intend to present Clorindo Testa and his architecture in the early years of his career, through an approximation to the other two projects above mentioned, which are also representative of that phase.