Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Philosophie--Paris 10, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 759-794. Index.

BEZERRA, José Luciano Nascimento. Probabilidade e probabilidade geométrica: além dos dados, moedas e cartas de baralho. 2015. 63 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Erivan Almeida (eneiro@bol.com.br) on 2015-11-27T13:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jlnbezerra.pdf: 1708061 bytes, checksum: 0fab14f7ea113bc7f093a4db43719972 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales(rocilda@ufc.br) on 2015-11-27T17:01:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jlnbezerra.pdf: 1708061 bytes, checksum: 0fab14f7ea113bc7f093a4db43719972 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-27T17:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jlnbezerra.pdf: 1708061 bytes, checksum: 0fab14f7ea113bc7f093a4db43719972 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This work is a didactic-pedagogical approach to the study and teaching of Probability Theory in Basic Education, with emphasis on the concept of Geometric Probability, its importance and relevance to a more meaningful, effective and attractive learning. It begins with the history and evolution of this unique branch of Applied Mathematics, followed by a section with theory and practice by means of problem solving. The concept of geometric probability is introduced and developed in order to show how broad the theory of probability can be (as presented in textbooks in Brazil), both in terms of content, as well as applications and relations with other areas of mathematics itself. Some interesting and well-know applications in the literature are presented, analyzed and solved in a simple fashion, sometimes by making use of less elementary mathematics, others times by exploring only intuitive aspects. In this section, focused on the application of the concept of geometric probability, we deal with the solving of problems, such as the Problem of Buffon’s Needles, the Pasta Problem and the Problem of the Encounter, among others, closing with the problem of Bertrand’s Paradox. On the sequence the author offers his final remarks and appendix with some demonstrations of results in plane geometry that are used throughout the text. / O presente trabalho consiste numa abordagem didático-pedagógica do estudo e do ensino da Teoria das Probabilidades na Educação Básica, com ênfase no conceito de Probabilidade Geométrica, sua importância e relevância para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, efetiva e atrativa. Inicia-se com a história e evolução deste singular ramo da Matemática Aplicada, seguindo-se uma seção com teoria e prática através da resolução de exercícios. O conceito de probabilidade geométrica é introduzido e desenvolvido a fim de mostrar quão mais abrangente pode ser a Teoria das Probabilidades (como apresentada nos livros didáticos no Brasil), tanto em termos de conteúdo quanto de aplicações e relações com outras áreas da própria Matemática. Algumas aplicações interessantes e conhecidas na literatura são apresentadas, resolvidas e analisadas de modo simples, algumas vezes fazendo uso de matemática menos elementar, outras explorando apenas os aspectos intuitivos. Nesta seção voltada para as aplicações do conceito de probabilidade geométrica, trata-se da solução de problemas como o Problema das Agulhas de Buffon, o Problema do Macarrão e o Problema do Encontro, dentre outros, encerrando com o problema do Paradoxo de Bertrand. Seguem-se as considerações finais do autor e um apêndice com algumas demonstrações de resultados de geometria plana que são utilizados ao longo do texto.

1994--Teilw. zugl.: Diss., 1994.

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss.,2008

Thesis. / Bibliography: p. [79]-80.

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Art History, Dec. 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Inaug.-Diss.--Leipzig. / Lebenslauf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-245).

Ce travail interroge la valeur du syntagme « expérience de pensée » rapporté aux textes de philosophie et d’histoire naturelle du dix-huitième siècle. La prégnance de ce syntagme, tant dans la littérature critique que dans son usage oral spontané ne doit pas occulter sa quasi-absence littérale au XVIIIe siècle, qui lui préfère d’autres noms : l’« investigation » rousseauiste, le « problème » de Molyneux ou les « expériences philosophiques » de Mérian. C’est donc le besoin de trouver le lien manquant entre cette quasi-absence littérale et cette volonté commune de caractériser conceptuellement certains procédés dix-huitiémistes en « expériences de pensées » qui motive notre recherche. À travers un corpus étendu mais représentatif (Lamy, Locke, Fontenelle, Condillac, Buffon, Rousseau, Diderot, Mérian, Fortis) nous analysons les procédés qui légitiment ou non le recours à l’expérience de pensée, en spécifiant les textes par une typologie nouvelle, fondée sur le rapport aux concepts de nature et de possibilité. À partir d’une étude générale du concept d’expérience de pensée, nous analysons son emploi à la charnière des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, par le renouveau des arts de bien penser et parler, puis à travers son importance dans les discussions scientifiques et philosophiques. Nous procédons à l’application typologique de ce qu’il nous semble nécessaire de nommer des espèces de l’expérience de pensée (imaginaire, hypothétique ou conjecturale, projective et extravagante) afin de mettre en évidence les ressorts connus du procédé, à savoir son scénario, sa vocation cognitive et son usage de l’imagination, tout en proposant d’autres données conceptuelles du travail d’écriture et de lecture de l’expérience de pensée : la place conférée à la fiction, l’usage des personnages et la fonction d’un lecteur capable d’expérimenter en pensée de manière rigoureuse et ludique. / This work questions the value of the phrase “thought experiment” related to the texts of philosophy and natural history of the eighteenth century. The importance of this phrase, both in critical literature and in its spontaneous oral use, should not overshadow its literal quasi-absence in the eighteenth century, which prefers other names: Rousseau’s “investigation”, the “problem” of Molyneux or the “philosophical experiments” of Merian. It is thus the need to find the missing link between this quasi-literal absence and this common desire to characterize conceptually certain eighteenth-century processes in “thought experiments” that motivates our research. Through an extensive but representative corpus (Lamy, Locke, Fontenelle, Condillac, Buffon, Rousseau, Diderot, Mérian, Fortis) we analyze the processes that legitimize or not the use of thought experiment, by specifying the texts by a new typology, based on the relationship to the concepts of nature and possibility. Based on a general study of the concept of thought experience, we analyze its use at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, through the renewal of the arts of thinking and speaking well, and then through its importance in scientific and philosophical discussions. We proceed to the typological application of what it seems necessary to name species of the thought experiment (imaginary, hypothetical or conjectural, projective and extravagant) in order to highlight the known springs of the process, namely its scenario, its cognitive vocation and its use of the imagination, while proposing other conceptual data of the work of writing and reading the thought experiment: the place conferred on fiction, the use of characters and the function of a reader able to experiment in thought in a rigorous and playful way.