Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / John W. Keller / Transportation is a means of commutation for goods and people and is also an indicator of socioeconomic status of a community. Recently, there has been much debate and research on the impact of transportation on the health care of a community. Lately, it has been proved that increased dependence of people on cars has led to lack of exercise in their daily life. This lack of exercise has been identified as the root cause of severe cardiovascular ailments like high blood pressure, hypertension and even several types of cancers. As a solution, many planners are now proposing public transit (which forces people to walk to and from transit stations) and other active modes of transport like bikes etc. as alternative transportation options to improve community health and reduce dependence on cars. These options not only help people incorporate exercise in their daily life but a reduction in car usage reduces the demand for parking spaces, traffic congestions, carbon footprints of communities and is fuel efficient. This project based in the City of Manhattan is aimed at suggesting measures to enhance the use of public transit among students at Kansas State University to help incorporate more exercise in their daily lives. The project encompassed an observational study to identify the options currently available for transit and factors which affected transit ridership in the city. The observational study was followed by discussion with a focus group to draw views and opinions. These opinions and views were included in a questionnaire for an online survey to identify areas or measures which were most likely to enhance transit ridership positively and cost effectively. This project provides suggestive guidelines regarding students’ opinion about transit in Manhattan. These suggestions could be used to guide policies and strategies for enhancing transit ridership in the city.

The master´s thesis deals with the characteristics of the engines. The introduction describes the combustion engines, different characteristics and performance measurement technologies through the PTO. The practical part describes the parameters of the tractor John Deere 8320R and parameters measuring test at Mendel University in Brno. From the data is compiled by the nominal rotation speed characteristics and the full rotation speed characteristics. In conclusion, the results are compared with data from the manufacturer and graphs are appropriately described characteristics.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martinellijunior_lc_dr_guara.pdf: 2129598 bytes, checksum: 077cb099a0427f9857575f0eb35c7028 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Máquinas de absorção são dispositivos que produzem frio ou calor útil utilizando como fonte principal o calor residual de processos ou da queima de combustíveis diversos. Estes sistemas de refrigeração podem ser recomendados para aplicações em sistemas de condicionamento de ar de ônibus e caminhões, onde o espaço disponível para a instalação do mesmo é pequeno. Neste trabalho efetua-se o balanço exergético de uma máquina de absorção que utiliza o calor dos gases de exaustão de um motor de combustão interna (diesel) como fonte de energia. Este sistema é aplicado como ar condicionado veicular alternativo. O cálculo baseia-se em sistema aplicado a um ônibus, onde há um grande fluxo de gases de exaustão a elevadas temperaturas. Conclui-se que o calor residual liberado pelo ônibus é suficiente para acionar o sistema de ar condicionado alternativo, e que em termos exergéticos as maiores irreversibilidades estão associadas ao gerador (desorbedor), indicando de certo modo a necessidade de efetuar melhorias neste componente do sistema de absorção. Finalmente a Análise da Eficiência Ecológica é aplicada, considerando o sistema alternativo para um ônibus com motor Mercedez-Benz. A utilização do mesmo possibilita, além de uma visível economia de combustível, a melhoria da eficiência global e ecológica. / Absorption machines are devices that produce useful cold or heat using the residual heat of systems or combustion of several fuels. These absorption refrigeration systems can be recommended for applications in air conditioning systems of buses and trucks, which have a restricted space available for their installation. This work presents the energetic and exergetic balances of an absorption machine that uses the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (diesel) as source of energy. Such system is applied as an alternative vehicular air conditioner. The calculation is based on a bus-installed system where a high flow of exhaust gases at high temperatures is produced. It is concluded that the residual heat released by the bus is sufficient to activate the alternative air conditioning system, and that the largest irreversibilities in exergetic terms are associated to the generator (desorber), indicating somewhat the need to accomplish several improvements in this component of the absorption system. Finally the Ecological Efficiency Analysis are applied considering the alternative system to a bus with a Mercedez-Benz Engine. Using that engine enable an economy of combustion and a global and ecological efficiency better.

[pt] O sistema CYGNUS é um computador multiprocessador de memória compartilhada e arquitetura modular, baseado nos processadores da família Motorola MC68000, que vem sendo desenvolvido pelos Departamentos de Engenharia Elétrica e Informática da PUC/RJ. O presente trabalho consiste do projeto e implementação de dois módulos para o Sistema CYGNUS: módulo Arbitro e Módulo Supervisor. O Módulo Arbitro possibilita que o computador trabalhe em configuração multiprocessadora, já que disciplina o uso da barra de comunicação comum (VME) entre os Módulos Processadores. O módulo Supervisor foi construído para dar suporte a uma série de funções de gerenciamento e supervisão do sistema como um todo, possibilitando um melhor entendimento de seu comportamento e, conseqüentemente, um melhor aproveitamento de seus recursos. / [en] The CYGNUS System is a Motorola MC86000 based shared memory multiprocessor, with a modular architecture, that is being developd by the Engenharia Elétrica and Informática Departaments of PUC/RJ. This work is concerned with the design and implementation of two CYGNUS modules: the Arbiter Module and the Supervisor Module. The Arbiter Module allows CYGNUS to work in a multiprocessor configuration, by determining which Processor Module will access the common bus (VMF Standard), and dealing with the bus cintention. The Supervisor Module is a special Procesor Module, built to give support to a set of system management and supervision functions, which will make possible a better understanding of the system´s behavior, and a rational utilization of its resources.

In this article, we study the school bus routing and scheduling problem with transfers arising in the field of nonperiodic public transportation systems. It deals with the transportation of pupils from home to their school in the morning taking the possibility that pupils may change buses into account. Allowing transfers has several consequences. On the one hand, it allows more flexibility in the bus network structure and can, therefore, help to reduce operating costs. On the other hand, transfers have an impact on the service level: the perceived service quality is lower due to the existence of transfers; however, at the same time, user ride times may be reduced and, thus, transfers may also have a positive impact on service quality. The main objective is the minimization of the total operating costs. We develop a heuristic solution framework to solve this problem and compare it with two solution concepts that do not consider transfers. The impact of transfers on the service level in terms of time loss (or user ride time) and the number of transfers is analyzed. Our results show that allowing transfers reduces total operating costs significantly while average and maximum user ride times are comparable to solutions without transfers. (authors' abstract)

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Gregory L. Newmark / At Kansas State University, there is not an issue of opposition to public bus services. Instead, there is a perception that taking the bus is too complicated to figure out or cannot appropriately serve the community’s needs. This, combined with dependence and attachment to the automobile, caused local buses to become unpopular mode choices. Since the service is still relatively new, it has not been engrained into campus culture and ridership is very low. This study looked at the local bus system, ATA bus, used to access the Manhattan, KS campus of Kansas State University (KSU). According to the ATA Annual Report from 2014, 75% of off-campus students at KSU and 35% of employees live within five minutes of ATA city-wide routes (FHATA 2014). Ideally, all those students and employees would take the bus to class or work, but in reality, most walk or drive. A very small minority of students use the fixed route service, and many are unfamiliar with how the system works. A campus access survey distributed in March 2017 to the KSU community aimed to ascertain familiarity with the system, current level of use, as well as attitudes towards the existing public transportation system. The data recovered from the survey contradicts the hypothesis that the disuse of the bus system was due to an active opposition to public buses. Conversely, it pointed to the conclusion that disuse resulted from a lack of information about the bus service and a deep-set attachment to private automobiles. This research aimed to increase ridership by identifying attitudes towards transit among the KSU community and suggesting strategies for improving service.

Medium access mechanisms are one of the most important aspects of buses, which are shared mediums. Almost all standard buses use Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) as their medium access scheme. Such buses usually are multi-wire, very sensitive to time synchronization, and often managed by a master node. In this thesis, we develop new non-TDMA schemes for bus communications which are based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) that do not have the intrinsic limitations of traditional buses. The proposed schemes are based on a single wire bus setting. Since, in theory, any node can have a dedicated communication link to any other node on the bus, the nodes virtually form a fully-connected mesh, hence the name Mesh-Bus. In such schemes, no master node is required on the bus; therefore, we can have a distributed bus in which all the nodes have the same functionality. Also, no time synchronization is required. Every node, using its unique code/frequency, creates a virtual private link to the other nodes, and using such interference-resistant virtual private links, the nodes communicate data to each other. This dissertation explores the underlying principals of such non-TDMA schemes and through extensive software simulations investigates various scenarios in for CDMA scheme, and studies the performance for the system. Finally, a hardware implementation of the CDMA scheme is presented, and some experimental results are provided to validate the simulation results.