Le trafic routier englobe plusieurs facteurs, entre autres la géométrie des infrastructures routières, le comportement des conducteurs, la diversité des flux de véhicules,etc...Les situations auxquelles sont confrontés les exploitants des réseaux routiers dépendent du type de réseau dont ils ont la charge. Cette complexité du trafic en a fait un domaine de recherche d'un intérêt croissant et ce depuis les premières études qui ont donné naissance au modèle LWR au milieu des années cinquante. Afin de modéliser le trafic sur un réseau routier, deux approches, complémentaires l'une de l'autre sont nécessaires. La première est la modélisation de l'écoulement qui permet de décrire l'évolution des flux de trafic sur un tronçon de route et l'affectation qui décrit la façon dont les usagers choisissent leurs itinéraire sur un réseau. L'objet de ces travaux de thèse est d'apporter une contribution à cette amélioration de la modélisation des flux de trafic, en se concentrant dans un premier lieu sur la modélisation d'un trafic autoroutier constitué de deux classes de véhicules: des véhicules particuliers et des bus. L'étude numérique du modèle se fait en adaptant le modèle de transmission cellulaire de Daganzo. Un estimateur des densités et autre des vitesses de ce trafic mixte sur un tronçon de route ont été présentés. Des résultats de stabilité dans les différents régimes de ce trafic ont été établis. Dans un second lieu sur la modélisation d'un trafic urbain multimodal constitué de trois classes de véhicules: aux deux classes précedement citées, est intégrée une nouvelle classe de bus à haut niveau de service BHNS ou BRT, classe qui tend à se propager au milieu urbain et suburbain et qui est perçue comme solution à de nombreux problèmes liés au trafic par les exploitants de la route.Nous proposons deux modèles pour modéliser la progression du BRT sur le réseau, puis nous développons une stratégie de régulation de ce système de tranport urbain trimodal.L'objectif de la régulation est double, veiller à la fluidité du trafic en général et le respect de positions réferences pour le mode bhns.L'architecture s'appuie sur la commande des systèmes en boucle fermée et utilise la commande prédictive généralisée. Nous avons proposé un modèle hybride de trafic routier basé sur le couplage d'un modèle macroscopique générique de second ordre et d'un modèle microscopique en coordonnées Lagrangiennes. Pour la validation de la bonne transmission de l'information à travers le schéma de couplage, nous avons étudié la propagation et la remontée d'une congestion. / The traffic includes several factors, including the geometry of the road infrastructure, driver behavior, the diversity of vehicle flow, etc ... The situations faced by network operators depend on the type of road network under their charge. This complexity has made traffic a research area of growing interest ever since the first studies that gave rise to the LWR model in the mid-fifties.To model the traffic on a road network, two approaches are complementary to each other are needed. The first is the flow modeling for describing the evolution of traffic flows on a stretch of road and the assignment that describes how users choose their route on a network. The purpose of this thesis work is to contribute to the improvement of the modeling of traffic flows, focusing in primarily on the modeling of a motorway traffic consists of two classes of vehicles: passenger cars and buses. The numerical study of the model is done by adapting the cell transmission model of Daganzo. An estimator for densities and speeds of the mixed traffic on a stretch of road have been submitted. Stability results in the different regimes of trafficking have been established. In the second place on the modeling of a multimodal urban traffic consists of three classes of vehicles: for the two classes mentioned above, is part a new class of high-level bus service class BRT, that tends to spread to urban and suburban which is seen as a solution to many problems related to traffic by the operators of route. We propose two models for the BRT and we develop a control strategie of this system of urban tranport trimodal (cars, buses and BRT). The purpose of the regulation of this strategy is twofold, to ensure the flow of traffic in general and respect for the positions references for the BRT mode. The architecture is based on the control of closed loop systems and uses the generalized predictive control. We have proposed a hybrid model of traffic based on the coupling of a generic second order macroscopic model and a microscopic model in Lagrangian coordinates. To validate the correct transmission of information through the coupling scheme, we have studied the spread and the rise of a congestion.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Vias de Comunicação). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2013

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an innovative bus system with sophisticated vehicles and inflexible busways integrated in the cities, high capacity and high quality, high speed and frequency, distinctive image and comfort. Many in Sweden believe that is impossible to introduce BRT, even though the Swedish towns and cities can benefit from the image, speed and frequency that BRT symbolizes. The archipelago-like urbanization, urban sprawl and the uncompetitive journey times of public transportation compared with the private car are identified as main obstacles. New questions emerged: Is it possible to transform and adjust the Swedish towns and cities for BRT? What demands BRT? How is transit-oriented development (TOD) applicable in a Swedish context as a policy to integrate cities and BRT? In this licentiate thesis I investigate the interrelationship between bus transportation and neighborhoods, between BRT and urban form as well as the possibilities to introduce busways and BRT, to trigger TOD and to transform the Swedish towns and cities for BRT. Much has been written about BRT, but seldom by architects or urban planners and designers. BRT and TOD are seen though urban form and processes of urbanization within a morphological tradition established by Kevin Lynch. BRT is represented by paths and nodes that disperse distinctive attractiveness pattern of desirability cores that shape neighborhoods as districts. TOD is about synchronizing the everyday urban life with public transportation systems. BRT-TOD is defined as a policy to recognize desirability cores spread by the different infrastructures of BRT and promote development of urban form within their attractiveness pattern at urban and regional scale. BRT-TOD is discussed as a concept of BRT metropolis in context of the urbanization of Swedish towns and cities.  TOD is defined morphologically as public transport cities. A public transport city is a city that in its development adapted to specific public transportation systems. TOD is nothing new in Europe or Sweden. To find regularities of the effect of public transportation systems on cities I do a historical overview of the Swedish towns and cities. In the end the position of bus and BRT, public transport cities and TOD and possibilities of future urban transformation of the smaller and larger Swedish cities towards BRT metropolises are discussed in context of today’s “‘system’ of automobility” and widespread car society and the emerging knowledge society and its postmodern fringes of urbanization. / <p>QC 20130917</p>

This study examines potential transportation improvements in the Elysian Fields Avenue Corridor, and the benefit that these improvements may produce. Data for the study area are compiled and analyzed. Conceptual plans for the implementation of different transit technology alternatives were developed and assessed in terms of user benefits, cost, potential land use impacts, potential economic impacts, and feasibility. Case studies and relevant literature are reviewed. The intent of this thesis is to provide an overview of the study area prior and subsequent to Hurricane Katrina, develop plans for the implementation of transit alternatives in the Elysian Fields Avenue Corridor, and assess potential costs and benefits of the different alternatives developed.

[pt] O Brasil, país pioneiro na implantação do BRT, possui alguns corredores com prioridade para serviços de transporte coletivo por ônibus. O sistema BRT no Rio de Janeiro começou a ser desenvolvido há tempos, mas ficou parado por fatores externos até princípio do ano 2021. A partir dessa data, o seu desenvolvimento foi retomado com uma perspectiva diferente para não cometer os mesmos erros do passado. O novo modelo pretende eliminar o risco de demanda, assim como fazer a separação entre fornecimento e operação dos equipamentos, permitindo a participação de atores especializados. Portanto, neste trabalho pretende determinar a viabilidade do novo modelo implementado do sistema BRT pela perspectiva financeira. Foi feito uma pesquisa geral sobre os principais incentivos governamentais, as características dos BRT e o conhecimento acumulado em diferentes países para a avaliação do modelo de negócio e contrato desenvolvido pela Prefeitura. Além disso foram analisados os fluxos de caixa através dos principais indicadores financeiros. Os resultados mostram que do ponto de vista financeiro o projeto é rentável e lucrativo. O novo modelo permite também uma melhoria na eficiência do sistema de transporte público na cidade e o aumento da satisfação do usuário. A principal contribuição do trabalho é o estudo qualitativo brindando uma comparação entre as diferentes experiências internacionais neste âmbito para conhecer os aspectos favoráveis que se possam ajustar a realidade brasileira da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] Brazil is a pioneer in the implementation of BRT and has some corridors with priority for public transport services by bus. The BRT system in Rio de Janeiro began to be developed many years ago but was put on hold due to external factors until early 2021, when its development was resumed with a different perspective so as not to make the same mistakes as in the past. The new model intends to eliminate demand risk, as well as implement the separation between supply and operation of the equipment, allowing the inclusion of specialized actors. Therefore, this work intends to determine the feasibility of the new implemented model of the BRT system from a financial perspective. A general survey was carried out on the main government incentives, the characteristics of BRT and the knowledge accumulated in different countries for the evaluation of the business model and contract developed. In addition, cash flow analysis was done using the main financial indicators. The results indicate that from a financial perspective the project is profitable and profitable for the investment. The new model also allows for an improvement in the efficiency of the public transport system in the city and an increase in user satisfaction. The main contribution of the work is the qualitative study providing a comparison between the different international experiences in this field to know the favorable aspects that can adjust to the Brazilian reality of the city of Rio de Janeiro.