Business Tourism, a sub-sector of the tourism industry, is growing in international recognition having received wide attention from tourism professionals, governments and academics over the past few decades. This trend demonstrates the integral role that business tourism plays in the development of tourism as a whole. The benefits and impacts of meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions and events on a destination can create considerable opportunities for a city or country’s economy. With the caveat that the balance is maintained between the demand and supply sides of the industry, a destination can successfully use business tourism to achieve pre-defined development goals. Traditionally, the Northern hemisphere developed countries have held the greatest proportion of the business tourism market, both as contributors and recipients. More recently, developing countries are starting to claim their share of this lucrative market as meeting planners, organisers and business travellers look to new, exciting destinations for their meetings. South Africa falls into this category of emerging destinations, becoming a recognised competitor in the global business tourism industry. In terms of the primary components of the business tourism mix, the exhibition component has received the least attention in the South African market to date although there is a growing understanding of the benefits that can be derived from participation in this sector. The aim in this report is to examine the role of exhibition sector, assessing the industry’s contribution to the overall significance of the business tourism sector in South Africa.

Thesis (M. Bus.)--University of Technology, Sydney, 1999. / Pages 72-90 not present at time of filming.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in small independently operated businesses with researchers expressing an interest in the manner in which the independent owner-operator is motivated to enter the market and their subsequent approach to business. Research into these small firms has shown that the owner/operators may create their businesses for a variety of reasons. However an emerging perspective is that not all individuals will actively pursue traditional objectives such as growth and profit maximisation, rather they are increasingly choosing their occupation to suit their ‘style of life’. Lifestyle motivations have thus been recognised in the literature as important stimuli to small business formation. Various research has been undertaken into the lifestyle construct and the impact on the motivations and behaviours of the individual towards the creation and development of smallscale enterprises. This study aims to build on recent work in this area to provide an enhanced understanding of lifestyle theory. This study adopts an interpretivist approach to understand the fundamental meanings attached to lifestyle entrepreneurship in the context of the small business. Bed and Breakfast (B&B) accommodation operations are used as a frame through which to understand the motivations of the individual towards venture creation. This study develops the ideal typifications of Business Orientated Lifestylers, Lifestyle Focused Business Performers and Self Expressive Homemakers to help explain the complex and dynamic range of lifestyle motivations and objectives present, and proposes the model of a continuum to portray these lifestyle business owners as being between low intensity and high intensity lifestyle goals and objectives. It is suggested that the typologies and subsequent lifestyle continuum presented in this study can be used by researchers, policy makers and practitioners to better understand the lifestyle entrepreneur and the environment within which they operate, and further, to support these lifestyle entrepreneurs in the operation of their business.

Business travel is the most important part of tourism in the world. International business travel market is growing quickly now, especially in China. Since China first opened its door to international tourism in 1978, incoming visits have risen sharply. In 2002, China became the member of WTO. Then, rapid economic growth continues to fuel the business market. The World Tourism Organization forecasts that China will become the leading tourist destination in the world by 2020. This thesis firstly make a research of the expending course of business travel in the world from a globalization perspective. Second, I focus on the development of China¡¦s business travel market and industry. Finally, I analyze the case of American Express in China¡¦s business travel market. Wish this could be a referable resource for the investors in China¡¦s business travel market.

El turismo se ha convertido en una de las actividades económicas más importantes de nuestro país. La tendencia a realizar reuniones de negocios y congresos internacionales viene creciendo cada año, siendo Lima la ciudad anfitriona por excelencia. Por esta razón es necesario seguir invirtiendo e innovando en este sector. El perfil del turista ha cambiado debido a los cambios económicos, sociales y demográficos, a las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas, etc. Por lo tanto, sus gustos y preferencias, así como los servicios que demanda son cada vez más exigentes. Debido al avance tecnológico, el reto de la industria hotelera es incorporar tecnología digital para hacer frente a las nuevas exigencias del mercado. De allí que las redes sociales pueden ayudar a crear una marca fuerte, impulsar las ventas, y crear y mantener mejores relaciones con los clientes. Garden Hotel es un hotel para turistas de negocios, de categoría 4 estrellas, ubicado en Lima, distrito de San Isidro. Con el paso de los años ha ido perdiendo competitividad frente a otros hoteles de la zona. Por lo tanto, es necesario comprender cómo están cambiando los clientes, entender sus demandas y aplicar nuevas estrategias para afrontar los retos del mercado. Las proyecciones financieras de la empresa, basadas en la aplicación de nuevas estrategias, muestran un buen retorno sobre la inversión. / Tourism has become one of the most important economic activities in Perú. Business meetings and international congress issues tend to be growing every year, and Lima is the host city by excellence. For this reason, it is necessary to continue investing and innovating in this sector. Due to economic, social, demographic and technology tools, the traveler profile has changed. Therefore, their tastes, preferences and service needs are increasingly demanding. Technology progress challenges the hotel industry to incorporate digital technology to meet new demands in the hotel market. Social media can help to create strong branding, boost sales and hold better customer relationships. Garden Hotel is a four-star category business hotel, located of Lima in San Isidro district. Over the years, it has lost competitiveness against other hotels in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend how customers are changing, understand their demands and apply new business strategies to confront the new market challenges. The financial projections of the company, based on the application of new strategies, shows us a good investment return. / Trabajo de investigación

Bakgrund Möten har funnits i alla tider och är inget nytt fenomen. Dock har det skett en utveckling för mötesindustrin och innebörden av ett möte kan sägas ha förändrats. Mötesindustrin fann vi intressant att studera då möten förekommer inom alla typer av branscher och på olika nivåer. Syfte och forskningsfråga Uppsatsen syftar till att klaragöra marknadsutvecklingen för mötesindustrin samt att belysa hur aktörerna förhåller sig till denna utveckling samt behandlar även en kommande utveckling. Den forskningsfråga som ligger till grund för uppsatsen är: -          På vilka sätt influerar marknadsutvecklingen aktörerna inom mötesindustrin?   Metod En kvalitativ forskningsansats har använts då vi ämnar analysera och tolka respondenternas svar. Vidare är uppsatsen skriven ur en abduktiv ansats. Sammantaget har 10 personer intervjuats för att skapa en helhetsbild över mötesindustrin. Dessa personer representerar tre olika roller då de antingen kommer ifrån branschorganisationen Svenska Möten, anläggningar eller är företagskunder.   Slutsats De slutsatser vi dragit är att aktörerna är väl införstådda med att det har skett en utveckling för mötesindustrin dock upplever vi att deras förhållningssätt skiljer sig något. Den marknadsutveckling som tydligast präglar branschen är samhällets önskan om tidseffektivisering. Vi ser att flera av de utvecklingsfaktorer kan härledas till tidaspekten, så som senare bokningar. / Background Meetings have always existed in the society and are therefore not a new phenomenon. However, the business meeting industry has faced some changes and we find it out of interest to study this more thoroughly. Purpose This paper examines developments within the business meeting industry and how the actors involved respond to these changes. The paper also considers future developments. Specifically, we examine the question: -           In what way do market developments influence the actors within the business meeting industry? Methodology A qualitative research method has been applied when writing this thesis. An abductive approach has furthermore been used. We have conducted 10 interviews with participants representing either a Swedish company named Svenska Möten, hotels with conferences facilities and business customers. Conclusion We have come to the conclusion that the actors are well aware of the market developments within the meeting industry. However our comprehension is that the actors do not respond in the same manner to this market changes. As we can see it time is a key word considering that several of the development factors can be related to time efficiency. Yet is time efficiency per se not only related to the meeting industry but to the society in general.

Thesis (MMS Tourism and Hospitality Management)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed May 1, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-151)

Lietuvoje skiriamas per mažas dėmesys atvykstamąjam dalykiniui turizmui (verslo turistui). Atvykstamasis turizmas labiau orientuotas į pažintinį turizmą, o dalykinis turizmas labiau suvokiamas kaip konferencijų ir verslo susitikimų kelionės. Atvykstamojo dalykinio turizmo paslaugų plėtros galimybės suprantamos kaip konferencijų bei skatinamųjų kelionių, renginių pasiūlymų parengimas kaip galutinis produktas. Darbo tikslas - nustatyti atvykstamojo dalykinio turizmo plėtros galimybes ir parengti atvykstamojo dalykinio turizmo paslaugų plėtros galimybių kaip galutinio turizmo produkto siūlymus. Tyrimo objektas: Lietuvos turizmo įmonės, teikiančios atvykstamojo turizmo paslaugas ir Vokietijos įvairių sričių įmonės. Tyrimo metodai: Tyrimas vykdomas remiantis sistemine literatūrine analize, antrinių empirinių duomenų analize, pirminių duomenų rezultatų rinkimu ir aprašymu, ankstesnių tyrimų išvadomis, pateikiant apibendrinimus. Praktinių tyrimų atliktos analizės dėka buvo parengtas atvykstamojo dalykinio turizmo paslaugų produktas - paketas, kuris suprantamas kaip atvykstamojo dalykinio turizmo paslaugų plėtros galimybė. Atlikus praktinę analizę, pastebėta, kad Vokietijos įmonės į dalykines keliones įtraukia aktyvias sporto turizmo – komandos formavimo papildomas pramogas, o kelionės truka 2 - 3 dienas. Darbuotojų motyvacija – instrumentas išplėsti dalykinio turizmo paslaugas. Tam kad motyvuoti darbuotojus, rengiamos išvykos, kelionės, renginiai kartu derinant konsultacinių įmonių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In Lithuania, too little attention is paid to incoming business tourism. Incoming tourism is more oriented towards cognitive tourism, and business tourism is perceived as conference and business meeting travel. The expansion possibilities of incoming business tourism services are understood as the preparation of the offer of conference, incentive travel, and corporate event services as the end-product. The aim of the work: To identify the expansion possibilities of incoming business tourism and prepare suggestions of the expansion possibilities of incoming business tourism as the end-product. The object of research: Lithuanian tourism companies offering incoming tourism services, German companies working in various spheres. The methods of research: the research has been carried out as a systematic analysis of literature and secondary empiric data, collection and description of primary data results, and reference to the conclusions of previous research while supplying generalisations. Through the analysis of practical investigations, the product of incoming business tourism services has been prepared – a package which is understood as a possibility for the expansion of incoming business tourism services. After completing the practical part, it has been noticed that German companies combine business travel with additional active sport tourism – team building services, and the prevailing length of business trips is 2-3 days. Employee motivation is a tool for business tourism... [to full text]

O turismo é uma atividade em ampla expansão nas suas mais variadas formas, seja por motivos de lazer ou de negócios apresenta estatísticas de crescimento por vezes maiores que o percentual de crescimento da economia. O foco desse estudo são as viagens por motivos de negócios, as quais têm grande importância para o desenvolvimento da atividade turística e hoteleira mesmo em localidades com atrativos turísticos naturais e culturais, como é caso da cidade de São Luís-MA. Dessa forma, o objetivo é estudar as estratégias de segmentação utilizadas pelos hotéis para o desenvolvimento do Marketing Business to Business. Para tanto, realiza-se um estudo de casos múltiplos em dois grandes hotéis da cidade pertencentes a redes hoteleiras Pestana São Luís Resort Hotel e Quality Grand São Luís Hotel por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Primeiramente, faz-se um levantamento de publicações e trabalhos relativos ao tema, no qual se observa a escassez de estudos voltados à temática escolhida, bem como é realizado um levantamento de dados estatísticos de órgãos e entidades oficiais do setor. A coleta dos dados primários ocorre por meio de entrevistas com os gerentes de vendas dos respectivos hotéis e com as empresas locais clientes desses hotéis. A análise dos casos baseia-se em quatro pontos principais: a estrutura de marketing dos hotéis, as formas de segmentação utilizadas, as ações voltadas ao público de negócios, e a política de compra de hospedagem das empresas pesquisadas. Observa-se que os hotéis não possuem um setor com a denominação de gerência de marketing e sim gerência de vendas a qual atende às atividades de marketing, possuindo certa autonomia em relação à rede para efetuar suas ações, contudo existe uma gerência de marketing da rede que dá suporte aos hotéis. Sobre a segmentação, nota-se que os casos fazem uso dela utilizando como principais variáveis o volume de vendas atual, potencial de vendas futuro e o canal de vendas. Em relação às ações específicas voltadas ao público de negócios, observa-se que esse mercado é de grande importância para os dois casos possuindo alta representatividade no faturamento dos hotéis, contudo não existem ações pontuais específicas para esse público, segue-se a mesma lógica da segmentação do mercado turístico como um todo, a diferenciação é feita pelo volume de compras. Finalmente, sobre o processo de compra dos clientes empresariais pesquisados nota-se que as compras são feitas diretamente entre empresa e hotel, sem intermediários. Os fatores principais considerados nessa compra são os serviços oferecidos e a localização, além disso, observa-se a importância do usuário, pois este possui certa autonomia na escolha do meio de hospedagem, embora não seja considerado no processo de segmentação. Conclui-se, ressaltando que as estratégias de segmentação para o público BtoB ainda são incipientes, pois considera um número muito reduzido de variáveis o que termina dificultando, entre outras coisas, uma política de relacionamento mais robusta. / Tourism is an activity in high expansion in its more varied forms, either for leisure reason or business-oriented it presents statistics of growth sometimes bigger than the percentage of growth in economy. The focus of this study is the business-oriented trips, which has great importance for the development of tourism and hotel management activity even in localities with natural and cultural attractions like São Luis-MA. This way, the objective is to study the strategies of segmentation used by the hotels for the development of Marketing Business to Business. Therefore, it is fulfilled a study of multiple cases in two large hotels of the city pertaining of hotels nets: Pestana São Luis Resort Hotel and Quality Grand São Luis Hotel through a qualitative research of exploratory character. First an inquiry of what has been published about the subject, where it is observed scarcity of studies directed to the thematic, as well as a statistical data-collecting from agencies and official entities of the sector. The collection of the primary data occurs trough interviews with the sales managers of the respective hotels, and with the local companies which are customers of these hotels. The analysis of the cases is based on four main points: the structure of marketing in the hotels, the used forms of segmentation, business-oriented actions directed to the public, and the policies of purchase of lodging of the searched companies. It observes that the hotels do not have a sector denominated as marketing management but sales management which takes care of the marketing possess and it has a certain autonomy to fulfill its actions of marketing related to the net, however there is a management of marketing in the net that gives support to the hotels. About segmentation it is noticed that the cases make use of it using as main variable the current volume of sales, potential of future and the structure of sales. In relation to business-oriented specific actions to the public it is observed that this market is of great importance for the two cases possessing high representation in the invoicing of the hotels, however there are not specific prompt actions for this public, follows the same logic of the segmentation of the tourist market as a whole, the differentiation is made by the volume of purchases. Finally on process of purchase of the searched enterprise customers it is noticed that the purchases are made directly between company and hotel, without intermediate, the considered main factors in this process are the offered services and the location, moreover, observes the importance of the user, therefore this possess certain autonomy in the choice of the hotel, although he is not considered in the segmentation process. It is concluded, standing out that the strategies of segmentation for the BtoB public still are incipient, therefore considers a very reduced number of variables what it finishes making difficult, among others things, a relationship politicy more robust.