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Since 1994, tourism has become one of the most benefited industries among the overall of the South African economy. However, the industry is still far from being an example of transformations. The tourism industry in South Africa is still dominated by white-owned large enterprises, leaving limited space for the development of black-owned small tourism businesses. The existing literature identifies that government support represents a key variable regarding small tourism business development, specifically among black entrepreneurs. This study evaluated the role of provincial government support in the development of black-owned small tourism businesses in the South Africa, with a focus on Cape Town.

by So Ying-lun. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-91). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Focus of the Study / Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of the Study / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Illegal or Unethical? --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Public Sector vs. Private Sector Corruption --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- What are 'Private' Gains? --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Defining Corruption for This Study --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Extent of the Problem of Corruption in the PRC --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Official Figures on Corruption --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Perceptions of the Seriousness of Corruption in the PRC --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Open Admission of Direct Experience of Corruption in China --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Extent of the Problem in Terms of the Amount of Briber Taken --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Causes of the Problem in China --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characteristics of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Generalizations about the Details of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Factors Affecting Frequency of Corruption Encountered --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Different Considerations Relating to How Graft is Handled --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Ethical Issues --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Legal Considerations --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Political Considerations --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Pressures of the Marketplace --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Research Questions --- p.43 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Approach --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Collection --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Interview --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter IV. --- RESULTS --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Informants' Perception of the Extent of the Problem --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- How Serious is the Problem? --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Seriousness in terms of Effects on PRC Business --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Respondents' Perception of the Causes of the Problem --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption in China --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Who and How are Bribes Initiated? --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- What Favours are Provided y Bribes? --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Corruption Becoming More Organized --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Country of Origin of Foreign Company --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Location in China --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Experience in Dealing with Foreign Companies --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Size of the Deal --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Degree of Government Regulations --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Size and Reputation of the Chinese Partner --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Other Factors Influencing the Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Importance Placed on Each Aspect --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Ethical Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Legal Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Political Aspects --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Profitability Considerations --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Standing Firm --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Besides Saying “No´ح --- p.67 / Chapter 4.7 --- Expectations About the Future of Corruption in the PRC --- p.68 / Chapter V. --- DISCUSSIONS --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Extent of Problem --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Causes of the Problem --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption Encountered --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.76 / Chapter 5.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.77 / Chapter 5.7 --- Causes and Future Development of the Problem --- p.77 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.80 / Chapter 6.1 --- Where Do We Go from Here --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.80 / APPENDIX --- p.92 / REFERENCES --- p.91

毛瑋豫. / "2009年8月". / "2009 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-171). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Mao Weiyu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一節 --- 高校畢業生的就業狀況 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二節 --- "國外關於""創業´ح的相關硏究" --- p.12 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中國的創業政策 --- p.34 / Chapter 第四節 --- 中國關於大學生創業的硏究 --- p.42 / Chapter 第五節 --- 大學生創業與社會福利 --- p.50 / Chapter 第三章 --- 理論框架 --- p.53 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究問題的切入點 --- p.53 / Chapter 第二節 --- 理論框架的建構 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節 --- 具體硏究問題的形成 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究設計和方法 --- p.63 / Chapter 第一節 --- 哲學取向 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究設計 --- p.67 / Chapter 第三節 --- 定性硏究方法：個別深度訪談 --- p.69 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究倫理 --- p.83 / Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究發現 --- p.84 / Chapter 第一節 --- 創業的理解 --- p.84 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政府政策及其它影響因素對大學生創業經歷產生的影響 一 從“動機´ح、“機會´ح、“技能´ح三方面探討 --- p.100 / Chapter 第三節 --- 來自受訪者們的建議 --- p.132 / Chapter 第四節 --- 本章總結 --- p.136 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.141 / 附錄一 --- p.155 / 附錄二 --- p.156 / 附錄三 --- p.158 / 參考文獻 --- p.159

Abstract not available

Organizational learning and innovation capabilities are widely regarded as important sources of competitive advantage as they enhance a firm’s capacity to create, maintain, expand and renew its bases of strategic resources, and, as a result, increase its chances of success in the marketplace. Despite this recognition, the rational choice assumption implicit in Dunning’s (1980) ownership, location and internalization (OLI) advantages model of foreign direct investment (FDI) has led researchers to assume away firm-level differences in knowledge management capability (KMC) such as market orientation that influence how small and medium enterprise (SME) acquires knowledge and use the insights gained to assess and respond to both host market opportunities and uncertainties. This study addresses this theoretical gap in FDI research by exploring three related issues. 1/. How does a SME’s market orientation influence its competitiveness in a foreign market? 2/. What is the effect of a SME’s knowledge related competitive advantages on the level of FDI it chooses to have in its operations in its most important foreign market? 3/. How does a SMIE’s investment readiness [a proxy for financial capital adequacy] moderate the link between a SME’s perceived competitiveness and its level of FDI in a foreign market? Overall the study shows that adopting an organizational capability perspective that focuses on an individual SME’s capabilities and incorporating strategic considerations in FDI analysis complements the industry-based OLI model that appears better suited for explaining broad patterns of FDI flows at the industry level. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / 1 electronic text (111 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Dr. Ben Oviatt, committee chair; Brett Anitra Gilbert, Detmar W. Straub, William C. Bogner, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 28, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-111).

Many scholars suggest that Minority Business Enterprises help disadvantaged populations and achieve greater equity in society. Rooted in the affirmative action policies of the 1960s and 1970s, Minority Business Enterprise designations have become a standard way for the federal government to assist minority entrepreneurs as well as protect against discrimination in contracting. Some scholars even suggest that these policies go beyond protection from discrimination and actually foster economic development in minority communities. This thesis examines those claims and utilizes an example from 12 years of the Georgia Department of Transportation's records on contracting with MBEs to answer the question: who is helped by these federal policies? This examination sheds light on the current literature linking MBEs with economic development as well as adds to the sparse literature on outcomes for MBE policy. The results of data analysis show that , over a 12-year period, White female business enterprises receive the twice as many contracting dollars as all other Minority Business Enterprises combined.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Köln, 2006. / Literaturverz. S.I - XXIV.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX220984.