Under the severe competition environment, it is very important for enterprise to create various goals and install process oriented information system to support it to reach business visions on business growth and expansion. For keeping the enterprise competitive advantage the business goals needed to be modified continuously under the change of competition environment. But the business information systems could still support the modified business goals? Information system could become less efficiency than before after business goals changed. The purpose of this study is to develop a business goals oriented information system evaluation approach to understand the degree of information system supporting the business goals. The approach first abstracts business goal and process oriented information system by business management methods and utilizes use case as the evaluation tool. Quantitative index and diagram as the result of evaluation explains the relationship between business goals and information systems. The results of evaluation could provide advantages on the information technology decision making for business leaders.

Measurement processes are vital for any organization as they are used to asses, analyze, monitor and control the processes, products and resources. The measurement programs are used in different ways in different organizations. Most of the measurement programs fail to provide the expected results; therefore it‘s needed to consider the success factors and reasons of failures for the measurement programs. The GQM is the most widely used model for measurement programs having various extensions to overcome its shortcomings in different scenarios. The Goals, Questions and metrics are defined and used in different ways at different levels in the organizations. There is a need of improving the measurement programs and one of the solutions is to provide a framework that can define the goals, questions and measures in a structured way. The prioritization, traceability and re-usability of goals and questions provide the effectiveness in the measurement program. The optimization of the measures and building a measurement repository makes the measurement collection process precise. In this thesis, the results of a systematic review on the current literature on software measurement programs are presented. An assessment of the current state of art on measurement programs, their usability and success factors is done. The study of measurement models, frameworks, tools and standards is done later on to know the different ways of goals, questions definition and measurement collection methods. The systematic review of the research work is done over the period 1997 – 2009. In order to understand and explore the difficulties in application of measurement programs in the industrial settings, interviews are conducted within a CMMI Level 3 company. On the basis of the systematic review analysis results and industrial interviews, a framework for a more effective measurement process is defined and within the framework, a model called ‗Structured Prioritized Goal Question Metrics (SPGQM)‘ is developed. This framework extends the well-known Goal Question Metric paradigm and basically comprises of two models; the Optimum Measures Set Decision (OMSD) model developed within a Master of Science thesis study at the Blekinge Institute of Technology and the SPGQM. This framework defines the process in order to define structured goals and questions with the help of templates and to prioritize them with the help of OMSD model. This framework has been validated in a CMMI Level 3 company. The validation was done by means of conducting a case study.

A business process is a defined collection of linked structured tasks, activities, and decisions performed together to produce a desired set of results in order to achieve business goals on behalf of the organization. Companies are increasingly moving their business processes online using Business Process Management (BPM) tools and technologies. With BPM, online business processes are defined by an explicit business process model that flexibly combines and orchestrates forms delivered through a web browser to integrate tasks performed by people, and web services accessible through Internet protocols to integrate tasks performed by software. Often the approach to quality assurance for online business processes is similar to what would be done with any other web application. This is insufficient since it only provides rudimentary verification of single user behavior whereas the orchestration of tasks across many users and software systems can be quite complex. As well, a simple web application testing approach does not leverage the defined model for a business process to ensure consistency, completeness and enable automation. Nor will such an approach validate that a business process is contributing towards the achievement of business goals. A more systematic approach is required. This thesis proposes a quality assurance framework to provide a repeatable, systematic, cost-efficient approach to quality assurance for BPM. A prototype framework was implemented and evaluated using two case studies, including one case study that was developed in collaboration with a local hospital to support a business process for cancer care assessment.

The thesis specialize on the logistic activities, regarding using of the controlling in the sphere of logistics. The goal is to analyze what role should subserve the controlling of the company theoretically and compare this teoretical view in the company Intersnack Inc., the logistics department and according to the following facts suggest possible improvements in the department.

This research is aimed at studying the business strategies of young small businesses in Finland and Ireland. Needless to say those young small businesses are critical to many economies despite their size. Studying their operational strategies and finding ways to re orient them to attain and sustain their business goals despite being faced with economic challenges, is therefore of scholastic interest To carry out this study, a qualitative method was used. The primary data used was interview of the manager of four young small firms; two from Finland and two from Ireland. To achieve geographical spread and diversity of information 4 firms were selected: 2 each from Finland and Ireland. And to avoid management bias in information delivery; we interviewed selected employees to help cross check information gathered from the latter. Some randomly selected employees of these firms were also interviewed. Secondary data such as literature collected from books, journals and previous researches were also used. Findings on strategies that the businesses applied during their operation were qualitatively analyzed and recommendations made to help re-orient such businesses. The analysis of the collected data revealed that products and service offerings, strategic marketing and communication, operational costs effectiveness, business educational background as well as commitment of the entrepreneur coupled with the corporate social responsibility affects the goals and for that matter the success of young small businesses. In Recommendation, it is therefore that if young small businesses would not consider their size and scale of operation but objectively adhere to strategy formation principles, they would experience swift strategy implementation guidelines and be in a better position to monitor and control their progress to be able to effect appropriate changes on time in order to sustain their business goals in the long run notwithstanding the economic challenges they face.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Los objetivos de negocio guían el conjunto de actividades que realizan las organizaciones y, en muchos casos, cómo se realizan. Específicamente, para describir cómo se llevan a cabo estas actividades (en qué orden, en qué condiciones, etc.) las organizaciones suelen utilizar procesos de negocios. Además, cuando estas actividades se realizan de forma descentralizada, como, por ejemplo, distribuidas entre diferentes organizaciones o unidades de negocio, las arquitecturas de microservicios se convierten en una solución conveniente para implementar dichos procesos. Esto se debe a que las arquitecturas de microservicios permiten descomponer un sistema en pequeños bloques independientes que se centran en capacidades empresariales únicas. Sin embargo, identificar los microservicios que van a participar en el sistema y también componerlos para satisfacer los objetivos de la organización, no es una tarea trivial. Además, aunque los objetivos de negocio dirigen las actividades que llevan a cabo las organizaciones, normalmente no se consideran de forma explicita al diseñar procesos de negocio. Como resultado, existe una falta de alineación explicita entre los objetivos y los procesos de negocio y, de una forma indirecta, también entre las composiciones de microservicios que implementarán el proceso de negocio y los objetivos. En este contexto, en esta tesis presentamos una aproximación basada en un Desarrollo Dirigido por Modelos que nos ayuda a identificar a los microservicios que participarán en un sistema a partir de los objetivos de negocio de una organización. Además, también nos permite relacionar objetivos con procesos de negocio y generar una composición de microservicios alineada con los objetivos. Asimismo, en este trabajo también queremos apoyar la evolución de las composiciones creadas con nuestra aproximación. Actualmente, no es realista pensar que una composición, una vez diseñada, no necesitará evolucionar para adaptarse frente a cambios. Por esta razón, en esta tesis también presentamos una aproximación para apoyar la evolución de una composición de microservicios. Para lograr esto, primero definimos un catálogo de reglas de adaptación para conocer las adaptaciones necesarias para introducir un cambio en la composición; segundo implementamos un bucle de control MAPE-K para automatizar la selección de reglas; y, en tercer lugar, diseñamos un protocolo de evolución para asegurar que la regla de adaptación seleccionada se ha aplicado en la composición. / [CA] Els objectius de negoci guien el conjunt d'activitats que fan les organitzacions i, en molt casos, com es fan. Específicament, per descriure com es duen a terme aquestes activitats (en quin ordre, en quines condicions, etc.), les organitzacions solen utilitzar processos de negocis. A més, quan aquestes activitats es realitzen de forma descentralitzada, per exemple, distribuïdes entre diferents organitzacions o unitats de negoci, les arquitectures de microserveis es converteixen en una solució convenient per implementar aquests processos. Això és degut a que les arquitectures de microserveis permetin descompondre un sistema en petits blocs independents que se centren en capacitats empresarials úniques. Tot i això, identificar els microserveis que participaran en el sistema i també compondre'ls per satisfer els objectius de l'organització, no es una tasca trivial. A més, encara que els objectius de negoci dirigeixen les activitats que duen a terme les organitzacions, normalment no es consideren de manera explícita en el disseny de processos de negoci. Com a resultat, hi ha una manca d'alineació explícita entre el objectius i els processos de negoci i, d'una manera indirecta, també entre les composicions de microserveis que implementaran el procés de negoci i els objectius. En aquest context, en aquesta tesi presentem una aproximació basada en un Desenvolupament Dirigit per Models que ens ajuda a identificar els microserveis que participaran en un sistema a partir dels objectius de negoci d'una organització. A més, també ens permet relacionar objectius amb processos de negoci i generar una composició de microserveis alineada amb els objectius. Així mateix, també volem donar suport a l'evolució de les composicions creades amb la nostra aproximació. Actualment, no és realista pensar que una composició, una vegada dissenyada, no necessitarà evolucionar per adaptar-se davant de canvis. Per això, en aquesta tesi també presentem una aproximació per donar suport a l'evolució d'una composició de microserveis. Per aconseguir-ho, primer definim un catàleg de regles d'adaptació per conèixer les adaptacions necessàries per introduir un canvi a la composició; segon implementem un bucle de control MAPE-K per automatitzar la selecció de regles; i, en tercer lloc, dissenyem un protocol d'evolució per assegurar que la regla d'adaptació seleccionada s'hagi aplicat a la composició. / [EN] Business goals guide the set of activities that organizations do and, in many cases, how these are performed. Specifically, to describe how these activities are carried out (i.e., in which order, under which conditions, etc.,) organizations usually make use of business processes. In addition, when these activities are performed in a decentralized way, i.e., distributed among different organizations or business units, microservices architecture becomes a convenient solution to implement such processes. This is because microservices architecture allows decomposing the system into small independent blocks that focus on single business capabilities. This allows each organization or business unit to focus on a specific business capability independently from the others. However, when a business process must be implemented through microservices, these must be coordinated in a microservice composition. Identifying the microservices that will participate in the system and coordinating them into a microservice composition to satisfy the organization's goals is not a trivial task. Besides, even though business goals direct the activities that organizations undertake, these are commonly not explicitly considered when designing business processes, i.e., these are not considered as first-class elements in the design. As a result, there is a lack of explicit alignment between goals and business processes, and also, indirectly between the underlying microservices composition that implements these business processes and the goals. Within this context, in this thesis work, we present a Model-Driven Development approach that helps us to first identify the microservices that will participate in a system based on the business goals of an organization, and then allow us to relate goals to business processes and generate microservices compositions that implement these processes. Furthermore, in this thesis, we also want to support the evolution of the composition created with our approach. Currently, it is not realistic to think that a composition, once designed, will not need to evolve to adapt it to changes. For this reason, we present an approach to support the evolution of a microservices composition. To achieve this, we first define a catalogue of adaptation rules to face changes in a microservices composition; second, we implement a MAPE-K control loop to automate the selection of the rules that apply to the identified change; and third, we design an evolution protocol to ensure that the selected adaptation rule has been applied in the composition. / This work is part of the PID2020-114480RB-I00 R&D&I project funded by MCIN/AEI. It is also supported by the Research and Development Aid Program (PAID-01-21) of the UPV and funded with the Aid to First Research Projects (PAID-06-22), Research Vice-Rectorate of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). / Ortiz Amaya, J. (2024). An MDD approach for microservices composition. Facing identification and evolution issues to support business process execution [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/213396 / Compendio