Open source licensing has a significant impact on the choice of business model for companies in the software industry. Permissive open source licenses provide greater flexibility in commercial use and distribution, while restrictive licenses limit revenue generation potential. Understanding the nuances of different open source licenses and complying with licensing requirements is crucial for companies seeking to navigate the complex world of open source licensing and maximize the benefits of open source software.Companies that can successfully navigate the complex world of open source licensing and business model choice can achieve competitive advantage and long-term success in the software industry.  The objective of this thesis is to examine the impact of open source licenses on businesses and delve into how they can shape the choice of utilizing open source software, as well as their implications for business operations. We conduct a literature study and complement it with an empirical study to provide a more complete understanding of the subject. The empirical study enables us to fill in the gaps in our research and compare and validate our findings. Our findings demonstrates the significant impact that licenses can have on a business, highlighting the importance of understanding them for those utilizing open source software. While our results show that the use of open source software does not necessarily limit monetization, there can be restrictions on how products can be monetized. We discovered that the multi-licensing model, which combines an open source license with a proprietary license, can be a viable option for navigating these restrictions.

Customer loyalty is considered to be critically important to growth, profitability and sustainability. It has received much attention by practitioner and managers. However, some important variables about the different types of loyalty have remained unclear. While businesses look towards adopting various strategies to help them grow and succeed in the marketplace, a number of key business orientations have emerged. Each of these orientations has claimed to increase both profitability and customer loyalty for an organization. This research has examined both of these factors, as well as their inter-relationships. The research was conducted in a two part study, based on a sequential triangulation approach. The first study focused on finding out the differences between two of the highest types of loyalties, attitudinal and emotional. The study, based on 40 interviews with customers from three different companies, across two cultural settings (Asian and European), has led to the emergence of key differentiating factors. The second study focused on the relationships between business orientations and customer loyalty. This study was based on six case studies of best practice firms. The study found a positive link between business orientations and loyalty. Moreover, a set of critical success factors were identified that would enable companies to implement effective loyalty management systems. Based on both of these two studies, a loyalty management model has been presented. The model helps to improve our understanding of loyalty, and would be of use to managers who would want to develop and manage customer loyalty in an organisation. / University of East London

<p> This study investigates the effects of transit strikes on the central business districts (C.B.D. 's) of large cities. It focuses directly on the Hamilton Street Railway (H.S.R.) strike which occurred during the summer of 1982, and attempts to outline exactly what age-groups were affected the most and whether or not the merchants of the downtown were significantly affected monetarily. Information was acquired from merchants through the circulation of a questionnaire which was distributed in September and October of 1983. A regression equation was formulated which took into account some possible causes for diminishing revenues other than the transit strike. The findings of this analysis were that the transit strike had a significant effect on the revenues of downtown businesses, as well as on the age-groups that were present in the downtown at the time of the strike. The regression analysis found that the other factors which were considered did not account for a very significant proportion of decreased revenues when compared to transit strikes.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

Prior research shows that family firms are generally less likely to diversify, but it remains unclear which mode of diversification in terms of internal versus external diversification family firms are more likely to choose once they decide to diversify. Similarly, it is unclear which type of diversification in terms of product versus international diversification family firms are more likely to focus on in comparison to nonfamily firms. Based on insights drawn from the goals, governance, and resources framework, this dissertation investigates the modes/types of diversification in family and nonfamily firms, as well as among various types of family firms. Specifically, I propose that family firms will prefer internal to external diversification to a larger extent than nonfamily firms. I further propose the strength of preference for internal to external diversification is likely to vary among different types of family firms manifested in the level of family ownership, family participation in the top management team and board, and generation of family members owning and controlling the family firm. Likewise, I theorize that family firms would prefer product to international diversification to a larger extent than nonfamily firms and that the strength of preference for product diversification is likely to vary among different types of family firms. A sample of 573 firms drawn from the S&P 1500 index was used toexamine the difference between family and nonfamily firms, and 136 family firms to test the heterogeneity hypotheses. No significant differences were found between family and nonfamily firms in their relative choice on internal over external diversification (Essay 1) and product over international diversification(Essay 2). Consistent with my prediction, I found family representation in the top management team has a significantly positive effect on a firm's tendency to engage in product rather than international diversification. However, in both Essay1 and Essay 2,I did not find significant effects of the other heterogeneous variables on a family firm's tendency to engage in one mode/type of diversification over the other. A rationale for these non-significant relationships is provided. Contributions and implications of this study are also discussed.

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The number of home based businesses (HBB) utilizing home economic skills and entrepreneurial skills has increased in the 1980's. This has brought about an awareness of the numerous problems being faced by the owners of these businesses. This study was designed to investigate the problem of pricing sewing services in HBB's. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between self esteem, self perceived clothing construction skill level, and the prices charged for the sewing services. Data were collected using Rosenberg's self esteem 10 item questionnaire and three garment case studies in which the participants quoted prices and times for constructing each garment. A 51 item skills list, in which each participant rated her own clothing construction skills, was also completed. Demographic data was also collected. The instruments were field tested with seven seamstresses in the Blacksburg area. The pricing results from the case study field tests were used as standards for comparison in the study. The sample was made up of 46 seamstresses whose names were obtained from Virginia Cooperative Extension home economists. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlations, and Multiple Linear Regressions. Self esteem was found to be significantly correlated to self perceived clothing construction skill level. Broad price ranges were quoted for each garment. Urban price quotes were slightly higher than rural prices. / Master of Science

Lee Wai-yi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [235-238]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Literature Review / Methodology / Fieldsite Specification / Chapter 2 --- The Working Career/Moral Career of Ten Street Sex Workers --- p.40 / How Much Sadness/Humiliation have You Prepared for? / Careers / Implications / Chapter 3 --- Street Attraction: A General Portrait of the Work --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- """Their Pleasure is Your Business"" On Work, Body, Sexuality and Clients" --- p.82 / Clients / Clients: in the Eyes of the Sex Workers / Their Pleasure is Your Business? / Chapter 5 --- """Their Pleasure is Your Felicity"" On Louh-Gung and Boyfriends" --- p.106 / Some Important Themes / Their Pleasure is Your Felicity? / Chapter 6 --- Street Order: Legal and Illegal Forces --- p.129 / Legal Force / Illegal Force / Co-management of Street Business by Legal and Illegal Forces / Their Pleasure is Your Safety? / Chapter 7 --- The Indecent Need: Taking Drugs --- p.161 / Non-users' Description / Users' Description / Themes Underlying these Descriptions / Chapter 8 --- "Other Social Networks On Parents, Siblings, Children, Friends and Colleagues" --- p.177 / "Parents, Siblings and Children" / Friends and Colleagues / Implications / Chapter 9 --- Happiness: Who is Qualified? A Reflexive Discussion of Our Standardized Felicity --- p.201 / "On the Margin, In the Mainstream" / The Process of Marginalization in the / Street / Standardized Happiness / "Towards a Broader Meaning of ""Happiness""" / Bibliography --- p.235

嚴潔心. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (leaves 135-140). / 附中英文摘要. / Yan Jiexin. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi) -- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 135-140). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 感謝辭 / Abstract / 論文提要 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1-8 / Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究問題 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究方法 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- 硏究局限 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- 論文結構 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.9-28 / Chapter 2.1 --- 越軌工作作爲工作 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- 性工作被定義爲越軌行爲 --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 法律層面的定義過程 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 社會層面的定義過程 --- p.15 / Chapter -- --- 本港少數關於性工作的調查/硏究 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- 關於性工作之女性主義論述 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 自由主義女性主義：性工作作爲女性自主的選擇 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 基進女性主義：性工作作爲父權系統對女性的(性）剝削 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- 小結 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 街頭性工作的工作生態 --- p.29-54 / Chapter 3.1 --- 關於香港性工作 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- 關於街頭性工作 --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 社區環境 --- p.32 / Chapter -- --- 本地街頭性工作者的兩個社群 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 街頭性工作者的工作狀況 --- p.36 / Chapter -- --- 組織結構 --- p.36 / Chapter -- --- 與賓館的合作形式 --- p.37 / Chapter -- --- 工作地點/時間的穩定性 --- p.38 / Chapter -- --- 服務收費的穩定性 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- 職業性的規範和禁忌 --- p.42 / Chapter -- --- 工作地點、服務種類及收費 --- p.42 / Chapter -- --- 懲罰機制 --- p.43 / Chapter -- --- 安全性行爲 --- p.45 / Chapter -- --- 「開鐘」 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- 影響業務的因素 --- p.50 / Chapter -- --- 賽馬 --- p.51 / Chapter -- --- 節日 --- p.51 / Chapter -- --- 天氣 --- p.51 / Chapter -- --- 經濟市道 --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- 小結 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 街頭性工作中的社會關係與工作文化 --- p.55-98 / Chapter 4.1 --- 賓館主持人 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 經營及管理 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 提供保護及有關資訊 --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 社教化 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- 排解街頭性工作者之間的糾紛 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- 其它街頭性工作者 --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 合作 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 競爭 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 外來的街頭性工作者 --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- 抽離自己、劃分它者月 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- 難得的友誼 --- p.72 / Chapter -- --- 幗紅與結蘭 --- p.72 / Chapter -- --- 慧中和依韻 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3 --- 顧客 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 「抽離」的工作文化下之工作策略 --- p.77 / Chapter -- --- 保持與顧客的距離 --- p.78 / Chapter -- --- 性行爲中的防禦機制 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 反抗與還擊 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 傳授顧客有關技巧與知識 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- 職業安全 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- 高利貸 --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5 --- 警方 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- 被捕的危險：查牌與「放蛇」 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- 面對警員：給面子的遊戲 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- 掃黃行動：有行動無政策 --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6 --- 公眾 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.7 --- 小結 --- p.98 / Chapter 第五章 --- 街頭工作者的職業生涯 --- p.99-108 / Chapter 5.1 --- 進入街頭性工作 --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- 工作中的學習及適應過程 --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3 --- 對街頭性工作的評價 --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 能見度(visibility)與角色含混 --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 警方騷擾 --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 收入 --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- 省卻情感勞動 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- 工作上的自主性 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- 小結 --- p.108 / Chapter 第六章 --- 性別身份與職業角色 --- p.109-127 / Chapter 6.1 --- 劃分兩個世界 --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2 --- 區分兩種性行爲 --- p.116 / Chapter 6.3 --- 強調「一對一伴侶關係」 --- p.118 / Chapter 6.4 --- 以伴侶/子女作爲生活計劃的基礎 --- p.121 / Chapter 6.5 --- 小結 --- p.126 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.127-130 / 後記 --- p.131-134 / 參考書目 --- p.135-140 / 英文部份 --- p.135 / 中文部份 --- p.140

Owners of family businesses in the private sector must be cognizant of nepotism to reduce skilled employee turnover. Guided by Herzberg two-factor theory as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies used by family owned and operated business leaders to minimize nepotistic practices that reduce skilled nonfamily employees' voluntary turnover. The population for this study included 3 family owned and operated funeral establishments in the Midwest region of St. Louis, Missouri. These participants had sustained their family businesses longer than 5 years while minimizing skilled nonfamily employees' voluntary turnover. Data were collected from semistructured face-to-face interviews, the review of proprietary documents, and public information. Data analysis included a 5-step process: compiling the data, disassembling the data into common codes, reassembling the data into themes, interpreting their meaning, and then reporting the themes. Member checking and methodological triangulation increased the trustworthiness of interpretations. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: work environment, effective communication, education and training, promotion opportunities, and policies and procedures. The implications for social change include (a) reducing nepotistic employment practices in family owned and operated businesses; (b) increasing economic growth potential while simultaneously benefiting employees, families, and communities; and (c) decreasing the unemployment rate. Family owned and operated business leaders can use the results of this study to implement change and to motivate and retain their skilled nonfamily employees.

Family businesses are rapidly becoming the dominant form of business enterprise in both developing and developed economies. Family businesses are also being recognised as a potential driver of economic growth and wealth creation in the world. Family businesses in particular, have been making a positive contribution towards the South African economy for the last 300 years. Approximately 80% of businesses in South Africa could be classified as family businesses and they comprise 60% of the companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Family business wellness, which often forms the underlying causes for a lack of family harmony, is, however, a neglected area of research. The primary objective of this study is to explore selected determinants of family business wellness in small and medium-sized family-owned businesses in South Africa and to make recommendations to ensure effective management of these determinants in the family business. Topics such as the characteristics of the job, work stress and burnout, job engagement, family member commitment, the perceived success of the family business, among others, was investigated. In order to achieve the primary objective of this study, a survey was undertaken using a structured questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by calculating the Cronbach alpha coefficient, which indicated that the questionnaire used in this study conformed to the criteria of acceptable reliability and can be regarded as internally consistent. The survey yielded 45 usable questionnaires from 17 family businesses restricted to Gauteng and the North-West provinces in South Africa. Because this study was exploratory in nature, descriptive statistics was then used to analyse the statements that captured the information to measure the selected determinants of family wellness. The correlations between the variables were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and the relationships between the variables assessing family wellness were used for the discussion and conclusion points. Practical recommendations are suggested to improve family business wellness and, subsequently, increase the sustainability of such business. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.