This explorative study examines human resource-, executive- and site manager’s perception of nepotism in northern Sweden. Nepotism is a concept that describes the situation where a company values an applicant’s family ties in front of qualifications in the recruitment process. However, nepotism can as well be described from a broader perspective as the situation where a company values other social connections of significance that the applicant’s has at the company. What both of these situations have in common is that both applicants are hired due to their connections at the company, and not because of their skills. The objective of this study was to investigate attitudes, if the managers perceived the concept as positive or negative, an explanation for why companies use the concept and factors that might justify the usage of nepotism. In order to meet these objectives we conducted an exploratory study where 10 managers, situated in the two counties Västerbotten and Västernorrland, were interviewed about their opinions and thoughts on the subject. The research questions that are to be answered in this study are; how do managers in the northern part of Sweden perceive nepotism? And we will also seek to answer, what are the differences between the perceptions of nepotism between the managers at small companies and the managers at medium-sized companies? The findings and answers to the research questions of this research revealed that the overall attitudes among these managers were negative towards nepotism. However, what was discovered was also that they perceived nepotism as negative and protested against the usage of a nepotistic approach in the recruitment process at their company, but when the question was asked if they would help their own children in order for them to be favored in the recruitment process, the majority answered that they would help their children. This indicated that they contradicted their own opinions, which in this study resulted in that their attitudes felt rather diversified. In other words, the managers tended to have perceptions both from a personal perspective and organizational point of view. Moreover, the explanation to why the managers believed nepotism was used was mainly due to time limitations and simplicity. The findings also revealed that the managers expected that nepotism was used to a greater extent within family-owned businesses and in smaller cities. To answer if and what were the differences between the manager’s perception in small and medium companies, the findings of this study did not reveal any fundamental differences. In other words, there were no major differences to be found between managers at the two company sizes that allowed for a proper comparison.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Afghanistan a country affected by decades of war and invasions has been subject of democratization and state-building of foreign donors post-2001. Despite the efforts of international community for improvements of state institutions, the country is and has been located at the bottom corruption indexes for many years. This essay tries to understand and explain why Afghanistan has been at the bottom line of corruption despite external actor’s vast democracy aid and building of effective state institutions. The case study of Afghanistan with qualitative method and descriptive text analysis examine causes of corruption in Afghanistan. The materials consist of both statistical data in terms of surveys and scientific literature to provide explanations of corruption in Afghanistan. The analytical framework of the study is based on previous research where formal institutions with focus on political system and informal institutions with focus on clientelism, patronage and neopatrimonialism, are used to explain the empirical data. The findings are that corruption is endemic in Afghanistan, occurring at all sectors of the government and the main reason is the defective political structure along with patronage and clientelistic networks and a state that rest on neo-patrimonialism.

Police Corruption is a complex widespread phenomenon in many developed and developing countries though the intensity varies from country to country. The current study is one of several studies supported by the UAE government will explore the different ways of police corruption and examine the potential ways of external mechanisms to control and minimize police corruption in the state of Abu Dhabi, which is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. The methodology used for this research was by means of collecting data through a survey method distributed in the form of a questionnaire among a large population of police personnel and the public. The collected data was then analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. This research proved that unacceptable police behaviour existed (64.4%), with traffic, investigation and the immigration departments being the highest. Favouritism and nepotism have been identified as the most types of unacceptable behaviour which exists within the Abu Dhabi police force. Police officers (70%) agree to use violence and excessive force against suspects and (54%) believed that the public were worried about repercussions if any complaint was made about corrupt officers. It was established that unacceptable police behaviour exists in Abu Dhabi police force and traffic, investigation and the immigration departments have been identified with the highest levels of unacceptable police behaviour. Police corruption is more often a local police culture involving favouritism and nepotism that protects and even encourages unacceptable police behaviour. Finally, the research suggests the important role of media, public awareness, and training as remedies that should be adopted for instituting long term reforms. A combination of approaches, as well as federal supervision, is needed.

This dissertation examines the role of Cardinal Giovanni Battista de Luca in the reform of nepotism in the seventeenth-century Catholic Church. Popes gave very large amounts of money to their relatives and the burden of nepotism on the Catholic Church was very onerous. The Catholic Church was crippled by nepotism and unable to carry out its traditional functions. Although Cardinal de Luca and Pope Innocent XI worked tirelessly to end nepotism, they were thwarted in their attempts by apprehension among the Cardinals concerning conciliarism and concerning the use of reform measures from the Council of Trent; by Gallicanism and the attempts of the French King to exercise power over the French Church; and by the entrenchment of nepotism and its long acceptance within the Church. Cardinal de Luca and Innocent XI were not able to push through reforms during their lifetimes but Pope Innocent XII was able to complete this reform and pass a reform Bull. This dissertation has two complementary themes. First, a confluence of circumstances allowed for the unfettered growth of nepotism in the seventeenth-century Church to the point of threatening the well-being of the Catholic Church. Reform was not undertaken until the threat to Church finances was severe. Secondly, two upstanding and honest reformers arose in the Catholic Church to correct the problem, de Luca and Innocent XI. The achievements of Cardinal de Luca, also an important reformer of the Canon Law, are almost unknown to an English-speaking audience.

No description available.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-14T17:05:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 judiciario_sociedade.pdf: 1235085 bytes, checksum: ac3f116e9d1da039c2b9f45fee3e65bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T17:05:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 judiciario_sociedade.pdf: 1235085 bytes, checksum: ac3f116e9d1da039c2b9f45fee3e65bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-27 / Banco Santander / Banespa / O presente trabalho examina a disputa entre o Judiciário e a mídia pelo poder simbólico. Essa problemática é abordada a partir de dois panoramas: a influência da mídia sobre o Judiciário, que ocorre através da legitimação de sua imagem diante da sociedade ao se autoproclamar a principal responsável por garantir a justiça; e a relutância do Judiciário perante a prática que acompanha a história da administração pública brasileira desde os seus primórdios, o nepotismo. A partir desse cenário, reflete-se a desmistificação da ideia da mídia como sendo um "Quarto Poder", demonstrando que o poder creditado a esta - pelo próprio Judiciário ao ceder às pressões - não condiz com a realidade quando o assunto tratado é prática de nomeação de parentes para cargos públicos. Diante desse quadro, o estudo estrutura-se em quatro capítulos, sendo que no primeiro é realizada uma retrospectiva em relação ao papel do Judiciário nos períodos Imperial e Republicano, e nas Constituições, centrando-se na postura a ser adotada por essa instituição no sentido de atender a complexidade das demandas sociais, temática esta, tratada por meio da análise da Emenda Constitucional nº45. O segundo capítulo trata de examinar o funcionamento dos meios de comunicação de massa, avaliando o processo de manipulação e formação da opinião pública na busca pelo lucro financeiro, traçando um paralelo de como a mídia deveria funcionar e como de fato ela funciona. A ideia principal trazida no terceiro capítulo refere-se à difícil convivência entre a mídia e o Judiciário. E, por último, no quarto capítulo, é levantada a polêmica do nepotismo no Judiciário brasileiro. Nesse sentido, salienta-se que a temática é abordada sob o manto da disputa entre mídia e Judiciário, pelo poder simbólico de legitimar-se diante da sociedade. / The present work examines the dispute between the Judiciary and the media for the symbolic power. This matter is approached from two panoramas: the media's influence on the Judiciary which happens through its image legitimation in front of the society when it auto-proclaims as being the principal responsible one to guarantee the justice and the reluctance of the Judiciary in front of the practice that follows the history of the Brazilian public administration since its origin, the nepotism. From this scenery there is a reflexion about the demystification of the idea that media is the "Fourth Power" showing that the power accredited to that - by the Judiciary itself when it shrinks from the pressure - is not in accordance with our reality when the subject is the practice of nominating relatives for public positions. With this scenery, the study is structured in four chapters. In the first it is made a retrospective in relation to the Judiciary role during the imperial and republican period and in the constitutions focusing the posture to be adopted for this institution to attend the complexity of the society needs, such thematic is approached through analysis of the constitutional amendment nr. 45. The second chapter is about to examine how means of communication of mass work, evaluating the process of manipulation and public opinion formation in the search for financial profits setting a parallel between how media was expected to work and how it works indeed. The central idea in the third paragraph refers to the difficult relationship between the media and the Judiciary. At last, in the fourth paragraph it is raised the polemic about nepotism in the Brazilian Judiciary.In this sense, it is highlighted that the thematic is approached beneath a shroud of dispute between the media and the Judiciary for the symbolic power of legitimacy in front of the society.

Civilekonomuppsats i företagsekonomi: controller och redovisning. Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet, 2012. Titel: Familjeföretags CSR arbete – en undervärderad företeelse? Datum: 2012-05-29Författare: Emma Lagerquist och Josefine Olofsson Handledare: Sven-Olof Yrjö Collin och Jenny Ahlberg Inledning: CSR har blivit ett omtalat ämne kring forskning och främst kring större börsnoterade företag. Små och medelstora företags relation till CSR har även fått en allt större del i forskningen, däremot har inte familjeföretags CSR arbete fått lika stor del. Denna studie kommer behandla familjeföretags karaktärsdrag och om dessa har någon inverkan på hur familjeföretag arbetar med CSR. Problemformulering: Hur arbetar familjeföretag med CSR? Går det att beskriva familjeföretags CSR arbete som omedvetet eller medvetet samt osynligt eller synligt CSR arbete? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva familjeföretag arbetar med CSR genom att ta fram olika aktiviteter företag kan syssla med som liknas vid CSR. Fokus ligger på att studera familjeföretags medvetna och omedvetna samt synliga och osynliga CSR arbete. Metod: Vår studie har genomförts genom en komparativ flerfallstudie där empiri samlats in genom tre fallföretag. Intervjuer, observationer och insamlande av externt material från lokala tidningar har utgjort en stor del av materialet till undersökningen. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att de familjeföretag som vi har undersökt generellt är omedvetna och osynliga med sitt CSR arbete. Resultatet visar dock små och medelstora lokala familjeföretag vilket gör att resultaten inte kan hänföras till familjeföretag. Orsaken är att vissa karaktärsdrag vi tagit fram hör till små och medelstora lokala familjeföretag. Studien visar dock att socialt ansvar inom CSR är det som familjeföretag gör omedvetet, på grund av tradition från tidigare generationer. De vill vara goda samhällsmedborgare i den bygd de verkar inom. Långsiktighet inom familjen, att föra företaget vidare över nästa generation, tenderar till att vara starkare än i ett icke-familjeföretag och detta gör att deras mål blir långsiktiga. Långsiktiga mål är en stor del inom CSR.

This dissertation consists of three essays in labor economics and contract theory. The first essay examines whether one’s wage is based on information about the performance of one’s personal contacts. I study wage determination under two assumptions about belief formation: individual learning, under which employers observe only one’s own characteristics, and social learning, under which employers also observe those of one’s personal contacts. Using data on siblings in the NLSY79, I test whether a sibling’s characteristics are priced into one’s wage. If learning is social, then an older sibling’s test score should typically have a larger adjusted impact on a younger sibling’s log wage than vice versa. The empirical findings support this prediction. Furthermore, I perform several exercises to rule out other potential factors, such as asymmetric skill formation, human capital transfers, and role model effects. The second essay analyzes the influence of macroeconomic conditions during childhood on the labor market performance of adults. Based on Census data, I document the relationship of unemployment rates in childhood to schooling, employment, and income as an adult. In addition, a sample from the PSID is used to study how the background attributes of parents raising children vary over the business cycle. Finally, information from the NLSY79-CH is examined in order to characterize the impact of economic fluctuations on parental caregiving. Overall, the evidence is consistent with a negative effect of the average unemployment rate in childhood on parental investments in children and the stock of human capital in adulthood. The third essay studies the bilateral trade of divisible goods in the presence of stochastic transaction costs. The first-best solution requires each agent to transfer all of her good to the other agent when the transaction cost reaches a certain threshold value. However, in the absence of court-enforceable contracts, such a policy is not incentive compatible. We solve for the unique maximal symmetric subgame-perfect equilibrium, in which agents can realize some gains from trade by transferring their goods sequentially. Several comparative statics are derived. In some cases, the first-best outcome can be approximated as the agents become infinitely patient. / Economics