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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Regulation of neural precursor cell apoptosis and proliferation by glycogen synthase kinase-3

Eom, Tae-Yeon. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
2

A novel microencapsulated probiotic yogurt formulation for oral delivery in the suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice

Urbanska, Aleksandra Malgorzata. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Biomedical Engineering. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/06/11). Includes bibliographical references.
3

Experimental <em>Chlamydia pneumoniae</em> infection model: effects of repeated inoculations and treatment

Törmäkangas, L. (Liisa) 16 January 2006 (has links)
Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human pathogen worldwide, which causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In addition, C. pneumoniae infections have been associated with atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases, and successful treatment and eradication of the organism from tissues would therefore be desirable. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of C. pneumoniae inoculations on the development of chronic infection and atherosclerotic changes in normocholesterolemic, wild-type mice. We also aimed to elucidate the effects of antibiotic and other treatments on the eradication of chlamydia and on the reduction of the pathologic sequelae induced by these infections. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal chow when assessing the effects of acute infection, or a diet supplemented with 0.2% cholesterol when evaluating the atherosclerotic changes. Primary or repeated inoculations with C. pneumoniae isolate K7 were given to the mice intranasally, and the effects of treatments with telithromycin, levofloxacin and erythromycin antimicrobial agents and with the phenolic compounds quercetin, luteolin and octyl gallate were evaluated. The following methods were used to measure infection and treatment effects and the presence of chlamydia in tissue: chlamydia culture, PCR and RT-PCR methods, histology of lung, heart and aortic tissue, serologic methods and measurements of aortic contractility responses. Repeated C. pneumoniae inoculations induced persistent chlamydial DNA and inflammation in lung tissue and development of mouse Hsp60 autoantibodies. Infection was shown to influence aortic endothelial function, and repeated inoculations significantly increased subendothelial lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus area. A flavonoid, luteolin, was shown to effectively decrease the chlamydial load and inflammatory reactions in lung tissue. All antimicrobial agents eradicated the presence of viable chlamydia effectively; however, PCR positivity persisted in lung tissue despite the treatments. Only immediate treatment after each inoculation was able to decrease aortic sinus lipid accumulation. In conclusion, these data support the role of C. pneumoniae in promoting atherosclerotic development via autoimmune responses and also via direct effects on aortic tissue. Conventional antimicrobial treatments may not effectively eradicate persistent infection, and further studies are warranted to seek for alternative treatment options.
4

Efeitos da suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos em parâmetros metabólicos em camundongos C57BL alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica / Effects of supplementation of fructooligosaccharides on metabolites in C57BL mice fed a hyperlipidic diet

Bezan, Priscila Nogueira 07 June 2019 (has links)
Uma dieta rica em gordura leva sabidamente a efeitos deletérios, associados a síndrome metabólica, por outro lado carboidratos como os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) estão associados à melhora da saúde gastrointestinal e à prevenção do excesso de gordura corporal e das alterações metabólicas associadas. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos em longo prazo de quantidades elevadas de FOS em parâmetros metabólicos, na esteatose hepática não alcoólica (EHNA) e nos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) de camundongos C57BL recebendo dieta normolipídica e hiperlipídica. Foram utilizados 60 animais divididos em seis grupos que receberam por quatro meses as seguintes dietas experimentais: controle (C), normolipídica rica em fibra (F), normolipídica suplementada com FOS (FOS), hiperlipídica (HL), hiperlipídica rica em fibras (HLF) e hiperlipídica com FOS (HLFOS). A dieta controle continha 5% de celulose microcristalina, enquanto a rica em fibras continha 15%; já as suplementadas com FOS, ambas continham 15% desse prebiótico. Foram analisados: peso dos animais; composição corporal; ingestão alimentar; glicemia de jejum; perfil lipídico sérico e hepático; histologias hepática e intestinal; malondialdeído (MDA), retinol e ?- tocoferol hepáticos; AGCC nas fezes. Ao final do período experimental não foi verificada alteração no consumo calórico entre os grupos, mas a suplementação com FOS na dieta hiperlipídica promoveu menor ganho de peso corporal e redução dos pesos do fígado e do tecido adiposo retroperitoneal em comparação ao HL e HF. O FOS preveniu a EHNA e diminuiu os níveis de da alanina aminotransferase e de colesterol sérico nos modelos experimentais animais de obesidade e síndrome metabólica (SM), mas sem alterações significativas no perfil lipídico hepático, na glicemia de jejum, na capacidade antioxidante total ou nas dosagens hepáticas de MDA, de retinol e de ?-tocoferol. Os grupos que receberam dieta rica em fibras não apresentaram melhora nos parâmetros metabólicos ou na EHNA como ocorreu com a suplementação de FOS, sendo que o grupo HLF apresentou aumento do MDA no fígado. Já na dieta normolipídica, o FOS e a celulose foram eficazes na preservação da vitamina E hepática. A histologia intestinal evidenciou que a dieta hiperlipídica aumentou o diâmetro total da luz intestinal e reduziu a espessura muscularentérica, sendo que tanto a suplementação com FOS como com celulose reverteram esses achados, sendo o FOS o mais efetivo. Já com relação aos grupos que receberam dieta normolipídica, houve diminuição da espessura muscular entérica tanto no grupo F como no FOS, sendo a celulose a que apresentou a maior redução, e o aumento do diâmetro da luz intestinal só foi verificado no grupo F. Por fim, não houve alteração nas dosagens dos três principais AGCC nas fezes. A suplementação em longo prazo com altas doses de FOS foi efetiva na redução do peso, da adiposidade, da EHNA e do colesterol sérico em camundongos C57BL com obesidade e SM induzidas por dieta hiperlipídica, além de prevenir parcialmente as alterações morfológicas do intestino presentes nesses modelos experimentais. Os benefícios encontrados com a oferta de altas doses de FOS não foram verificados nos grupos enriquecidos com celulose microcristalina / A high-fat diet is known to lead to deleterious effects associated with metabolic syndrome, on the other hand carbohydrates such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are associated with improved gastrointestinal health and prevention of excess body fat and associated metabolic abnormalities. The present study evaluated the long-term effects of high doses of FOS on metabolic parameters, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of C57BL mice receiving normolipid and hyperlipidic diets. A total of 60 animals were divided into six groups, which received the following experimental diets for four months: control (C), fiber-rich normolipid (F), normolipid supplemented with FOS (FOS), hyperlipidic (HL), high-fiber hyperlipid (HLF) and hyperlipidemic with FOS (HLFOS). The control diet contained 5% microcrystalline cellulose, while the high fiber contained 15%; and those supplemented with FOS, both contained 15% of this prebiotic. It was analyzed: weight of the animals; body composition; food intake; fasting blood glucose; serum and hepatic lipid profile; hepatic and intestinal histologies; malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic ?-tocopherol and retinol; AGCC in feces. At the end of the experimental period, no change in caloric intake between groups was observed, but supplementation with FOS in the hyperlipid diet promoted a lower body weight gain and reduced weights of the liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue compared to HL and HF. FOS prevented NASH and decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase and serum cholesterol in experimental animal models of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), but without significant changes in hepatic lipid profile, fasting glycemia, total antioxidant capacity or dosages of MDA, retinol and ?-tocopherol. The groups that received a high fiber diet showed no improvement in metabolic parameters or NASH as occurred with FOS supplementation, and the HLF group presented increased MDA in the liver. In the normolipid diet, FOS and cellulose were effective in the preservation of hepatic vitamin E. The intestinal histology evidenced that the hyperlipidic diet increased the total diameter of the intestinal lumen and reduced enteric muscle thickness, and both FOS and cellulose supplementation reversed these findings, with FOS being the most effective. Regarding the groups that received a normolipid diet, there was a decrease in enteric musclethickness in both the F and FOS groups, with the cellulose being the one with the greatest reduction, and the increase in the diameter of the intestinal lumen was only verified in the F group. Finally, there was no change in the dosages of the three main SCFAs in the feces. Long-term supplementation with high doses of FOS was effective in reducing weight, adiposity, NASH and serum cholesterol in C57BL mice with obesity and MS induced by a hyperlipid diet, in addition to partially preventing the morphological alterations of the intestine present in these models experiments. The benefits found in the supply of high doses of FOS were not verified in groups enriched with microcrystalline celulose
5

Development and characterization of a mouse model to determine the impact of low dietary folate on spermatogenesis, fertility, and histone methylation

Saint-Phar, Shawna, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Animal Science. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/07/07). Includes bibliographical references.
6

Caracterização das vias de transformação maligna de uma nova linhagem estabelecida de melanoma murino / Establishment and characterization of the malignant transformation pathways of a novel murine melanoma cell line

Junqueira, Mara de Souza 11 May 2006 (has links)
Ao longo dos processos de imortalização e transformação maligna, as células adquirem inúmeras alterações genéticas, que são causadas por fatores endógenos e exógenos como agentes biológicos e a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Neste trabalho, uma linhagem celular espontaneamente transformada foi clonada a partir de explantes de embriões de camundongos C57bl/6. Esta linhagem mostrou-se produtora de pigmento escuro; a análise citoquímica e ultraestrutural permitiu caracterizar a linhagem como tendo origem melanocítica. A linhagem, denominada Mgal3, mostrou-se tumorigênica quando implantada no tecido subcutâneo de animais singenéicos, apresentando capacidade de disseminação linfática, dando origem a metástases em linfonodos, o que permitiu caracteriza-la como uma linhagem de melanoma murino. O processo de transformação deste melanoma caracterizou-se pela expressão de genes retrovirais endógenos, com expressão do antígeno associado a melanoma (MAA), reconhecido pelo anticorpo monoclonal MM2-9B6; ausência de mutações nos exons 5 a 8 do gene supressor de tumor TP53; e, silenciamento do gene CDKN2a, que codifica duas proteínas que atuam em redes de supressão de tumores, p16INK4a e p19ARF. A perda de expressão de pelo menos um destes produtos gênicos parece associada a mecanismos epigenéticos, uma vez que o tratamento de Mgal3 com o inibidor de DNA metiltransferase 5-Aza-2-deoxicitidina, restaurou a transcrição de pelo menos um dos transcritos do gene CDKN2a. Da mesma forma, observamos que o gene LGALS3, que codifica a lectina animal galectina-3 também é silenciado nesta linhagem, mostrando que esta molécula não está associada à manutenção desta célula transformada em condições de cultivo. / A novel murine melanoma cell line named Mgal3 was generated from embryo explants. This cell line gave rise to metastatic tumors when injected subcutaneously in C57bl/6 mice. Tumor histogenesis was determined at the cytochemical (Fontana Masson staining), immunohistochemical (staining with anti-HMB45 and anti-S100) and ultrastructural levels. Mgal3 produces high amounts of retroviral C particles and was recognized by the mAb MM2-9B6, which reacts with a melanoma associated antigen derived from the envelope of the ecotropic retrovirus MelArv. No mutations were found in TP53 exons 5-8, however loss of CDKN2a expression was observed. Treatment of Mgal3 with the demethylating agent azadeoxycytidine indicated that at least one of the genes encoded at the CDKN2a locus was silenced by promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, this cell line did not express the animal lectin, galectin-3. The galectin-3 gene promoter seemed to be hypermethylated, since treatment of Mgal3 with azadeoxycytidine led to the de novo expression of the lectin.
7

Caracterização das vias de transformação maligna de uma nova linhagem estabelecida de melanoma murino / Establishment and characterization of the malignant transformation pathways of a novel murine melanoma cell line

Mara de Souza Junqueira 11 May 2006 (has links)
Ao longo dos processos de imortalização e transformação maligna, as células adquirem inúmeras alterações genéticas, que são causadas por fatores endógenos e exógenos como agentes biológicos e a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Neste trabalho, uma linhagem celular espontaneamente transformada foi clonada a partir de explantes de embriões de camundongos C57bl/6. Esta linhagem mostrou-se produtora de pigmento escuro; a análise citoquímica e ultraestrutural permitiu caracterizar a linhagem como tendo origem melanocítica. A linhagem, denominada Mgal3, mostrou-se tumorigênica quando implantada no tecido subcutâneo de animais singenéicos, apresentando capacidade de disseminação linfática, dando origem a metástases em linfonodos, o que permitiu caracteriza-la como uma linhagem de melanoma murino. O processo de transformação deste melanoma caracterizou-se pela expressão de genes retrovirais endógenos, com expressão do antígeno associado a melanoma (MAA), reconhecido pelo anticorpo monoclonal MM2-9B6; ausência de mutações nos exons 5 a 8 do gene supressor de tumor TP53; e, silenciamento do gene CDKN2a, que codifica duas proteínas que atuam em redes de supressão de tumores, p16INK4a e p19ARF. A perda de expressão de pelo menos um destes produtos gênicos parece associada a mecanismos epigenéticos, uma vez que o tratamento de Mgal3 com o inibidor de DNA metiltransferase 5-Aza-2-deoxicitidina, restaurou a transcrição de pelo menos um dos transcritos do gene CDKN2a. Da mesma forma, observamos que o gene LGALS3, que codifica a lectina animal galectina-3 também é silenciado nesta linhagem, mostrando que esta molécula não está associada à manutenção desta célula transformada em condições de cultivo. / A novel murine melanoma cell line named Mgal3 was generated from embryo explants. This cell line gave rise to metastatic tumors when injected subcutaneously in C57bl/6 mice. Tumor histogenesis was determined at the cytochemical (Fontana Masson staining), immunohistochemical (staining with anti-HMB45 and anti-S100) and ultrastructural levels. Mgal3 produces high amounts of retroviral C particles and was recognized by the mAb MM2-9B6, which reacts with a melanoma associated antigen derived from the envelope of the ecotropic retrovirus MelArv. No mutations were found in TP53 exons 5-8, however loss of CDKN2a expression was observed. Treatment of Mgal3 with the demethylating agent azadeoxycytidine indicated that at least one of the genes encoded at the CDKN2a locus was silenced by promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, this cell line did not express the animal lectin, galectin-3. The galectin-3 gene promoter seemed to be hypermethylated, since treatment of Mgal3 with azadeoxycytidine led to the de novo expression of the lectin.

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