Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane was first recognized in 1944 in Queensland, Australia (Steindl, 1961). The disease occurs worldwide and causes significant yield losses, especially during drought. RSD produces no external symptoms except a non-specific stunting (Steindl, 1961). RSD, which was first recorded 1n South Africa in 1953 (Anon., 1960), causes a greater overall loss in yield than any other sugarcane disease in South Africa. Yields of sugarcane are reduced by 20% to 40% and the harvest of affected fields declines progressively with successive ratoons (Anon., 1980b). A virus was originally thought to cause RSD, but in 1973, a coryneform bacterium was implicated as the causal agent (Gillaspie et al., 1973; Teakle et al., 1973). In 1980, our laboratory reported the successful isolation and culture of a coryneform bacterium associated with RSD of sugarcane and was indicated to be the causal agent (Nayiager et al., 1980). The lack of a rapid diagnostic technique applicable to mass screening of sugarcane has hindered progress in the control of the disease. There are two types of commonly used diagnostic tests. One test depends on the evaluation of internal stalk symptoms which may require from two to twenty six weeks to develop (Gillaspie et al., 1966; Matsuoka, 1971; Schexnayder, 1960; Singh, 1969). However, these symptoms are not always present in RSD affected plants and similar symptoms can sometimes result from other causes (Steindl, 1961). The other test involves establishing the presence of the coryneform bacterium associated with diseased plants. The bacterium is visible under high magnification by phase-contrast microscopy (Gillaspie et al., 1973) or by electron microscopy (Teakle et al., 1973). Although identification by the latter methods requires little time, the technology involved severely limits the number of samples that can be examined. Recently, serological techniques have been used (Brlansky et al., 1982; Damann et al., 1977; Davis et al., 1980; Gillaspie, 1978b; Gillaspie et al., 1979; Harris and Gillaspie, 1978) but their success has been limited. Besides problems with diagnosis of the disease, the precise morphology and taxonomy of the causal organism is unclarified. The objectives of this research programme were, firstly, to characterize the cultured intact bacterium and its constituent membranes both ultrastructurally and immunologically, and secondly, to evaluate various immunological methods for detection of the bacterium. This study should contribute to enhancing the taxonomic status of the bacterium and to the use of a rapid diagnostic technique applicable to mass screening of sugarcane. Such a technique should eventually contribute to effective control of RSD. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1984.

No description available.

In the Australian sugar industry, sugar cane is smashed into a straw like material by hammers before being squeezed between large rollers to extract the sugar juice. The straw like material is initially called prepared cane and then bagasse as it passes through successive roller milling units. The sugar cane materials are highly compressible, have high moisture content, are fibrous, and they resemble some peat soils in both appearance and mechanical behaviour. A promising avenue to improve the performance of milling units for increased throughput and juice extraction, and to reduce costs is by modelling of the crushing process. To achieve this, it is believed necessary that milling models should be able to reproduce measured bagasse behaviour. This investigation sought to measure the mechanical (compression, shear, and volume) behaviour of prepared cane and bagasse, to identify limitations in currently used material models, and to progress towards a material model that can predict bagasse behaviour adequately. Tests were carried out using a modified direct shear test equipment and procedure at most of the large range of pressures occurring in the crushing process. The investigation included an assessment of the performance of the direct shear test for measuring bagasse behaviour. The assessment was carried out using finite element modelling. It was shown that prepared cane and bagasse exhibited critical state behaviour similar to that of soils and the magnitudes of material parameters were determined. The measurements were used to identify desirable features for a bagasse material model. It was shown that currently used material models had major limitations for reproducing bagasse behaviour. A model from the soil mechanics literature was modified and shown to achieve improved reproduction while using magnitudes of material parameters that better reflected the measured values. Finally, a typical three roller mill pressure feeder configuration was modelled. The predictions and limitations were assessed by comparison to measured data from a sugar factory.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000757743.pdf: 4041576 bytes, checksum: 0f25cac829cd57c145c0ed6b1075b9ca (MD5) / Em Louisiana, historicamente, o resíduo de cana-de-açúcar obtido com a colheita mecânica tem sido removido pela queimada, mas preocupações ambientais e sociais sobre a queima têm conduzido à necessidade de alternativas econômicas para o manejo dessas palhada. O manejo de plantas daninhas nessas áreas apresenta mudanças significativas, visto que uma espessa camada de palha variando de 10 a 30 t ha-1 pode ser deixada no solo. Os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência, que deveriam chegar até a superfície do solo são interceptados pela palhada ficando o produto retido mais exposto às possíveis perdas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a interação entre diferentes quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e herbicidas, no controle de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) em Louisiana/USA, bem como verificar a transposição dos herbicidas atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, diuron e hexazinone em palha. O estudo foi conduzido em dois experimentos. O primeiro foi realizado na estação experimental de cana-de-açúcar da Louisiana State University, localizada em Saint Gabriel/Louisiana, nos Estados Unidos no período de novembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, em que se estudou o efeito dos herbicidas atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone+diuron e hexazinone+diuron em condições de 0, 9, 18 e 27 t ha-1 de 2 palha de cana-de-açúcar deixada no solo. O segundo experimento foi desenvolvido nas condições do Núcleo de Pesquisas Avançadas em Matologia pertencente à UNESP Campus de Botucatu/SP, como um complemento ao experimento anterior, e o foco do estudo foi à transposição dos mesmos herbicidas em 10 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Verificou se que a infestação de azevém foi gradativamente reduzida com o aumento na quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar deixadas na superfície do solo e os melhores tratamentos herbicidas foram metribuzin, clomazone+diuron... / In Louisiana, historically, the sugarcane residue obtained with mechanical harvesting has been removed by burning, but environmental and social concerns about burning have led to the need for economic alternatives for the management of these straw. The weed management in these areas presents significant changes, considering that a thick layer of straw from 10 to 30 t ha-1 can be left on the ground. And the herbicides applied in pre-emergence on these mulches, which should reach the soil surface are intercepted by straw getting the product more exposed to possible losses like photo degradation, volatilization and/or hydrolysis, thus not reaching the ground. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between different amounts of sugarcane straw and herbicide to control of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Louisiana/USA, as well as verify the transposition of the herbicides atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, diuron and hexazinone in straw. The study was conducted in two experiments. The first was conducted at the sugarcane experimental station of the Louisiana State University located in Saint Gabriel from November 2012 to April 2013 and the effect of atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone+diuron, hexazinone+diuron were evaluated in conditions of 0, 9, 18 and 27 t ha-1 of sugarcane straw left in the soil. The second experiment was conducted under the conditions of the Advanced Research Center ...

Giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) is a native bamboo that forms large monodominant stands called canebrakes in bottomlands in the southeastern US. Canebrakes are valuable habitat for wildlife and function as riparian buffers to protect soils and water quality. Currently, only 2% of canebrake ecosystems remain. Thus there is interest in establishing new canebrakes as well as maintaining and expanding existing canebrakes. For field restoration, using cane rhizomes to produce transplants is possible but it is unknown when propagules should be collected and grown. For rehabilitation of existing canebrakes, preliminary studies suggest that fertilization and disturbance such as fire can be beneficial but additional broader-ranging studies are warranted. This research reports on three giant cane studies involving producing transplants from rhizomes and involving managing existing canebrakes with disturbance in southern Illinois. The main objectives of study 1 were to ascertain a) if collection season influences the proportion of rhizome propagules that grow at least one culm (culm production success) and the resultant culm growth when transplanted in a greenhouse b) if specific rhizome characteristics influence an individual rhizome’s ability to produce a culm c) if aboveground biomass could be a predictor of the amount of belowground propagules and d) if aboveground biomass, total rhizome length, number of rhizome nodes, or number of rhizome buds could be a predictor of how many culms could be produced when transplanting. Monthly, for a year, sample plots were randomly selected in the SIUC giant cane nursery. In sample plots aboveground culm measurements were collected included live culm density (#/0.25m2), dead culm density (#/0.25m2), height of the tallest culm (cm), diameter of the tallest culm (mm), and total aboveground biomass (g). Each month rhizomes were dug from the sample plots, measured (length (cm), diameter (mm), # nodes, and # live buds), and transplanted into pots and placed in the greenhouse for approximately 94 days. At that time, measurements were taken of the number of live and dead culms produced per pot and the height of the tallest culm (cm). Results indicate that rhizomes collected and transplanted in the greenhouse during winter and spring months (December-May), had significantly greater culm production success and produced significantly taller culms. Also, rhizomes intermediate in length (18-30 cm) that contained 5 to 12 nodes and 4 to 9 live buds tended to have higher than average culm production. Finally, a positive correlation existed between the amount of aboveground biomass and the number of rhizome nodes, the number of live rhizome buds, and the length of rhizomes found in sample plots. Aboveground biomass can predict the amount of belowground rhizome propagules that can be used for canebrake restoration. Study 2 is a two year continuation of work initiated in 2011 and reported on by Margaret Anderson in 2014 on the effects of fire, fertilization, and fire and fertilization combined on the growth and expansion (culm density, height and diameter) of canebrakes within the Cache River Watershed in southern Illinois. Results showed considerable year to year variability among treatments within the canebrake for some growth parameters. However, three years after disturbance, all treatments tended to have similar culm density and growth values and canebrake expansion occurred for all treatments into exterior plots. Fire alone was similar to controls in growth parameters and did not produce any long-term negative effects. Thus, fire can be used as an effective tool to reduce competition from other species, allowing managed canebrakes to persist longer than those that remain undisturbed. Fertilization used alone and in combination with fire, produced slight growth and density increases, but added costs may not warrant its use in canebrake management. Study 3 compared fire and mowing disturbances on the growth and expansion of remnant canebrakes located in southern Illinois. Eleven replications in remnant canebrakes were established throughout the Cache River watershed. Each replication contained a fire only treatment, a mowing only treatment, and a control. Measurements were taken in the dormant season early in 2012 prior to a single mowing and a single fire in March, and after each growing season thru 2014. Measurements including live and dead culm density (#m2), culm height (cm), and culm diameter (0.01 mm), were taken within subplots in the canebrake interior and exterior. Results from this study showed that mowing can be used as an effective alternative to fire for the management of remnant canebrakes through reductions in competition. Neither fire nor mowing produced negative effects of growth within the measured canebrakes or in adjacent areas. Like the previous study, all treatments including the control experienced an outward expansion of cane culms throughout the course of the study. This study shows that both fire and mowing can be used as effective tools to reduce competition within canebrakes to aid in their continued vigor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 raposojunior_jl_dr_araiq.pdf: 6346951 bytes, checksum: 2a6134d61540835a78b50ad54ba2356f (MD5) / A influência da composição de diferentes fertilizantes foliares, designados por tertemunha (T1), fosfito(T2), micronutrientes(T3), fosfito+micronutrientes (T4), bioestimulantes(T5), fosfito+bioestimulante (T6), micronutrientes+bioestimulantne(T7), fosfito+micronutrientes+bioestimulante(T8), foi avaliada na nutrição e produtividade da cana-de açúcar da sfra de 2007/2008. Foram desenvolvidas novas metodologias analítica para determinações multielementares de Cu, Fe, MN e Zn em extrato de solo e Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K e Mg em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama como rfo9nte contínua e de alta resolulção (HR-CS FAAs). A produtividade da caqna-de açucar foi avaliada por meio da análise do grau Brix, açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), teor de sacarose, massa de colmos, e massa de colmos x ATR. As determinações de micronutrientes em solo foram feitas empregando as linhas atômicas principais de Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) e a secundária (252,744nm)e adjacente (248,325nm) do Fe. Exatidão e precisão foram avaliados pela análise de dois materiais de referência do Instituto Agronômico de Campipnas (IAC) e os... / The influence of the composition of differents foliar fertilizers referred by testify (T1), phosphite (T2), micronutrients (T3), phosphite + micronutrients (T4), biostimulant (T5), phosphite +biostimulant (T6), micronutrients+biostimulant (T7), phosphite +biostimulant +micronutrients (T8) was evaluated on nutrition and yield of 2007/2008 sugarcane crop. New analytical methodologies were developed for multielement determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Sn in soil extract and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K and Mg in sugarcane leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAs). The sdugarcane yield was evelluated by anaysis of Brix degree, total recoverabel sugars (TRS), sucros content and total stalk weight (TSW). The determination of micronutrients in soil were carried out using the main lines for Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) and the secondary (252,744nm) and adjacent (248,325nm) for Fe. Accuracy and precision were evalueted by analysis of two reference materials of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and the results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:52:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maeda_f_me_botfca.pdf: 3159015 bytes, checksum: f10aa9aa6353f7f1890f18f0a9de08de (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O homem sempre se utilizou do fogo para a limpeza de terrenos. Com os canaviais não foi diferente. Até bem pouco tempo atrás, a queimada para a limpeza das plantações de cana era comumente utilizada para facilitar a colheita, mecânica ou manual, e aumentar seu rendimento. Mas essa prática gera uma série de problemas. Um exemplo são os efeitos nocivos à saúde humana, tais como doenças pulmonares, cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de câncer. A queimada também prejudica o meio ambiente devido, por exemplo, à emissão de poluentes atmosféricos (monóxido de carbono, hidrocarbonetos e material particulado) e de CO2eq, à emissão de gases do efeito estufa e à diminuição da fertilidade e estrutura dos solos. Visando a solução desses problemas, foi criada a Lei 11.241/2002, regulamentada pelo Decreto-lei 47.700/2003, e a posterior assinatura do Protocolo Agro-ambiental, que reduziu os prazos para a eliminação das queimadas como prática de preparo para a colheita da cana-deaçúcar, o que resultou em um grande impulso ao processo de mecanização. Tal processo tornou disponível uma grande quantidade de bagaço e palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, material aproveitável como matéria-prima da cogeração de energia nas usinas, havendo, a partir do ano de 2006, a necessidade de as usinas instalarem novas caldeiras mais eficientes, gerando mais energia e aumentando a produção de açúcar e de álcool. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as influências da Lei 11.241/2002 e em particular do Protocolo Agroambiental, na produção de uma usina de açúcar, álcool e energia do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia... / Man has always used fire for land cleaning. With the cane plantations it was not different. Until very recently, the fire for cleaning the cane plantations was commonly used to make easier the mechanical or manual harvest, and increase its income. But this practice generates a series of problems. An example would be the harmful effects to human health, such as lung diseases, heart disease and some kinds of cancer. The fire also damages the environment, for example, due to the emission of air pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and articulated material) and due to CO2eq, the emission of greenhouse gases and the decrease of the fertility and soil structure. Aiming the solution of these problems, the Law number 11.241/2002, regulated by Law-Decree number 47.700/2003 was created, and the subsequent signing of the agri-environment protocol, which reduced the time for the elimination of burning as practical preparation for the harvest of sugar cane, which turned out in a great impulse to the mechanization process. This process has made available a large amount of sugar cane bagasse and trash, which are useful material as feedstock in the cogeneration of energy in power-plant. This way, since the year 2006 it was necessary for the industries to install more efficient boilers, generating more energy and increasing the production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this study was to analyze the influences of Law 11.241/2002 and to participate in the Agro-environmental Protocol, the production of sugar, alcohol and energy of the State of São Paulo. The methodology of this study was based on technical and administrative data of a sugar cane windmill plant of the State of São Paulo country, such as data requested for the Sustainable Development Department of the Secretary of State for the Environment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_apd_me_araiq.pdf: 3223500 bytes, checksum: 303c1ae36c8e55795520d3ac85891347 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. O seu cultivo ocupa cerca de 8 milhões de hectares e apresenta duas safras anuais, o que garante a produção de açúcar e etanol para os mercados interno e externo, sendo assim uma cultura de grande interesse econômico para o país. Baseando-se na necessidade de uma avaliação sistemática do metabolismo primário e secundário da cana-de-açúcar, visando à obtenção de um perfil metabólico detalhado de vários cultivares e a construção de um banco de dados metabólicos desta espécie, este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo caracterizar os metabólitos não voláteis presentes em amostras de extratos de cana-de-açúcar, usando técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (CG), acopladas a métodos espectrométricos de alto desempenho (DAD e EM), padrões comerciais e análises por RMN off line. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram na partição do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar por extração líquido-líquido e posteriormente fracionamento por extração em fase sólida C18, obtendo-se frações de menor complexidade. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por RMN, CLAE-DAD-EM, CLAE-EM/EM e CG-EM. A análises por CLAE-DAD-EM e CLAE-IES-EM/EM possibilitaram a identificação de duas séries de isômeros de posição de ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5- cafeoilquínico; ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-feruloilquínico e ácido 5- feruloilquínico) e de cinco flavonóides glicosilados (orientina, vitexina, diosmetina-8-C-glicosídeo, tricina 4’-O-(eritro ou treo)-guaiacilgliceril éter-7-Oglucopiranosídeo e swertisina). Estas técnicas mostraram-se eficientes ferramentas na identificação de substâncias em misturas e os experimentos de... / Brazil is currently the largest producer of sugarcane. Its cultivation occupies about 8 million hectares and has two harvests per year, which ensures that Brazil produces sugar and ethanol to the domestic and foreign markets. Therefore, this is a crop of great economic interest for the country. Based on the need for a systematic evaluation of primary and secondary metabolism of sugarcane in order to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of sugarcane cultivars and building a metabolic database of this species, this project has as objective to characterize the non-volatile metabolites present in samples of extracts from cane sugar leaves, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) hifenated with spectroscopic methods (DAD and MS), trading standards and off-line analysis by NMR. The strategies used included the liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and subsequent fractionation by solid phase extraction on C18, to obtain fractions with lower complexity. The fractions were analyzed by NMR, HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The analysis by HPLC-DAD-MS and HPLC--MS/MS allowed the identification of two sets of position isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 3-feruloylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid and 5- feruloylquinic acid) and five flavonoid glycosides (orientin, vitexin, diosmetin-8- C-glucoside, tricin 4'-O-(erythro or threo guaiacylglyceryl) ether-7-Oglucopyranoside and swertisin). These techniques are an effective tool to identify substances in mixtures and the experiments of MS² and EPI (product ion spectrum) were very important to confirm these identifications. The GC-MS experiments resulted in the identification of metabolites present in the 61 fractions analyzed, and especially... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Alberto José Cavalheiro / Banca: Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes / Banca: Janete Harumi Yariwake / Resumo: O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. O seu cultivo ocupa cerca de 8 milhões de hectares e apresenta duas safras anuais, o que garante a produção de açúcar e etanol para os mercados interno e externo, sendo assim uma cultura de grande interesse econômico para o país. Baseando-se na necessidade de uma avaliação sistemática do metabolismo primário e secundário da cana-de-açúcar, visando à obtenção de um perfil metabólico detalhado de vários cultivares e a construção de um banco de dados metabólicos desta espécie, este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo caracterizar os metabólitos não voláteis presentes em amostras de extratos de cana-de-açúcar, usando técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (CG), acopladas a métodos espectrométricos de alto desempenho (DAD e EM), padrões comerciais e análises por RMN off line. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram na partição do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar por extração líquido-líquido e posteriormente fracionamento por extração em fase sólida C18, obtendo-se frações de menor complexidade. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por RMN, CLAE-DAD-EM, CLAE-EM/EM e CG-EM. A análises por CLAE-DAD-EM e CLAE-IES-EM/EM possibilitaram a identificação de duas séries de isômeros de posição de ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5- cafeoilquínico; ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-feruloilquínico e ácido 5- feruloilquínico) e de cinco flavonóides glicosilados (orientina, vitexina, diosmetina-8-C-glicosídeo, tricina 4'-O-(eritro ou treo)-guaiacilgliceril éter-7-Oglucopiranosídeo e swertisina). Estas técnicas mostraram-se eficientes ferramentas na identificação de substâncias em misturas e os experimentos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil is currently the largest producer of sugarcane. Its cultivation occupies about 8 million hectares and has two harvests per year, which ensures that Brazil produces sugar and ethanol to the domestic and foreign markets. Therefore, this is a crop of great economic interest for the country. Based on the need for a systematic evaluation of primary and secondary metabolism of sugarcane in order to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of sugarcane cultivars and building a metabolic database of this species, this project has as objective to characterize the non-volatile metabolites present in samples of extracts from cane sugar leaves, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) hifenated with spectroscopic methods (DAD and MS), trading standards and off-line analysis by NMR. The strategies used included the liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and subsequent fractionation by solid phase extraction on C18, to obtain fractions with lower complexity. The fractions were analyzed by NMR, HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The analysis by HPLC-DAD-MS and HPLC--MS/MS allowed the identification of two sets of position isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 3-feruloylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid and 5- feruloylquinic acid) and five flavonoid glycosides (orientin, vitexin, diosmetin-8- C-glucoside, tricin 4'-O-(erythro or threo guaiacylglyceryl) ether-7-Oglucopyranoside and swertisin). These techniques are an effective tool to identify substances in mixtures and the experiments of MS² and EPI (product ion spectrum) were very important to confirm these identifications. The GC-MS experiments resulted in the identification of metabolites present in the 61 fractions analyzed, and especially... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: João Bosco Faria / Coorientador: Maurício Boscolo / Banca: Douglas Wagner Franco / Banca: Roberto da Silva / Banca: Fernando Valadares Novaes / Banca: Maurício Boscolo / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar β-glicosidases produzidas por microrganismos taxonomicamente distantes do gênero Saccharomyces na produção de aguardente de cana, visando uma maior liberação de compostos flavorizantes, em especial os monoterpenos para a obtenção de aguardentes com atributo sensorial floral mais intenso. Testes preliminares foram realizados adicionando-se extrato bruto de β-glicosidases do Aureobasidium pullulans ER-16 e do Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 no caldo de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar, com pH 4.5 e diferentes condições de temperatura, agitação e tempo de hidrólise. O complexo enzimático produzido pelo microrganismo T. aurantiacus foi adicionado anteriormente à inoculação do caldo de cana com a Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e a fermentação padrão com S. cerevisiae foi adotada como referência. A determinação dos efeitos das β-glicosidases na desglicosilação de terpenos foi avaliada utilizando um cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS), com injeção da fase vapor do mosto e dos produtos de destilação no modo head-space com micro extração em fase sólida (HS-SPME), além da aplicação de testes de análise sensorial. Nenhum composto terpênico foi encontrado nos caldos originais, entretanto citronelol, nerol e geraniol foram encontrados nos caldos de cana tratados com β-glicosidases, na faixa de microgramas por litro, exceto para variedade IAC87-3396. Temperatura, tempo de hidrólise e agitação não afetou os valores encontrados, entretanto uma maior eficiência da atividade hidrolítica de β-glicosidases do T. aurantiacus foi encontrada. Não foi observada a presença de linalol e nerol na cahaça controle até o limite de detecção de 5 μg/L, entretanto a presença de linalol e nerol foi confirmada na cachaça tratada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research aims to apply β-glucosidase produced by microorganisms taxonomically distant from the genus Saccharomyces to produce Brazilian sugar cane spirit, seeking a greater release of flavor compounds, especially monoterpenes to brandies with obtaining sensory attribute floral more intense. The enzymatic complexe by Aureobasidium pullulans ER-16 and Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 were added to the juices from four sugar cane varieties, with pH 4.5 and under different conditions of temperature, agitation and hydrolysis time. The enzyme complexe produced by microorganism Thermoascus aurantiacus, was added before the inoculation of sugarcane juice with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fermentation pattern of S. cerevisiae was used as a reference. The determination of the effects of the addition of β-glucosidases in the deglycosylation of terpenes was evaluated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with injection of the vapor of the distillates in order to head-space micro-phase extraction solid (HS-SPME), and sensory evaluation. No terpenic compounds were found in the original juices, but citronellol, nerol and geraniol were found in the treated sugar cane juices in the range of micrograms per liter, except for variety IAC87-3396. Temperature, hydrolysis time and agitation did not show to be significant parameters in this process, however a greater efficiency of the hydrolytic activity of β-glucosidases from the T. aurantiacus was found. Linallol and nerol weren't detected in the control cachaça at LOD of 5 μg/L, whereas in the enzymatic treated cachaça, the presence of linallol and nerol was confirmed. The concentrations of terpienol and geraniol were significantly increased in treated sugar cane juice spirit, which received higher scores in the sensory evaluation. / Doutor