The history of public health has suggested that the progress of societies cannot be understood without understanding community health conditions. The federal government of the United States established the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) in 1946 to assist the states in controlling outbreaks of infectious disease. This coincided with the early days of the Cold War. The concern of some health officials of the time, most notable among them was the CDC’s Chief of Epidemiology, Alexander D. Langmuir, was to address the 1950s threat of “germ warfare,” or bio-terrorism. To do this effectively the CDC established the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) to train field epidemiologists as the first line of defense against biological attack. The role of the Chief EIS Officer was vital to its success. An examination of the Chiefs’ performance from 1951 through 2006 supports this contention.

<p> System performance evaluation is an on-going task for computer system management personnel in order to fine-tune the system operations. One of the evaluation aids that is readily available for the CDC 6400 computers is the job accounting dayfile maintained by the operating system NOS. A set of three programs in FORTRAN has been developed to analyze the dayfile with a view to evaluating the system performance. Program PHASEl prepares the dayfile for analysis. Program PHASE2 creates a job summary file with information on system resources utilization by each job. Program PHASE3 analyzes the job summary file by evaluating various parameters characterizing the system workload and performance at regular time intervals. The results are displayed in tabular and graphical forms. Test results from the analysis of a limited number of dayfiles are discussed. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

L’augmentation de la moyenne de vie a modifié le spectre des maladies cardiaques vers l'insuffisance cardiaque, un désordre progressif incurable, marqué par une perte massive de cardiomyocytes. En raison de la rareté des donneurs, la transplantation cardiaque, devient de plus en plus difficile. En 2003, la découverte des cellules souches cardiaques humaines (hCSC) pouvant supporter la réparation du myocarde après un infarctus a soulevé l’espoir d’approches thérapeutiques plus prometteuses. La transplantation des cellules autologues (issues du patient) a montré une efficacité limitée en raison de la mauvaise qualité des cellules après infarctus. De ce fait, l’utilisation des CPC allogéniques provenant de donneurs sains semble aujourd’hui le choix le plus réaliste et représente un potentiel produit thérapeutique abordable et disponible pour tous. Cependant les cellules allogéniques soulèvent des problèmes immunologiques importants qu’il faut résoudre avant leur utilisation clinique. Concernant la réponse immune innée, nos résultats indiquent que les hCPC allogéniques ont une susceptibilité modeste à la lyse NK et pourraient même être protégées contre cette lyse en contexte inflammatoire. Contrairement à la réponse immunitaire innée favorable contre les hCPC allogéniques, la présence des alloanticorps anti-HLA peut être néfaste. Nos résultats ont montré que les DSA-HLA I spécifiques de l’haplotype des hCPC peuvent induire leur lyse par CDC et ADCC et cette lyse est fortement augmentée par les conditions inflammatoires. L’ensemble de ces résultats indique que les hCPC allogéniques sont des cellules à faible risque immunologique en ce qui concerne la réponse immune innée, par contre une élimination rapide par CDC ou tardive par ADCC des hCPC pourrait se produire chez les patients ayant des DSA-HLA I spécifiques de l’allèle(s) exprimé(s) par les hCPC incitant ainsi le dépistage des DSA-HLA avant l’infusion thérapeutique des hCPC. / The increase in average life changed the spectrum of heart disease to heart failure, a progressive incurable disorder, characterized by a massive loss of cardiomyocytes. Due to the scarcity of donors, cardiac transplantation, only effective treatment known to date is becoming increasingly difficult. In 2003, the discovery of human cardiac stem cells (HCS/PC) can support the repair of the myocardium after myocardial raised hopes of promising therapeutic approaches. Transplantation of autologous (from the patient) showed limited efficiency because of the poor quality of the cells after infarction. Therefore, the use of stem / progenitor heart (CPC) from allogeneic healthy donors seems today the most realistic choiceand represents a potential therapeutic product available to all. However allogeneic cells raise significant immunological problems that must be resolved before clinical use. Regarding the innate immune response, our results indicate that allogeneic HCPC have a modest susceptibility to NK lysis and could even be protected against this lysis in the inflammatory context. In addition, allogeneic HCPC seem able to inhibit the activity of NK cells. Unlike the favorable innate immune response against the allogeneic HCPC, the presence of anti-HLA alloantibodies can be harmful. Our results showed that the DSA-specific HLA class I haplotype of the HCPC can induce their lysis by CDC and ADCC and this lysis is greatly increased by inflammatory conditions. However, the DSA-specific HLA II do not induce HCPC lysis. All these results indicate that allogeneic HCPC are cells with low immunological risk regarding the innate immune response. On the contrary, rapid elimination by CDC or ADCC of HCPC may occurs in patients with DSA- HLA class I specific allele (s) expressed by the HCPC thus prompting the screening of HLA-DSA prior to therapeutic infusion of HCPC.

This study’s aim was to explore face, content, concurrent validity and psychometric properties of the Swedish Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC) as well as and to provide guidelines towards validation. The CDC is used in Sweden when dissociation is highly probable, and validation could motivate wider use. Qualitative data was gathered from psychologists-in-training (N = 4) clinical psychologists (N = 5) and parents (N = 23) through a focus group, interviews and questionnaires, respectively. Quantitative data using the CDC and items from the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was obtained from parents. Results suggest good face, content and convergent validity. Factor analysis provides suggestions for future investigations into quantitative validation. Guidelines when validating is revising certain items, investigating the possibility of developing two versions of the CDC, utilizing an adequate sample size as well as assessment with a clinical group. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka face, innehålls- och konvergent validitet samt psykometriska egenskaper hos den svenska versionen av Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC), samt utforma riktlinjer för validering. I Sverige har CDC använts vid hög närvaro av dissociativa symptom, och validering kan motivera bredare användning. Kvalitativ data samlades in från psykologstudenter (N = 4), kliniska psykologer (N = 5) och föräldrar (N = 23) genom fokusgrupp, intervjuer respektive frågeformulär. Kvantitativa data erhölls från föräldrar med CDC och items från Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Resultaten tyder på god face, innehålls- och konvergent validitet. Faktoranalys bidrar med förslag på framtida tillvägagångssätt för kvantitativ validering. Riktlinjer vid validering är revidering av vissa items, utforskning av möjligheten att utveckla två versioner av CDC, tillgång till ett stort sample samt jämförelse med en klinisk grupp.

No description available.

The publication of the Curriculum Development Centre's discussion paper 'Core Curriculum for Australian Schools' in June 1980 stimulated discussion of the concept of core curriculum in Australia. The driving force came from the Foundation Director of the CDC, Dr Malcolm Skilbeck. This study discusses the themes and directions to which Skilbeck was committed through a study of his work prior to his return to Australia in 1975 and his subsequent writings. The study considers Skilbeck's work against general thinking on educational matters in Australia and overseas. The initial discussion centres on Skilbeck's work in the United Kingdom prior to 1975. This concludes that his views were moulded by his own research on the American progressive educator John Dewey and that Dewey's ideals of a democratic society moulded and sustained by a democratic core curriculum have been dominant in all Skilbeck's subsequent thinking. The study reviews the establishment, working and conclusions of the CDC Core Curriculum and Values Education Working Party. In two subsequent chapters, the study looks at Skilbeck's approach to cultural mapping and school-based curriculum development as the two fundamental Planks of his approach to the development and implementation of a core curriculum for Australian schools. The study shows that Skilbeck's concept of cultural mapping is helpful but does not succeed in providing an effective basis for the articulation of national guidelines. In consequence, the CDC did not succeed in providing a framework sufficient to hold together the infinite range of possibilities opened UP by school-based action. The study considers the limited published reactions to the CDC Paper. It notes that the termination of the CDC by the Committee for Review of Commonwealth Functions in early 1931 prevented the fuller dissemination and debate of the topic during 19S1 and subsequently. The study notes that responses were disaapointingly few and in many cases failed to address the central questions raised by the CDC paper, in particular the idea of national curriculum guidelines and their application through school-based curriculum development. The major responses came in the State of Victoria where local circumstances encouraged discussion of the issues raised by the CDC. The study concludes that the CDC discussion paper was a valuable stimulus to discussion of curricular foundations at the time it was released but represented a point of view that was not fully understood or appreciated at the time. It laid the foundation for the renaissance of the general concept as 'democratic curriculum' in 1986 and provides important indications of the potential for the development of the Participation and Equity Program.

L'élongation embryonnaire contrôle la transformation embryonnaire de C. elegans qui passe d'un embryon ovoïde à une larve vermiforme. C'est un modèle idéal pour la dissection de voies de signalisation qui contrôlent la morphogénèse des tissus et l'intégration de ces signaux dans les diverses couches cellulaires. L'élongation peut être divisée en deux parties : l'élongation précoce qui implique la contraction de l'hypoderme, alors que l'élongation tardive implique l'action synergique des muscles et de l'hypoderme. La contraction des filaments d'actines est régulée par le niveau de phosphorylation des chaînes légères de la myosine (mlc-4). Les GTPases Rho sont des protéines de signalisation régulées par l'action de 3 familles protéiques : les « GTPase-activating proteins » (GAPs), les « Guanine nucléotide exchange factors » (GEFs) et les « Guanine nucléotide dissociation inhibitors » (GDI). Les GTPases Rho contrôlent un large éventail de processus biologiques. Il y a trois GTPases Rho qui contrôlent l'élongation de C. elegans. Notre laboratoire a identifié une quatrième GTPase contrôlant l'élongation, CDC-42 et son régulateur, RGA-7. CDC-42 a été associée à la polymérisation de filaments d'actines dans les évènements de polarisation, de migration et de trafic membranaire (Harris KP. et Ulrich Tepass U., 2010). Nos résultats suggèrent que le gène rga-7 coderait pour trois formes protéiques résultant d'une initiation alternative de la transcription et que ces trois protéines seraient impliquées dans le contrôle de l'élongation. La délétion ok1498 induit un phénotype de létalité embryonnaire ayant une pénétrance variant entre 25 et 30%. Cette létalité est le résultat d'hypercontractions dorsales pendant l'élongation. L'activité catalytique du domaine GAP de rga-7 a révélé une affinité élevée pour la GTPases CDC-42 et faible pour les GTPases RHO-1 et MIG-2. Des analyses d'épistasies suggèrent que rga-7 contrôlerait l'activité de cdc-42 ainsi que de ses effecteurs wsp-1 et mrck-1 au cours de l'élongation. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que rga-7 pourrait contrôler la dynamique du recyclage des jonctions adhérentes (cadhérines) comme son orthologue humain probable PARG1, hypothèse que nous testerons lors d'études subséquentes. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : RGA-7, élongation, CDC-42, endocytose, GTPases, signalisation cellulaire, développement embryonnaire, filaments d'actine, jonctions adhérentes.

<p>Establishing an axis of cell polarity is central to cell motility, tissue morphogenesis, and cell proliferation. A highly conserved group of polarity regulators is responsible for organizing a wide variety of polarized morphologies. One of the most widely expressed polarity regulators is the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42. In response to cell cycle cues the budding yeast <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> polarizes Cdc42p to a discrete site on the cell periphery. GTP-Cdc42p recruits a number of effectors that aid in the organization of a polarized actin cytoskeleton. The polarized actin cytoskeleton acts as tracks to facilitate the delivery of the secretory vesicles that will grow the bud, an essential process for an organism that proliferates by budding. We have employed treatment with the actin depolymerizing drugs Latrunculin A and B as well as high-speed timelapse microscopy of fluorescently labeled polarity proteins to characterize the assembly of the incipient bud site. </p><p>Often, ensuring that only a single axis of polarity is established is as important as generating asymmetry in the cell. Even in the absence of positional cues dictating the direction of polarization, many cells are still able to self-organize and establish one, and only one, polarity axis through a process termed symmetry breaking. Symmetry breaking is thought to employ positive feedback to amplify stochastic fluctuations in protein concentration into a larger asymmetry. To test whether singularity could be guaranteed by the amplification mechanism we re-wired yeast to employ a synthetic positive feedback mechanism. The re-wired cells could establish polarity, however they occasionally made two buds simultaneously, suggesting that singularity is guaranteed by the amplification mechanism.</p> / Dissertation

Understanding the extent of infection control measures to be taken to protect immunosuppressed and other types of patients from airborne infection agents during construction is crucial knowledge for both healthcare and construction professionals. The number of aspergillosis-related fatalities due to dust transmission during construction activity has decreased with the improvement of antifungal therapy, however the illness is particularly debilitating and the treatment is not always successful. This experimental work is the first stage in a research program to develop better dust controls for construction at existing medical facilities to reduce the incidence of dust borne fungi, such as Aspergillus spp. To better protect at-risk patients from exposure to Aspergillus spp. and other airborne fungal infections, an experiment was conducted to determine what materials can be used to create a barrier for infection control to moderate particle transmission from the construction area to the treatment area. This study investigated the relationship between construction barriers and particle transmission. A new experimental procedure and equipment simulates the transmission of disturbed dust from construction activity across a barrier. The effective of the barrier is determined from measured particle count on filter. The results show that an effective barrier manufactured from simple and readily available building supplies stops the transmission of 12-micron dust particles under a standard set of conditions. The test provides a simple and cost effective method to compare transmission rates for dust.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [67]-73).