京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第23815号 / 医科博第136号 / 新制||医科||9(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 潤, 教授 遊佐 宏介, 教授 伊藤 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Roberta Maria Rangel.pdf: 1342468 bytes, checksum: 1d2c3d9591757daabd96e130d1de500c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-30 / ABSTRACT The present dissertation investigated the limits of the text of the article 145, II, of the Federal Constitution, in order to narrow the criteria contained there, which are supplied to the political people for the construction of its rule matrices of tributary incidence of police and services taxes. After a brief chronology of the evolution of the tax legal theories in the positive law, Brazilian jurisprudence and doctrine, one concludes that the theory that prevails between us and that is deduced of the article 145, II, of the Federal Constitution is the one of the binding of the incidence hypothesis. This is the theory that supplies the three criteria for the construction of the rule matrices of the taxes by contributors: the criterion of the binding to a state activity; the criterion of the reference to the contributor and the criterion of the direct reference to the contributor. Here it is the positive limitation of the article 145, II, of the Federal Constitution. However, one realized that the same article has a negative limitation, when it does not indicate the content and the form of organization of the State activities contained there: the exercise of police power and the supply or provision of public services. Therefore, tracing a parallel with the norms of tributary legislation competence, from the analysis of the logical structure of the juridical norm, one extracts of the Federal Constitution the norms of administrative and legislative competence, which confer permission to the political people to organize the supply of their administrative activities specially the public services of varied forms, which will withdraw or attract the rule of the remuneration by tax, inserted in the article 145, II, of the Federal Constitution. / A presente dissertação investigou os limites constitucionais da redação do artigo 145, II, da Constituição Federal, buscando precisar os critérios ali contidos e que são fornecidos às pessoas políticas para construção de suas regras-matrizes de incidência tributária das taxas de polícia e das taxas de serviço. Traçou um breve histórico da evolução, no direito positivo, jurisprudência e doutrina brasileiras, das teorias jurídicas da taxa, onde concluiu que a teoria que hoje prevalece entre nós e que é deduzida do artigo 145, II, da Constituição Federal a teoria da vinculabilidade da hipótese de incidência fornece três critérios para construção das regras-matrizes das taxas pelos entes tributantes: o critério da vinculabilidade a uma atividade estatal; o critério da referibilidade ao contribuinte e o critério da referibilidade direta ao contribuinte. Aqui está a limitação positiva do artigo 145, II, da Constituição Federal. Entretanto, percebeu-se que o mesmo artigo tem uma limitação negativa, quando não indica o conteúdo e a forma de organização das atividades estatais ali constantes: exercício do poder de polícia e a prestação ou disponibilização de serviços públicos. Desta forma, traçando-se um paralelo com as normas de competência legislativa tributária, a partir da análise da estrutura lógica da norma jurídica, extraiu-se da Constituição Federal as normas de competência legislativa administrativa, as quais conferem permissão às pessoas políticas para que organizem a prestação de suas atividades administrativas em especial os serviços públicos de variadas formas, o que afastará ou atrairá a regra da remuneração por taxa inserida no artigo 145, II, da Constituição Federal.

The research main goal was to obtain data and analyze the morphology and reproduction of small mammals. Since little data is available, it was analyzed the relation between small mammals body structure (dimensions) and the forest strata. The population variation and its reproduction were analyzed with regard to the season, as well as to its reproductive parameters, such as sexual dimorphism, offspring and testicles size. Although currently the animals are in a museum (UFSM), they were previously captured using 72 pitfalls, which were positioned in three areas. This was done for 5 days every month, from December 2000 to September 2002. External measurements, such as body size, arm, leg, tail, ear, whiskers, toe size and biggest toe, were taken for all species with adequate number of adults. The most frequent species found were the rodents Akodon toba, Calomys cf. callosus, Oecomys bicolor and Oryzomys nitidus. The genders were analyzed separately due to the existing differences in sex. The sizes were then compared through the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) between species. A Discriminant Analysis was performed to verify which morphological variable better explain the difference between the samples. The characteristic that better explained the differences between the species was the tail, which was relatively short for terrestrial species (such as Akodon toba e Calomys cf. callosus) and comparatively long (similar to the body size) for the species Oecomys bicolor e Oryzomys nitidus. The wider foot and longer whiskers for O. bicolor, the bigger toe for O. nitidus, longer tail and toes for both are characteristics which are probably related to their arboreal and scansorial habitat, respectively. These species were more abundant in the warm season and beginning of the cold season, there have not been major differences between males and females. There was, though, a difference between youngsters and adults for A. toba e O. nitidus. Akodon toba had more youngsters in the warm season, while the O. nitidus had it during the cold season. Available resources influenced the reproduction of males and females, as well as the occurrence of young and adults in the population. Callomys cf. callosus presented larger nesting (5.17) while O. bicolor had smaller ones (2.33). Only Callomys cf. callosus presented sexual dimorphism with regard to the body length and tail, with males bigger in size. That shows a promiscuous mating system for these species. The testicles analysis (internal measurement) with reference to the scrotal testes (external measurement) had no difference for these species, but they were bigger for bigger body size for each species. / Visando obter dados a respeito da morfometria e reprodução de pequenos mamíferos neotropicais, devido aos poucos estudos disponíveis, foi analisada a relação das dimensões do corpo com o uso do estrato vertical em uma área de floresta estacional no oeste do Brasil e a variação populacional e reprodutiva em relação à estação climática, bem como seus parâmetros reprodutivos, tais como o dimorfismo sexual, tamanho de prole e tamanho de testículos. Embora os espécimes tenham sido obtidos de museu (UFSM), foram utilizadas 72 armadilhas de queda para a captura de pequenos mamíferos, as quais foram posicionadas em três áreas. As coletas foram realizadas em fases mensais, com cinco dias de duração, de dezembro de 2000 a setembro de 2002. Medidas externas (mm) como tamanho do corpo, braço, perna, cauda, orelha, vibrissas, comprimento e largura do pé e maior dedo foram mensuradas nas espécies com maior número de indivíduos adultos. As espécies mais abundantes foram os roedores Akodon toba, Calomys cf. callosus, Oecomys bicolor e Oryzomys nitidus. Os sexos foram analisados separadamente devido o dimorfismo sexual nas espécies. Estas medidas corporais foram comparadas através da análise de covariância multivariada (MANCOVA) entre as espécies. Uma Análise Discriminante foi feita para verificar quais variáveis morfológicas explicam as diferenças entre os grupos. A característica que melhor explicou as diferenças entre as espécies foi a cauda que se mostrou relativamente curta para espécies reconhecidamente terrestres (Akodon toba e Calomys cf. callosus) e relativamente longa (semelhante ao comprimento do corpo) para as espécies Oecomys bicolor e Oryzomys nitidus. A maior largura do pé e comprimento das vibrissas para O. bicolor, o maior comprimento do pé para O. nitidus, cauda e dedos mais longos para ambas as espécies, são medidas relacionadas provavelmente ao hábito semi-arbóreo e escansorial destas espécies, respectivamente. A abundância de todas as espécies foi maior ao longo da estação quente e início da estação fria, não havendo diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas. Porém, houve diferença para jovens e adultos de A. toba e O. nitidus. Akodon toba apresentou maior número de jovens na estação quente enquanto O. nitidus apresentou na estação fria. Efeitos diretos da disponibilidade de recursos foram relacionados à atividade reprodutiva de machos e fêmeas e à presença de jovens e adultos nas populações. Callomys cf. callosus apresentou maior tamanho de ninhada (5,17) enquanto O. bicolor apresentou menor (2,33). Apenas Calomys cf. callosus apresentou dimorfismo sexual quanto ao comprimento do corpo e cauda, sendo machos maiores em tamanho. Isto indica a presença de um sistema de acasalamento promíscuo para a espécie. A análise dos testículos (medidas internas) em relação aos escrotos (medidas externas) não apresentou diferença para nenhuma das espécies, porém foram maiores quanto maior o tamanho corporal de determinada espécie.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency of investment projects in transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure projects is carried out according to the methodological documents of the Ministry of Transport, the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure and the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic. As changes in methodological procedures have taken place in recent years, the diploma thesis deals with the resulting values of economic efficiency indicators, especially with net present value. The thesis analyzes the basic calculation formula for the evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure, which is an integral part of the evaluation of road projects. There are also described fundamental methodological changes regarding, for example, the calculation of the residual value of the project at the end of the reference period or the change in the discount rate. The changes are applied to a case study of a specific section of the Czech transport industry. It evaluates their impact on the final value of the critical indicator of economic efficiency, which is the net present value.

The work deals with the measurement of CV characteristics of photovoltaic cells and the consequent derivation of the free / bound charge in the volume. It also discusses factors that influence these measurements.

The master thesis deals with designs of the single-ended and the fully-differential secondorder frequency filters with adjustable parameters. This filters operate in the current mode where main element is the current amplifier DACA (Digitally Adjustable Current Amplifier). The first part describes basic behaviour of frequency filters and distribution according to filter funcion, used parts and structure. The second part of thesis describes the design of the frequency filters by the M-C signal-flow graphs and the transformating single-ended structures to the fully-differential forms. The next part deals with properties of the active elements and their simulation models. The following part describe six circuits of the frequency filters with adjustable parameters and their simulations. Four simulation models with different properties were used for simulating of the DACA in the each circuits. The last part deals with the practical design and measurement of the selected frequency filters.

This master’s thesis deals with designing of fully-differential current-mode frequency filters using signal-flow graphs method. The first part is focused on a general description of frequency filters, its function and division. Active elements that create these frequency filters, such as multi-output current follower (MO-CF), balanced or multi-output transconductance amplifier (BOTA, MOTA) and digitally adjustace current amplifier (DACA) are described in the following part. Next, problems and various techniques of designing such filters are discussed on a theoretic basis. In the remaining part of the thesis there are six circuits of frequency filters described in detail; these connections are then transferred of passive elements to a proposed connections, with the assistance of a so-called reflection. Calculations of passive form are stated, as well as results of simulations, where nondifferential and differential variations of these designed frequency filters are compared. Finaly, it has been selected some variants of designs, which has been manufactured, then measured out and resulet has been compare between each other.

This diploma thesis is concentrated to fully differential and non-differential fractional-order filters with active elements. It describes how we can obtain fractional-order fully-differential filters design from non-differential design, thesis describes realization in OrCad program and simulation of this project. The first part of the thesis concerns theoretical analysis of frequency filters, active elements and fractional-order filters. The second part of the thesis includes designs of filters and simulations of differential structures and rest of non-differential structures simulation. The following part of the thesis concerns practical realization and experimental measurment of differential fractional-order filter. In the last part of this project, thesis evaluates all results which were revealed in our simulations and experimental measurment.

[pt] A desarticulação da segurança pública no artigo 144 da Constituição Federal e seus reflexos nas polícias civis e militares: uma análise do estado de Minas Gerais investiga como o sistema constitucional adotado pelo Brasil paralisa e engessa os órgãos de segurança, principalmente as polícias civis e militares, trazendo efeitos nefastos para a sociedade. Pretende-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: em que medida o organograma constitucional influencia os órgãos de segurança, com ênfase nas polícias militares e civis, na prestação de suas atividades fins? Acredita-se, como hipótese, que ao adotar um sistema de polícia dicotômico para os estados - somente utilizado em três países do mundo -, a CF/88 engessou o trabalho policial, fazendo com que haja perdas de informações, retrabalhos, atritos institucionais, brigas por competências, entre outros problemas. No atual modelo, cada polícia faz uma parte do serviço. Ocorre que, a soma destes trabalhos acaba não perfazendo o todo. Não suficiente, o constituinte não articulou banco de dados criminais nem deu à União uma força de manobra para os casos de greves e/ou falência dos órgãos estaduais. / [en] The disarticulation of public security in article 144 of the Federal Constitution and its effects on the civil and military police: an analysis of the state of Minas Gerais investigates how the constitutional system adopted by Brazil paralyzes and stifles the security organs, mainly as civil police and military, bringing disastrous effects to society. It is intended to answer the following question: to what extent does the constitutional organization chart influence the security agencies, with an emphasis on the military and civil police, in the provision of their final activities? It is believed, as a hypothesis, that by adopting a dichotomous police system for the states - only used in three countries in the world -, the CF / 88 froze police work, causing loss of information, rework, institutional friction , fights over competences, among other problems. In the current model, each police is part of the service. It turns out that the sum of these works ends up not making up the whole. Not enough, the constituent did not articulate criminal database nor gave the Union a maneuvering force in cases of strikes and / or bankruptcy of state agencies.

No description available.