Les processus de globalisation, régionalisation et décentralisation ont eu des effets sur les dynamiques locales, nationales et internationales, provoquant une participation plus élevée des entités subétatiques sur la scène internationale. Cette action, pouvant être encouragée par l'incapacité du gouvernement central à satisfaire les intérêts des autorités locales sur la scène nationale et internationale, ainsi que par divers éléments politico-administratifs, culturels et économiques, est devenue un phénomène prenant de plus en plus d'ampleur et de reconnaissance. Elle s'est constituée comme une initiative se déployant non seulement sur le continent européen mais aussi sur d'autres zones géographiques, comme l'Amérique latine. Ces actions ont atteint une portée et un intérêt à des dynamiques non seulement régionales mais aussi mondiales, en faveur des intérêts de l'échelle locale. Dans ce volet international, les collectivités territoriales ont projeté, d'une part, à travers des différents outils (individuels et/ou collectifs), des actions stratégiques contribuant à leur développement local et, d'autre part, des actions leur permettant de coopérer et de conquérir des espaces significatifs sur des scènes supérieures, ainsi que de se consolider comme des acteurs incontournables dans des processus et sur des scènes régionales et mondiales importants. Cette insertion des gouvernements non centraux sur la scène internationale, accompagnée de la mise en valeur de l'échelle locale, de l'ouverture d'espaces et d'une évolution du discours international concernant leur rôle dans les problématiques mondiales, régionales et nationales, est un élément permettant de designer le début d'un changement du paysage du système international. Ce travail étudie l'émergence des nouveaux acteurs sur la scène internationale et particulièrement la projection internationale des gouvernements locaux sur cette arène. Dans ce contexte, nous avons également identifié le processus d'engagement et de mise en place de ce type d'actions par des villes de différentes parties du monde, notamment, les activités développées par Barcelone, en Espagne, et Medellín, en Colombie. De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés à la reconnaissance et l'insertion des collectivités territoriales à des structures supérieures dans des cadres régionaux et mondiaux, comme le Mercosur et l'ONU. Ceci a été réalisé, en partie, à travers d'une action collective de villes et d'une organisation réticulaire, comme les réseaux Mercociudades et CGLU. / The processes of globalization, regionalization and decentralization have created different effects on local dynamics, national and international, causing a higher participation of sub-state entities in the international arena. This action, which may be encouraged by the central government's inability to meet the interests of local authorities on the national and international scene, as well as various political and administrative elements, cultural and economic, has become a phenomenon increasingly taken with greater importance and recognition. This has established an initiative that has spread not only on the European continent but also other geographical areas, such as Latin America. These actions have achieved great traction and interest in a dynamic regarding not only regional but also global in the interests of the local sphere. In this international front, local authorities have projected, on the one hand, through different tools (individual and / or collective), strategic actions contributing to local development, on the other hand, actions that allow them to cooperate and conquer significant spaces on top scenes and consolidated as essential players in processes and important regional and global scenes. This inclusion of non-central governments on the international scene, accompanied by the appreciation of the local sphere, the opening of spaces and an evolution of the international discourse about their role in global issues, regional and national, is an element to project the beginning of a change in the landscape of the international system. This paper studies the emergence of new actors on the international scene and particularly the international influence of local governments on this arena. In this context, we have also identified the process of commitment and implementation of such actions by cities around the world, particularly the activities of Barcelona in Spain, and Medellín in Colombia . Additionally, we have been concerned about the recognition and inclusion of local government in higher structures within regional and global frameworks, such as Mercosur and the UN. This has been done, in part, through the collective action of cities and a network organization, such as networks of Mercociudades and UCLG.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar se a cooperação internacional descentralizada via redes de articulação institucional de cidades traz impactos nas políticas locais de direitos humanos. Para isso, foi realizado estudo de caso específico sobre a relação da rede Cidades e Governos Locais Unidos (CGLU) - e sua Comissão de Inclusão Social, Democracia Participativa e Direitos Humanos (CISDPDH) - com a Prefeitura de São Paulo (PMSP) - e sua Secretaria Municipal de Direitos Humanos e Cidadania (SMDHC) -, durante a gestão do Prefeito Fernando Haddad (2013-2016). O estudo foi elaborado tanto por meio da revisão bibliográfica sobre ação internacional de governos locais, cooperação descentralizada, redes de cidades e direitos humanos nas cidades, como pela análise de relatórios e documentos da CGLU e da PMSP e entrevistas com atores-chave. Verificou-se, então, que a CGLU não tem como foco de sua atuação a cooperação descentralizada em si, mas o advocacy pela incidência dos governos locais na arena internacional. Esse perfil é então refletido nas atividades de sua Comissão de Direitos Humanos, que ficam centradas também ao advocacy, sobretudo, de agendas ligadas ao direito à cidade. Assim, não são evidentes os efeitos concretos e diretos que a participação na CGLU pode trazer de fato às políticas públicas de suas cidades-membro. No que diz respeito à Prefeitura de São Paulo, verificou-se que, a partir da retomada de adesão à CGLU esperava-se seu protagonismo político na rede, o que não ocorreu. Como a CGLU mostrou ser uma rede essencialmente política, a baixa atuação de uma cidade-membro neste aspecto, como foi a de São Paulo, acabou por limitar ainda mais os próprios benefícios que a PMSP poderia apreender de sua participação na rede, reduzindo-se também as possibilidades de haver algum impacto significativo em sua política pública municipal de direitos humanos. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze whether decentralized international cooperation through networks of institutional articulation of cities has impacts on local human rights policies. For that, a specific case study was carried out on the relationship between the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) network - and its Committee on Social Inclusion, Participatory Democracy and Human Rights (CISDPDH) - and São Paulo City Hall (PMSP) - and its Municipal Secretariat for Human Rights and Citizenship (SMDHC) -, during the administration of Mayor Fernando Haddad (2013-2016). The research was developed through the bibliographic review on international action of local governments, decentralized cooperation, city networks and human rights in the cities; as well as through the analysis of UCLG\'s and PMSP\'s reports and documents and also interviews with key actors. It was then verified that UCLG does not focus its action on decentralized cooperation itself, but on advocacy for the incidence of local governments in the international arena. This profile is then reflected in the activities of its Human Rights Committee, which are also focused on the advocacy, mainly of agendas related to the right to the city. Thus, the concrete and direct effects that participation in UCLG can actually bring to the public policies of its member cities are not evident. With regard to São Paulo City Hall, it was verified that, since the resumption of its adhesion to UCLG, it was expected its political protagonism in the network, which did not actually occurred. As UCLG proved to be, in essence, a political network, the low performance of a member city in this respect, such as it was São Paulo\'s, ended up limiting even more the benefits that PMSP could have from its participation in the network, also reducing the possibilities of having some significant impact on its municipal public policy of human rights.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar se a cooperação internacional descentralizada via redes de articulação institucional de cidades traz impactos nas políticas locais de direitos humanos. Para isso, foi realizado estudo de caso específico sobre a relação da rede Cidades e Governos Locais Unidos (CGLU) - e sua Comissão de Inclusão Social, Democracia Participativa e Direitos Humanos (CISDPDH) - com a Prefeitura de São Paulo (PMSP) - e sua Secretaria Municipal de Direitos Humanos e Cidadania (SMDHC) -, durante a gestão do Prefeito Fernando Haddad (2013-2016). O estudo foi elaborado tanto por meio da revisão bibliográfica sobre ação internacional de governos locais, cooperação descentralizada, redes de cidades e direitos humanos nas cidades, como pela análise de relatórios e documentos da CGLU e da PMSP e entrevistas com atores-chave. Verificou-se, então, que a CGLU não tem como foco de sua atuação a cooperação descentralizada em si, mas o advocacy pela incidência dos governos locais na arena internacional. Esse perfil é então refletido nas atividades de sua Comissão de Direitos Humanos, que ficam centradas também ao advocacy, sobretudo, de agendas ligadas ao direito à cidade. Assim, não são evidentes os efeitos concretos e diretos que a participação na CGLU pode trazer de fato às políticas públicas de suas cidades-membro. No que diz respeito à Prefeitura de São Paulo, verificou-se que, a partir da retomada de adesão à CGLU esperava-se seu protagonismo político na rede, o que não ocorreu. Como a CGLU mostrou ser uma rede essencialmente política, a baixa atuação de uma cidade-membro neste aspecto, como foi a de São Paulo, acabou por limitar ainda mais os próprios benefícios que a PMSP poderia apreender de sua participação na rede, reduzindo-se também as possibilidades de haver algum impacto significativo em sua política pública municipal de direitos humanos. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze whether decentralized international cooperation through networks of institutional articulation of cities has impacts on local human rights policies. For that, a specific case study was carried out on the relationship between the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) network - and its Committee on Social Inclusion, Participatory Democracy and Human Rights (CISDPDH) - and São Paulo City Hall (PMSP) - and its Municipal Secretariat for Human Rights and Citizenship (SMDHC) -, during the administration of Mayor Fernando Haddad (2013-2016). The research was developed through the bibliographic review on international action of local governments, decentralized cooperation, city networks and human rights in the cities; as well as through the analysis of UCLG\'s and PMSP\'s reports and documents and also interviews with key actors. It was then verified that UCLG does not focus its action on decentralized cooperation itself, but on advocacy for the incidence of local governments in the international arena. This profile is then reflected in the activities of its Human Rights Committee, which are also focused on the advocacy, mainly of agendas related to the right to the city. Thus, the concrete and direct effects that participation in UCLG can actually bring to the public policies of its member cities are not evident. With regard to São Paulo City Hall, it was verified that, since the resumption of its adhesion to UCLG, it was expected its political protagonism in the network, which did not actually occurred. As UCLG proved to be, in essence, a political network, the low performance of a member city in this respect, such as it was São Paulo\'s, ended up limiting even more the benefits that PMSP could have from its participation in the network, also reducing the possibilities of having some significant impact on its municipal public policy of human rights.