Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_fh_me_bauru.pdf: 1982546 bytes, checksum: 15b6a38acd8095d65ad09905b4776428 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nas aplicações em engenharia existem várias situações onde é necessário o uso de vibrações em certas partes de um sistema mecânico, criadas a partir de transição brusca de um parâmetro do sistema, como por exemplo, em máquinas perfuratrizes de solo na exploração de petróleo onde a condição de impacto na interação-rolha facilita a penetração no solo. Os sistemas mecânicos submetidos a esse forma de excitação são chamados em geral de mecanismos tipo Vibro-Impacto. Nesta dissertação, faz-se a análise da dinâmica de um sistema mecânico Vibro-Impacto de dois graus de liberdade composto por dois blocos de massas diferentes acoplados por uma rigidez (mola) de dois estágios. Dois modelos não-lineares foram utilizados para representar o sistema estudado: o primeiro é excitado de maneira ideal, sob a forma de uma força harmônica e o segundo, de maneira não-ideal sob a forma de um rotor desbalanceado acionado por um motor elétrico de corrente contínua. A dinâmica do sistema é modelada considerando duas situações distintas: sem a condição de impacto e com a condição de impacto, de acordo com a relação entre o deslocamento e a folga no sistema. Foram analisados os resultados das simulações numéricas através dos históricos no tempo, retratos de fase, diagramas de bifurcações, mapas de Poincaré e espectros de frequencias. Observaram-se as velocidades de avanço do sistema, as taxas de transferência de energia, e as forças durante as transições bruscas da rigidez (condição tipo impacto) entre as massas, determinando-se as faixas dos parâmetros com comportamentos periódicos e caóticos assim como a ocorrência do Efeito Sommerfeld. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o mecanismo tipo Vibro-Impacto analisado possui maior velocidade de avanço e maior força em determinada frequencia de excitação onde o movimento apresenta-se no regime caótico / In engineering aplications there are several situations in which it is necessary to use vibrations in certain elements of a mechanical system, created with an abrupt transition from one system parameter, such as soil drilling machines in oil exploration where the impact condition on the drill-rock interaction enhances penetration into soil. Mechanical systems subjected to this form of excitation are called in general mechanisms of vibro-impact type. This dissertation makes the analysis of the dynamics of a the dynamics of a Vibro-Impact mechanical system of two degrees of freedom comprised of two blocks with different masses coupled by a two-stage stiffness (spring). Two nonlinear models are used to represent the studied system: the first uses an ideal excitation in the form of a harmonic force, and the second uses a non-ideal excitation in the form of a unbalanced rotor driven by a direct current electric motor. The dynamics of the system is modeled by considering two different situations: without impact and with impact, according to the relationship between the displacement and the gap in the system. The results of numerical simulations were analyzed with the time histories, phase portraits, bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map and spectra of frequencies. Velocities of the system, the rate of energy transfer, and forces during abrupt transitions in stiffneess (impact type condition) between the masses were observed, determining the ranges of parameters with periodic and chaotic behavior as well as the occurrence of the Sommerfeld effect. From the results it was possible to conclude that the analysed Vibro-Impact mechanism has a larger progress velocity and larger forces in a given excitation frequency where the movement presents itself in the chaotic regime

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 30947 bytes, checksum: f3ad8c83ce0b37705512036923795354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we investigate the dynamical behavior of two dynamical systems: (i) a symmetric linear coupling of three quadratic maps, and (ii) the generalized Lorenz equations obtained by Stenflo. For the discrete-time system represented by the coupling of three quadratic maps, we study the emergence of quasiperiodic states arising from Naimark-Sacker bifurcations of stable periodic orbits pertaining to 1×2n cascade, in particular period-1 and period-2 orbits. We also study the change in the structure of the basin of attraction of the chaotic attractors, in the neighborhood of chaos-hyperchaos transition. For the continuous-time system represented by the Lorenz-Stenflo equations, we analytically investigate, by using Routh-Hurwitz Test, the stability of three fixed points, although without explicit solution of the eigenvalue equation. We determine the precise location where pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations of the fixed points occur, as a function of the parameters of the system. Lyapunov exponents, parameter-space and phase-space portraits, and bifurcation diagrams were used to numerically characterize periodic and chaotic attractors in both systems. / Neste trabalho investigamos o comportamento de dois sistemas dinâmicos (i) Um acoplamento linear simetrico de três mapas quadraticos, e (ii) as equações eneralizadas de Lorenz, obtidas por Stenfio Para o sistema discreto, representado elo acoplamento linear dos três mapas quadraticos, estudamos a emergência de tados quase-periodicos, surgindo da bifurcação de Naimark-Sacker, a partir de uma bita estavel pertencendo a cascata 1 x 2n em particular orbitas de periodo um e eriodo dois Tambem estudamos a mudança na estrutura das bacias de atração do rator caotico, na vizinhança da transição caos-hipercaos Para o sistema de tempo ntínuo representado pelas equações de Lorenz-Stenflo, investigamos analiticamente elo método de Routh-Hurwitz, a estabilidade dos três pontos de equilíbrio, mas sem solução explicita da equação de autovalores. Determinamos a localização precisa de as bifurcações do tipo forquilha e Hopf acontecem, a partir dos pontos de uilíbrio, como uma função dos parâmetros do sistema. Expoentes de Lyapunov, agramas no espaço de parâmetros e espaço de fase e diagramas de bifurcação foram ilizados para caracterizar numericamente os atratores periódicos e caóticos em ibos os sistemas

No description available.

abstract: This study drew upon a bioecological framework to empirically investigate the relations between environmental chaos and preschoolers' language across time, including the potentially mediating roles of children's effortful control and parenting. Child sex also was examined as a moderator of these relations. For this study, the following data were collected at 30, 42, and 54 months of age. Household chaos and (at 30 months) socioeconomic status (SES) were reported by mothers. Children's effortful control (EC) was rated by mothers and nonparental caregivers, and was observed during a number of laboratory tasks. Maternal vocalizations were assessed during free play sessions with their children (at 30 and 42 months), and supportive and unsupportive parenting behaviors and affect were observed during free play and teaching tasks at each age. Mothers also reported on their own reactions to children's negative emotions. Finally, (at 54 months) children's expressive and receptive language was measured with a standard assessment. Structural equation modeling and path analyses indicated that SES at 30 months and greater levels of household chaos at 42 months predicted not only poorer language skills, but also deficits in children's EC and less supportive parenting in low-income mothers at 54 months, even when controlling for stability in these constructs. Children's effortful control at 42 months, but not parenting, positively predicted later language, suggesting that EC may play a mediating role in the relations between household chaos, as well as SES, and preschoolers' language abilities. Child sex did not moderate the pattern of relations. Post-hoc analyses also indicated that the negative relation between chaos and language was significant only for children who had low EC at 42 months. This study represents a much-needed addition to the currently limited longitudinal research examining environmental chaos and children's developmental outcomes. Importantly, findings from this study elucidate an important process underlying the links between chaos and children's language development, which can inform interventions and policies designed to support families and children living in chaotic home environments. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Family and Human Development 2012

Crisis communication has been widely researched for an economic purpose, with the focus on preventing damage to a corporation’s reputation or the restoration of a politician’s image. Additionally, crisis communication also found its utility for natural hazards as well as for terrorist attacks. However, identified as being a research gap, this thesis focuses on studying the prepared crisis communication of mega-event and festival organizations in case of a serious incident. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the area of crisis communication in the way that it focuses on the process of preparing for a possible crisis with the creation of effective communication manuals, action plans, etc. rather than investigating the post-crisis communication. Through using the uncertainty reduction theory and the chaos theory, it is possible to investigate the internal crisis management processes of organizers that go beyond protecting its reputation, but focus more on saving human lives as uncertainty and chaos get reduced. A deductive approach was taken through conducting interviews and carrying out a thematic analysis of written documentary sources, such as manuals and action plans, as well as the transcripts. In general, one can say that the awareness about the importance of a crisis management and communication plan rises. Regular trainings and a constant collaboration with external partners, such as the blue light organizations, are seen as central to the emergency planning process. Moreover, to guarantee an effective crisis communication, often smaller task groups within the crisis management team are in charge of instructional crisis communication. Knowledge about different threat-scenarios and functions of external specialists reduces uncertainty and supports actions to reduce chaos. This thesis and its findings have a societal relevance, in the sense that it allows a wider and deeper understanding of crisis communication in an area of application that does not seem to be very common. Through insights into the crisis management process of the different event- and festival organizations, one can become active today and threats to human lives can be minimized or even avoided in the future.

Nas últimas décadas uma considerável parcela das pesquisas nas áreas de Física e Matemática tem sido dedicada ao estudo de fenômenos não lineares. Uma possível explicação para isso foi o rápido desenvolvimento de sistemas computacionais, tanto em nível de hardware quanta em nível de software, algoritmos e técnicas de programação que propiciaram ao homem maiores facilidades no tratamento de sistemas não lineares, o que levou a um maior grau de entendimento de sua complexidade. Geralmente, aos sistemas não lineares esta associada uma geometria irregular, onde comum o aparecimento de regimes caóticos, com um conjunto atrator de órbitas cuja dimensão não é um inteiro positivo, mas sim um número real positivo. Por esta razão, tais atratores, são denominados estranhos e ditos possuírem uma geometria fractal. É possível, através de métodos cuidadosamente desenvolvidos, estimar-se as dimensões associadas à dinâmica de séries temporais. Uma das séries de maior dificuldade de análise através do computador, e de particular interesse na medicina, são as séries de sons pulmonares humanos. Desde quando o estetoscópio foi inventado até os dias de hoje não há uma ferramenta plenamente confiável para a análise destas séries. Recentemente, temos trabalhado com estas séries e verificamos que há uma geometria fractal. Esta tese propõe a utilização da análise não-linear para identificação de padrões sonoros. Além da geometria fractal, a análise por wavelets tem sido utilizada no estudo de sinais complexos, sobretudo naqueles que apresentam estruturas fractais. O conjunto de filtros construído através da translação, expansão ou compressão de uma função wavelet mãe tem uma estrutura auto-similar, mostrando-se particularmente apropriado para a verificação da auto similaridade dos sons. A técnica da estimativa dos expoentes de Lyapunov dependente do tempo, a qual e desenvolvida na tese, tem se mostrado bastante adequada para identificação de padrões sonoros de origem pulmonar. / It has been observed that in the last decades, considerable amount of the research in the areas of Physics and Mathematics have been dedicated to the study of nonlinear phenomena. A possible explanation for this fact is the fast development of computational systems occurring in the level of the hardware as in computer languages, algorithms and programming techniques. These developments propitiated to the researchers a broader contact with nonlinear systems, which led to a better understanding of their complexity. In general, for nonlinear systems an irregular geometry is associated, where the appearance of chaotic regimes has an associated attractor set of orbits whose dimension is not a positive integer number, but a real one. Such attractors are called strange and said to possess fractal geometry. It is possible, through carefully developed methods, to estimate the dimension associated to the dynamics of time series. One of the series with high difficulty to be analyzed through a computer and of particular interest in medicine, is the time series generated out of human pulmonary sounds. Since the creation of the stethoscope, there is not yet a fully trustworthy tool for the lung sound analysis. Recently, we have studied these series and verified that they have a fractal geometry nature. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate non-linear analysis as a tool for pattern recognition in lung sounds. In addition to fractal geometry, the wavelet analysis has been used in the study of complex signs, in particular for those presenting a fractal structure. The set of filters constructed through the translation, expansion or compression of a function wavelet mother has an auto-similar structure, being particularly useful for the verification of self similarity of pulmonary sounds. The largest time dependent Lyapunov exponent estimation technique that has been proposed in this thesis has shown a high degree of confidence for the identification of lung sound patterns.

In this work we model the interaction of the immune response with a target population. The model consists in a set of two coupled nonlinear differential equations with delay. We show that the stationary solution becomes unstable above a critical delay time of the immune response. We show that, under certain conditions, increasing the delay time induces a series of bifurcations leading to chaos. We obtain the characteristic exponents of this bifurcation and the critical dynamics. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Neste trabalho analisamos um modelo da interação do sistema imune com uma dada população alvo de agentes infecciosos. O modelo é descrito por um conjunto de duas equações diferenciais não-lineares acopladas com retardo. Observamos que as soluções estacionárias tornam-se instáveis acima de um retardo crítico. Mostramos que, sob certas condições, o aumento no retardo induz uma série de bifurcações que levam ao caos. Os expoentes que caracterizam este ponto de bifurcação bem como a dinâmica crítica são obtidos.

No description available.

This project examines the role played by chaos in shaping and defining the translation activity in a non-hegemonic context, with a focus on literary translation. Based on English-language U.S. and Canadian contemporary poetry translation into Romanian between 1960 and 2017, it challenges the ‘major’ vs. ‘minor’ dichotomy and moves to show that a transnational framework and a networked understanding of translator agency are much better suited to account for the complexity of a translation sociography. Acknowledging a necessary shift that draws on an economy of attention more than on an economy of production (Cronin 2016), as well as on Michael Cronin’s politics of microspection and on Kobus Marais’ paradigm of complexity (2014), my work takes distance from the Bourdieusian dynamics of power that has prevailed in translation studies since the late 1990s and favors a network approach that accounts for disruption, decentralization, and voids. This dissertation seeks to acknowledge the role played by chance, chaos, and self-regulation in shaping the activity of literary translation through the deployment of a mathematical model that has been at the core of Web 2.0 since its very inception. In doing so, my research sets out to complement Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory with the mathematical notions of network and network of networks. I endeavor to explore the webs of connectivity as they appear in real-life contemporary poetry translator networks with the purpose of potentially laying the groundwork for a possible redefinition of translation across society and media of circulation. Translation can be conceived, I propose, as an act that is essentially, simultaneously and irreducibly linguistic, cultural, and social, but also individual and collective, material and virtual, online and offline. Under these circumstances, I conclude that a critical re-examination of translation studies in micromodernity through a Digital Humanities lens becomes necessary, if not imperative.

Numerous mechanical systems contain surfaces in partial or full sliding contact, and therefore, prone to friction-induced vibration instability. These include systems containing mechanical switches, brakes, clutches, gears, rolling contact bearings, journal bearings, robot end-effector grasp and motion, oil drills, etc. The prominent dynamic features of a mechanical system, subject to friction-induced vibration, can be captured by an appropriate equivalent mass-on-belt model. It is the goal of this research to provide a comprehensive study of friction-induced vibrations in mechanical systems by using their equivalent mass-on-belt models. Friction-induced vibration is manifested through three mechanisms termed Stribeck effect, mode-coupling and sprag-slip. Mechanical systems prone to vibrations by one or more of the three mechanisms of instability are considered and studied in detail. The mechanical systems fall into one of two groups. A system in the first group is the pseudo-rigid-body mass-on-belt representation of a compliant bistable linkage mechanism characterized by substantial geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear elasticity. A system in the second group is a mass-on-belt model that accounts for mass-belt contact stiffness. Such a system is excited primarily through mode coupling. In the first group of mechanical systems super and subcritical pitchfork bifurcation as well as Hopf bifurcation are observed. The normal force and spring pre-compression are bifurcation parameters leading to the subcritical pitchfork bifurcation and the belt velocity corresponds to the Hopf bifurcation. It is found that for a low damping and negligible spring nonlinearity, one equilibrium point dominates the steady-state response. Otherwise, the phase plane is split into two separate planes associated with the corresponding fixed point. The boundary is dictated by structural damping and spring nonlinearity. It is shown that the destabilizing mechanism in the bistable mechanisms is the Stribeck effect of friction. The dominant mode of instability for the second group of mechanical system is mode coupling instability. In this group intermittent loss of contact between the mass and the moving belt within a periodic cycle is allowed. Addition of a vibration absorber consisting of a second mass suspended from the first mass by a spring provides effective passive control of friction-induced instability due to mode-coupling. The research concludes with the study of a two mass system in which both masses are in contact with a belt and the friction force is characterized by the three regimes of lubricated contact that include boundary lubrication, mixed boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication and full hydrodynamic lubrication as sliding speed is increased. It is shown that such systems can experience periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibration response.