The response of three Eucalyptus spp. clones (GC550, GU210 and TAG14) to water availability was assessed in terms of growth, plant water status, leaf gas exchange, whole plant hydraulic characteristics (both root and shoot), stem xylem vulnerability. Furthermore, to experimentally assess the influence of hydraulic conductance on leaf physiology and plant growth, specimens of two of the clones were subjected to long-term root chilling. Prior to harvesting data were collected on the diurnal variation in leaf water potential (ΨL), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and net CO2 assimilation rate (A). Main stem xylem vulnerability was assessed using ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAE). Vulnerability of the main stem was assessed as the leaf water potential corresponding to the maximum rate of acoustic emissions (ΨL, EPHmax), and as the critical water potential triggering cavitation events, calculated as the mean of the water potentials of data points lying between 5 and 10% of the total accumulated emissions (ΨCAV,cUAE,%). Hydraulic conductance was measured on roots and shoots using the high-pressure flow meter (HPFM). Root data were expressed per unit root dry mass (Kr/trdw) and per unit leaf areas (Kr/LA), shoot data expressed per unit shoot dry mass (Ks/tsdw) and per unit leaf area (Ks/LA), and whole plant conductance was expressed per unit leaf area (KP/LA). Soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance was also assessed as the inverse of the slope of the relationship between leaf water potential and transpiration rate (the evaporative flux, EF, method). A field study was undertaken on three month old TAGl4 and GU210 plants. Diurnal values of leaf water potential ΨL, E and gs were consistently higher in TAG14 than GU210, but A did not differ among the clones. Main stem xylem vulnerability (ΨCAV, cUAE,%) was higher in TAG14 than GU210. In both clones midday ΨL fell below ΨcAv,cUAE,%, suggesting lack of stomatal control of xylem cavitation. Kr/LA was higher in TAGl4 than GU210, whereas, Ks/LA and Ks/tsdw was higher in GU210 than TAGI4. A greater proportion of hydraulic resistances resided in the roots, particularly in GU210. Kp/LA was higher in TAGl4 than GU210 clone, although the significance was marginal (P=0.089). However, all the physiological measurements, were consistent with the concept of higher hydraulic conductances in TAGl4 leading to lower leaf level water stress. Above ground biomass was higher in TAG14 than GU210, in agreement with this concept, although this clone was more vulnerable than GU210. Material grown for 14 months in 25 l pots clones showed no differences in ΨSoil between the high and low watering supply, indicating that even the 'high' supply was inadequate to prevent water stress. In accordance with this, diurnal values of ΨL, gs, E and A did not differ significantly between treatments and clones. Early stomatal closure was apparent, maintaining ΨL constant during the middle of the day. Stem xylem vulnerability, assessed as both ΨL,EPHrnax and ΨCAV,cUAE,% showed that the main stem of GC550 was more vulnerable than other two clones, and that low watered plants were more resistant to xylem cavitation than those receiving high water. Midday ΨL fell below the vulnerability values assessed by both measures across treatments and clones, suggesting lack of stomatal control preventing stem xylem cavitation. There was no relationship between stem xylem cavitation and the shoot hydraulic conductances. Root pressures did not differ between either treatment or clones. Kr/LA was marginally higher in high watered plants, and Ks/LA and Ks/tsdw were higher in low watered plants, possibly by adjustment of leaf hydraulic architecture, and there were no clonal differences. Kr/LA was much lower than Ks/LA. Kp/LA did not differ between the watering treatment, but there was a clonal effect. Growth in dry mass was higher in high watered than low watered plants, but there were no differences among clones. As KP/LA was not affected by watering treatment there was no relationship between KP/LA and growth in total biomass. In plants grown for 21 months in 85 l pots low water treatment decreased midday ΨL, gs, E and A relative to high watered plants. Interclonal differences occurred at midday. Stem xylem vulnerability assessed as ΨCAV,cUAE,% and as ΨL,EPHrnax show similar trends as in the 14 months saplings, clonal differences being significant in ΨL, EPHmax. There was a 1:1 relationship between minimum leaf water potential and ΨL, EPHmax, suggesting that the water potential developed was limited by stem vulnerability. This implies stomatal control to reduce transpiration rates to prevent extensive cavitation occurring. These plants did not develop positive root pressures, indicating that recovery from xylem cavitations occurred through some other process. Kr/LA was higher in high watered plants than those receiving low water, and clonal differences were observed in Kr/trdw. There was no treatment effect in KS/LA and KS/tsdw, but a clonal effect was apparent. KP/LA was significantly different between treatment, and was reduced by low water in two clones, and increased by this in TAGI4. Reduced water availability reduced biomass production, with a greater effect on roots than shoots, such that low watering reduced root:shoot ratios. There was a weak but significant relationship between whole plant hydraulic conductance and maximum stomatal conductance, and between plant conductance and total biomass produced; these data are consistent with the concept of some hydraulic limitation to growth. Root chilling (achieved through chilling the soil) of two of the clones was used to experimentally manipulate hydraulic conductance to test the hydraulic limitation hypothesis. Short-term root chilling decreased both Kr/LA and KP/LA in both clones, but had marginal effects on leaf gas exchange. With long-term chilling the decrease in Kr/LA was observed only in GU210, with TAGl4 showing some adjustment to the treatment. As the roots constitute the major hydraulic resistance, KP/LA largely reflected those of the roots. Long-term root chilling significantly affected leaf physiological characteristics, despite the lack of effect on hydraulic conductance in TAGI4. Long term chilling decreased the whole plant dry mass, but the effect was smaller in TAGI4, and this clone also showed morphological adjustment, in that root growth was less adversely affected than shoot growth. The data from GU210 support the hydraulic limitation hypothesis; because of the morphological and physiological adjustment to long-term root chilling in TAGI4, the data are unsuitable to directly assess the hypothesis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Bibliography: leaves 94-108. / xi, 108, [88] leaves, [28] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The aim of this study is to characterize plastid DNA sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes. It is concluded that integrated within the tobacco nuclear genome are multiple copies of large (ie. in excess of 18 kbp), contigous fracts of plastid DNA. The presence of large tracts of plastid DNA in the tobacco nuclear genome contrasts the arrangement of such sequences in the nuclear genomes of other studied plant species. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Genetics, 1993

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146)

CYSNE, Alex Queiroz. Epidemiologia comparativa da resinose (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) do cajueiro em pomares comerciais o semi-árido nordestino. 2009. 69f. Dissertação(Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia)- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by Maria Naires Souza (marianaires@ufc.br) on 2011-12-13T20:04:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Nascimento(vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-12-19T14:49:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-19T14:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Presently, a cashew disease known as gummosis, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, deserves special attention due to its infection to branches and trunks of woody plants imposing significantly reduction in nut yield. As the importance of disease increases, it becomes of fundamental importance the development of epidemiological studies to understand the ecological aspects involved on disease establishment and progress. This work aimed to study gummosis dynamics in time and space in three different clones of cashew. Patterns of dispersion in space and disease progress on time, as well as the components involved on these models such as disease progress curve, maximum disease intensity, area under the disease progress curve and the point of initial disease were studied analyzed in order to compare epidemics in the three clones with different disease reactions. The study was conducted in a commercial cashew farm in Pio IX district in Piaui state, Brazil. Gummosis incidence and severity data of collected from 2002 to 2007 were used for both time and space analyses for BRS 226, Embrapa 51 and Faga 11 clones. Disregarding differences in disease occurrence and severity among clones, a random pattern of dispersion was observed at the beginning of the epidemic followed by the development of new foci and expansion of original foci. Later, a clustered pattern was observed. Clones showed different fitness to epidemic models accordingly with their degree of susceptibility. Comparison of epidemics based on their components have shown significant differences among clones, providing evidence for the potential use of host resistance as a means of gummosis control. / Atualmente, a doença conhecida como resinose, causada pelo fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae, vem merecendo destaque no semi-árido brasileiro devido ao ataque em galhos e ramos lenhosos da planta, provocando significativas perdas na produção de castanha. O desenvolvimento de estudos epidemiológicos é de fundamental importância no entendimento dos aspectos ecológicos envolvidos na ocorrência e progresso da doença. Este trabalho objetivou realizar estudos sobre a dinâmica espaço-temporal do patógeno em três diferentes clones de cajueiro. Foram estimadas a dispersão desta doença através de seu padrão espacial e temporal na área em estudo, estudando-se os componentes das análises como os modelos de curva de progresso da doença, intensidade máxima da doença, início de aparecimento dos sintomas e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, de forma a comparar epidemiologicamente o desenvolvimento desta doença em clones com diferentes reações. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas em uma propriedade situada no município de Pio IX, PI. Os dados de incidência e severidade foram coletados entre os anos de 2002 e 2007, e utilizados nas análises espaciais e temporais para os clones BRS 226, Embrapa 51 e Faga 11. Mesmo apresentando diferenças quanto à incidência e severidade, foi observado que a doença assume um modelo aleatório de dispersão no início da epidemia, e que o aumento da incidência se dá pelo surgimento de novos focos unitários e crescimento dos focos antes existentes. Posteriormente, registrou-se uma agregação de plantas doentes. Os clones apresentaram ajustes a diferentes modelos epidemiológicos de acordo com o grau de susceptibilidade. As comparações entre as epidemias baseadas nos seus componentes apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os clones de cajueiro, sugerindo o uso potencial da resistência genética do hospedeiro como método de controle da resinose do cajueiro.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-26T11:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635725 bytes, checksum: 0c8e78027a47044c787419449019c1ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T11:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635725 bytes, checksum: 0c8e78027a47044c787419449019c1ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-21 / Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias / Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do pré-enraizamento e dos tipos de mudas sobre o crescimento de planta e a produção de raízes dos clones de batata-baroa, ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ (BGH 5746) e ‘Roxa de Viçosa’ (BGH 6513), provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, foram conduzidos três experimentos. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o clone ‘Roxa de Viçosa’: o primeiro (época primavera-primavera) instalado em 4 de dezembro de 1998 e concluído em novembro de 1999 e o segundo (época outono-outono) instalado em 9 de abril de 1999 e concluído em fevereiro de 2000. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido na mesma época do segundo, porém com o clone ‘Amarela de Carandaí’. Os experimentos consistiram de dez tratamentos, dispostos em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Nas parcelas foram usados dois métodos de plantio (com e sem pré-enraizamento das mudas) e nas subparcelas, cinco tipos de mudas (1- ápice do rebento com ± 2,7 cm de comprimento, com corte em bisel na base; 2- segmento intermediário do rebento, com ± 4,9 cm de comprimento, com cortes em bisel nas extremidades; 3- idem ao tipo 2, com ± 4,7 cm de comprimento, com corte longitudinal na parte côncava, correspondente a um quarto do diâmetro da muda; 4- rebento inteiro, com ± 5,74 cm de comprimento, com cortes em bisel na base e longitudinal na parte côncava; e 5- idem ao tipo 4, com ± 6,3 cm de comprimento, com corte em bisel na base). Foram avaliados: porcentagem de plantas emergidas, número de brotações por planta, número de folhas na brotação principal e altura de planta em pré-transplante (campo e canteiro de pré-enraizamento), além da população de plantas aos 65, 150, 210 e 270 dias após o transplante. Na colheita, foram avaliados: população final, altura e diâmetro de copa da planta, peso total de matéria fresca da planta, número e peso de rebentos por planta, número de folhas por rebento, número, comprimento, diâmetro e peso de massa fresca de classes de raízes tuberosas, comprimento, diâmetro e peso de massa fresca da coroa e rendimento (kg ha-1) de raízes comerciais. As análises de variância e os testes de médias (Tukey 5%) indicaram que nos clones e nas épocas de cultivo o método de plantio de mudas sem pré-enraizamento, independentemente do tipo de muda, proporcionou maior crescimento e produção de raízes por planta e de raízes comerciais que o método com pré-enraizamento. A época de cultivo influenciou o desempenho das plantas no campo, em especial afetando as mudas pré-enraizadas. A melhor época de cultivo nos dois clones foi outono- outono. Não houve efeito de tipo de muda, isoladamente, sobre as características avaliadas. / Aiming to evaluate the effect of pre-rooting and the types of seedlings upon plant growth and root yield of the peruvian carrots clones ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ (BGH 5746) and 'Roxa de Viçosa' (BGH 6513) proceeding from the Vegetable Germ plasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, three experiments were carried out. Two experiments were conducted with 'Roxa of Viçosa' clone: the first one (spring-spring time) was installed on December 4, 1998 and was concluded on November 1999, while the second one (autumn-autumn time) was installed on April 9, 1999 and was concluded on February 2000. The third experiment was performed at the same time of the second one, but with “Amarela de Carandaí” clone. The experiments consisted of ten treatments on randomized blocks and split-plot design with five replicates. Two planting methods were used in the plots (with and without seedling pre-rooting), and in subplots five seedling types were used (1 – the shoot apex with ± 2.7 cm length and a chamfered cut at the base; 2 – the shoot intermediate segment with ± 4.9 cm length and a chamfered cut at the extremities; 3 - same to type 2, with ± 4.7 cm length and a longitudinal cut on the concave part corresponding to one-quarter of the seedling diameter; 4 - the whole shoot with ± 5.74 cm length and chamfered cuts at the base and longitudinal on the concave part; and 5 - same to type 4, with ± 6.3 cm length and chamfered cut at the base). The following were evaluated: percentage of emerged plants, number of sprouting for plant, number of leaves at the main sprouting and plant height at pre-transplanting (field and pre-rooting seedbed) of the plant population at 65, 150, 210 and 270 days after transplanting. At harvest, the following were appraised: the final population, height and diameter of the plant crown, total weight of plant fresh matter, number and weight of shoots per plant, number of leaves per shoot, and number, length, diameter and weight of the fresh mass of the tuberous root classes, as well as the length, diameter and weight of the crown fresh mass and productivity (kg ha-1) of commercial roots. The variance analyses and the tests of averages (Tukey 5%) indicated that in clones and at the cropping time the seedling planting method without pre-rooting provided both larger growth and yield of roots per plant and commercial roots as well than the method using the pre-rooting, independently of the seedling type, The cropping time influenced the performance of the plants in the field, especially by affecting the pre-rooted seedlings. The best cropping time for both clones was autumn-autumn. There was no effect from seedling type separately upon the appraised characteristics. / Não foram localizados o cpf e o currículo latees do autor.

SILVA, Wedja Santana da. Qualidade e atividade antioxidante em frutos de variedades de aceroleira. 2008. 136 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em tecnologia de alimentos)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-01T18:59:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_wssilva.pdf: 1788216 bytes, checksum: 52c126cceb617a7a20bee41067ea88c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:24:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_wssilva.pdf: 1788216 bytes, checksum: 52c126cceb617a7a20bee41067ea88c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_wssilva.pdf: 1788216 bytes, checksum: 52c126cceb617a7a20bee41067ea88c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The evaluation of the quality of fruit come from selected plants, by the program of genetic improvement Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. It has as objective selects plants to cultivation with the better potential to consume in nature and industrial processing. The objective of this work was to characterize physically, chemically and physico-chemically fruits of acerola, 19 clones from commercial, evaluating the total antioxidant capacity (AOT) of its edible portions. The fruits were from different fields experimental, and the clones I6 / 2, Apodi-CL, Okinawa-CL, Cereja, Roxinha, Frutacor, II 47 / 1, Flor Branca, Barbados, Monami, Sertaneja and Mineira Field Trial of Limoeiro do Norte-CE; the clones AC69, Okinawa-OU, AC26, AC71, Apodi-OU and FP19 commercial planting organic Company Amway Nutrilite and clone Florida Sweet of Field of Experimental Pacajus-CE. All fruits were harvested at the stage of maturity in their commercial locations, where they were evaluated as to the firmness of flesh, length, diameter, colour instrumental La*b*, total weight, soluble solids (SS), total acidity (AT), pH , relationship soluble solids / total acidity (SS/AT), total soluble sugars (AST), total vitamin C, total anthocyanins, flavonoids yellow, total extractable polyphenols (PET), total carotenoids and total antioxidant activity (AAT). Weights had amplitude between 2.09 and 14.48g with an average of 6.05g. The average length was 19.73mm and 22.53mm diameter. The clones that concentrated the greatest firmness, vitamin C, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity were AC69, Okinawa-OU, AC26, AC71, Apodi-OU and FP19. The Florida Sweet received the highest regard SS/AT, followed by organic. The Frutacor and AC26 showed the highest levels of total carotenoids. The Barbados showed the lowest total antioxidant activity. The weight and size (length and diameter) were among the physical parameters with less influence of environmental factors. For vitamin C, polyphenols and antioxidant activity were obtained the greatest variations, as much as residual genetic. The soluble solids, pH, total acidity, relatio SS/AT, carotenoids and total sugars were the variables that showed the lowest influences of the environment and genetics, as compared to the other. There was significant correlation (P ≤ 0,01) between the weight, size, coordinated a * b*. The polyphenols showed a positive correlation (P ≤ 0,01) with the total antioxidant activity (0.73). Vitamin C appears to have contributed considerably to this activity, presented direct correlation (P ≤ 0,01) with polyphenols (0.87) and the total antioxidant activity (0.78). Significant negative relationship to 1% was found between the total acidity and the relationship SS/AT. Given the foregoing, as was observed direct correlation of antioxidant activity with two of the main groups of bioactive compounds (polyphenols total and vitamin C), it can be inferred that the antioxidant activity of the materials should be, basically, these two compounds, without disregard the synergism that exists between all of them. / A avaliação da qualidade de frutos oriundos de plantas selecionadas pelo programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, visa selecionar plantas com melhor potencial para consumo in natura e processamento industrial. Objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar fisicamente, físico-quimicamente e quimicamente frutos de aceroleira oriundos de 19 clones comerciais, avaliando a capacidade antioxidante total (AOT) das suas porções comestíveis. Os frutos foram provenientes de três diferentes campos experimentais, sendo os clones I6/2, Apodi-CL, Okinawa-CL, Cereja, Roxinha, Frutacor, II 47/1, Flor Branca, Barbados, Monami, Sertaneja e Mineira do Campo Experimental de Limoeiro do Norte-CE; os clones AC 69, Okinawa-OU, AC 26, AC 71, Apodi-OU e FP19 do plantio comercial orgânico da Empresa Nutrilite Amway e o clone Flórida Sweet do Campo Experimental de Pacajus–CE. Todos os frutos foram colhidos no estádio de maturação comercial nos respectivos locais, onde foram avaliados quanto à firmeza da polpa, comprimento, diâmetro, cor instrumental L a* b*, peso total, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez total (AT), pH, relação sólidos solúveis/ acidez total (SS/AT), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), vitamina C total, antocianinas totais, flavonóides amarelos, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET), carotenóides totais e atividade antioxidante total (AAT). Os pesos apresentaram amplitude entre 2,09 e 14,48g, com média de 6,05g. O comprimento médio foi de 19,73mm e o diâmetro 22,53mm. Os clones que concentraram a maior firmeza, vitamina C, polifenóis totais e atividade antioxidante foram AC 69, Okinawa-OU, AC 26, AC 71, Apodi-OU e FP19. O Flórida Sweet obteve a maior relação SS/AT, seguido pelos orgânicos. O Frutacor e o AC26 apresentaram os maiores teores de carotenóides totais. Os frutos do clone Barbados mostraram a menor atividade antioxidante total. O peso e o tamanho (comprimento e diâmetro) ficaram entre os parâmetros físicos com menor influência de fatores ambientais. Para a vitamina C, polifenóis e atividade antioxidante foram obtidas as maiores variações, tanto residuais quanto genéticas. Os sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez total, relação SS/AT, carotenóides e açúcares totais foram as variáveis que demonstraram as menores influências do ambiente e genética, quando comparadas com as demais. Houve correlação significativa (P ≤ 0,01) entre o peso, tamanho, coordenada a* e b*. Os polifenóis apresentaram correlação positiva (P ≤ 0,01) com a atividade antioxidante total (0,73). A vitamina C parece ter contribuído consideravelmente para essa atividade, apresentado correlação direta (P ≤ 0,01) com os polifenóis (0,87) e com a atividade antioxidante total (0,78). Relação negativa significativa a 1% foi encontrada entre a acidez total e a relação SS/AT. Diante do exposto, como foi observada correlação direta da atividade antioxidante com dois, dos principais grupos de compostos bioativos (polifenóis totais e vitamina C), pode-se inferir que a ação antioxidante dos materiais se deve, basicamente, a esses dois compostos, sem desconsiderar o sinergismo que existe entre todos eles.

CYSNE, A. Q. Epidemiologia comparativa da resinose (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) do cajueiro em pomares comerciais o semi-árido nordestino. 2009. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-06-26T18:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-07-02T17:13:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-02T17:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_aqcysne.pdf: 376485 bytes, checksum: a941202c02abf7b9dceb110af08a0862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Presently, a cashew disease known as gummosis, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, deserves special attention due to its infection to branches and trunks of woody plants imposing significantly reduction in nut yield. As the importance of disease increases, it becomes of fundamental importance the development of epidemiological studies to understand the ecological aspects involved on disease establishment and progress. This work aimed to study gummosis dynamics in time and space in three different clones of cashew. Patterns of dispersion in space and disease progress on time, as well as the components involved on these models such as disease progress curve, maximum disease intensity, area under the disease progress curve and the point of initial disease were studied analyzed in order to compare epidemics in the three clones with different disease reactions. The study was conducted in a commercial cashew farm in Pio IX district in Piaui state, Brazil. Gummosis incidence and severity data of collected from 2002 to 2007 were used for both time and space analyses for BRS 226, Embrapa 51 and Faga 11 clones. Disregarding differences in disease occurrence and severity among clones, a random pattern of dispersion was observed at the beginning of the epidemic followed by the development of new foci and expansion of original foci. Later, a clustered pattern was observed. Clones showed different fitness to epidemic models accordingly with their degree of susceptibility. Comparison of epidemics based on their components have shown significant differences among clones, providing evidence for the potential use of host resistance as a means of gummosis control. / Atualmente, a doença conhecida como resinose, causada pelo fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae, vem merecendo destaque no semi-árido brasileiro devido ao ataque em galhos e ramos lenhosos da planta, provocando significativas perdas na produção de castanha. O desenvolvimento de estudos epidemiológicos é de fundamental importância no entendimento dos aspectos ecológicos envolvidos na ocorrência e progresso da doença. Este trabalho objetivou realizar estudos sobre a dinâmica espaço-temporal do patógeno em três diferentes clones de cajueiro. Foram estimadas a dispersão desta doença através de seu padrão espacial e temporal na área em estudo, estudando-se os componentes das análises como os modelos de curva de progresso da doença, intensidade máxima da doença, início de aparecimento dos sintomas e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, de forma a comparar epidemiologicamente o desenvolvimento desta doença em clones com diferentes reações. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas em uma propriedade situada no município de Pio IX, PI. Os dados de incidência e severidade foram coletados entre os anos de 2002 e 2007, e utilizados nas análises espaciais e temporais para os clones BRS 226, Embrapa 51 e Faga 11. Mesmo apresentando diferenças quanto à incidência e severidade, foi observado que a doença assume um modelo aleatório de dispersão no início da epidemia, e que o aumento da incidência se dá pelo surgimento de novos focos unitários e crescimento dos focos antes existentes. Posteriormente, registrou-se uma agregação de plantas doentes. Os clones apresentaram ajustes a diferentes modelos epidemiológicos de acordo com o grau de susceptibilidade. As comparações entre as epidemias baseadas nos seus componentes apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os clones de cajueiro, sugerindo o uso potencial da resistência genética do hospedeiro como método de controle da resinose do cajueiro.

Orientador: Marineide Rosa Vieira / Banca: Alcebiades Ribeiro Campos / Banca: Paulo de Souza Gonçalves / Resumo: A seringueira Hevea brasiliensis é a principal fonte de borracha natural produzida no mundo. A grande expansão da área plantada no Estado de São Paulo foi feita com o clone RRIM 600. Atualmente, uma série maior de opções se encontra à disposição dos produtores como os PB, GT, PR, IAC, IRCA, séries mais recentes de RRIM e IAN. Devido à necessidade de informações que possam nortear a escolha dos clones a serem plantados, o presente projeto teve por objetivo comparar a influência de clones de seringueira sobre o desenvolvimento populacional dos ácaros fitófagos e avaliação do desfolhamento provocado. O experimento foi conduzido na área do Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento do Noroeste Paulista, APTA\SAA, no município de Votuporanga, duas áreas experimentais já instaladas foram escolhidas entre as que existem no local, identificadas como Área 1 e Área 2, em ambas foi utilizada a mesma metodologia para coleta, contagem e identificação dos ácaros. Os clones avaliados foram: Área 1, RRIM 600 (testemunha), RRIM 701, GT 1, IAN 873, PR 255, PR 261, PB 217, PB 235 e na Área 2, os clones: RRIM 600 (testemunha), PB 260, PB 330, PB 235, IAC 15, IAC 35, IAC 40, IAC 300, IRCA 111, IAN 3156 e PB 28/59. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois períodos: 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. As amostragens foram mensais, coletando-se folhas dos clones para identificação e contagem dos ácaros e das exúvias em laboratório. As espécies fitófagas observadas foram: Calacarus heveae Feres, Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, Phyllocoptruta seringueirae Feres, Schevtchenkella petiolula Feres, Eutetranychus banksii (McGregor), Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher) e Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor). Os sintomas foram avaliados através de exame visual com atribuição de notas para a porcentagem de amarelecimento e de desfolha das plantas em cada dia de coleta. Foram observadas diferenças significativas ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis is the main source of natural eraser produced in the world. The great expansion of the area planted in the State of São Paulo was done with the clone RRIM 600. Nowadays, a larger series of options is to the disposition of the producers like PB, GT, PR, IAC, IRCA, more recent series of RRIM and IAN. Due to the need of information that they can orientate the choice of the clones to be planted, the present project had for objective to compare the influence of rubber tree clones on the population development of the acarids fitófagos and evaluation of the provoked leaf fall. The experiment was driven in the area of the Regional Pole of Development of the Northwest From São Paulo, APTA\SAA, in the municipal district of Votuporanga, two experimental areas already installed were chosen among the ones that exist at the place, identified as Area 1 and Area 2, in both the same methodology was used for collection, counting and identification of the acarids. The appraised clones were: Area 1, RRIM 600 ( testifies), RRIM 701, GT 1, IAN 873, PR 255, PR 261, PB 217, PB 235 and in the Area 2, the clones: RRIM 600 ( testifies), PB 260, PB 330, PB 235, IAC 15, IAC 35, IAC 40, IAC 300, IRCA 111, IAN 3156 and PB 28/59. The experiments were driven in two periods: 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. The samplings were monthly, being collected leaves of the clones for identification and counting of the acarids and of the exúvias in laboratory. The species observed fitófagas were: Calacarus heveae Feres, Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, Phyllocoptruta seringueirae Feres, Schevtchenkella petiolula Feres, Eutetranychus banksii (McGregor), Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher) and Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor). The symptoms were appraised through visual exam with attribution of notes for the leaves that are being yellow percentage and of it defoliates of the plants in every day of collection...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre