• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 6
  • 6
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Perovskitas preparadas pelo método do citrato como catalisadores para a reação de redução de NO com CO / Perovskites prepared by citrate method like catalysts to NO with CO reduction reaction

Garcia, Janaina de Souza 03 July 2003 (has links)
Um dos maiores problemas que o homem tem encontrado em função de seu desenvolvimento é a poluição. Os principais responsáveis pela poluição atmosférica são os veículos automotores e para minimizar a poluição gerada por estes fez-se necessário o uso de catalisadores. Estes catalisadores, chamados de catalisadores de \"três vias\", atualmente têm como sítios ativos metais nobres, o que eleva muito o seu custo e leva motoristas a dispensarem este equipamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi preparar, caracterizar e estudar materiais tipo perovskitas (La2CuO4, La(2-x)CexCuO4, La2Mo2O9, LaCoO3, LaNiO3, La2CuO4/LaNiO3) como catalisadores para a reação de redução de NO com CO, com a finalidade de encontrar uma alternativa para substituir os metais nobres nos conversores catalíticos comerciais. Os catalisadores foram preparados pelo método do citrato, calcinados em 800 ou 900oC, caracterizados por difração de raios-X, redução a temperatura programada, área específica e análise química, sendo observada a formação de perovskita em todas as caracterizações. Durante os ensaios catalíticos frente a reação de redução de NO com CO, os catalisadores calcinados em 800oC foram mais ativos em relação aos calcinados em 900oC e em relação aos metais componentes da perovskita, quanto mais preenchida a banda de valência do metal na estrutura perovskita, maior a sua atividade. / One of the biggest problems that man has found because of his development is the pollution. The main responsible for atmospheric pollution are the automotive vehicles and to minimize the pollution produced by them it has been necessary to use catalysts. These catalysts, called \"three way catalysts\", actually have noble metals like active sites, what takes up very much their cost and let drivers dispense this equipment. The objective oh this study was to prepare, characterize and study materials of perovskites kind (La2CuO4, La(2-x)CexCuO4, La2Mo2O9, LaCoO3, LaNiO3, La2CuO4/LaNiO3) like catalysts to the reaction of reduction of NO with CO, with the end of find a alternative to substitute the noble metal in the commercial catalytic conversers. The catalysts were prepared by citrate method, calcined at 800 or 900oC, characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, specific area and chemical analysis, being observed the formation of perovskite in all characterizations. During the catalytic research to the reaction of NO with CO, the catalysts calcined at 800oC were more active compared to those calcined at 900o and, in relation to the component metal of the perovskite, how more filled the valence band of the metal in the structure of perovskite, better its activity.
2

Perovskitas preparadas pelo método do citrato como catalisadores para a reação de redução de NO com CO / Perovskites prepared by citrate method like catalysts to NO with CO reduction reaction

Janaina de Souza Garcia 03 July 2003 (has links)
Um dos maiores problemas que o homem tem encontrado em função de seu desenvolvimento é a poluição. Os principais responsáveis pela poluição atmosférica são os veículos automotores e para minimizar a poluição gerada por estes fez-se necessário o uso de catalisadores. Estes catalisadores, chamados de catalisadores de \"três vias\", atualmente têm como sítios ativos metais nobres, o que eleva muito o seu custo e leva motoristas a dispensarem este equipamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi preparar, caracterizar e estudar materiais tipo perovskitas (La2CuO4, La(2-x)CexCuO4, La2Mo2O9, LaCoO3, LaNiO3, La2CuO4/LaNiO3) como catalisadores para a reação de redução de NO com CO, com a finalidade de encontrar uma alternativa para substituir os metais nobres nos conversores catalíticos comerciais. Os catalisadores foram preparados pelo método do citrato, calcinados em 800 ou 900oC, caracterizados por difração de raios-X, redução a temperatura programada, área específica e análise química, sendo observada a formação de perovskita em todas as caracterizações. Durante os ensaios catalíticos frente a reação de redução de NO com CO, os catalisadores calcinados em 800oC foram mais ativos em relação aos calcinados em 900oC e em relação aos metais componentes da perovskita, quanto mais preenchida a banda de valência do metal na estrutura perovskita, maior a sua atividade. / One of the biggest problems that man has found because of his development is the pollution. The main responsible for atmospheric pollution are the automotive vehicles and to minimize the pollution produced by them it has been necessary to use catalysts. These catalysts, called \"three way catalysts\", actually have noble metals like active sites, what takes up very much their cost and let drivers dispense this equipment. The objective oh this study was to prepare, characterize and study materials of perovskites kind (La2CuO4, La(2-x)CexCuO4, La2Mo2O9, LaCoO3, LaNiO3, La2CuO4/LaNiO3) like catalysts to the reaction of reduction of NO with CO, with the end of find a alternative to substitute the noble metal in the commercial catalytic conversers. The catalysts were prepared by citrate method, calcined at 800 or 900oC, characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, specific area and chemical analysis, being observed the formation of perovskite in all characterizations. During the catalytic research to the reaction of NO with CO, the catalysts calcined at 800oC were more active compared to those calcined at 900o and, in relation to the component metal of the perovskite, how more filled the valence band of the metal in the structure of perovskite, better its activity.
3

Synthèse de nouveaux ligands tripodes et de leurs complexes de coordination pour l’activation de petites molécules / Synthesis of new tripodal ligands and their coordination complexes for small molecules activation

Aloisi, Alicia 01 October 2018 (has links)
L’utilisation massive de ressources fossiles carbonées pour des applications énergétiques est aujourd’hui pointée du doigt comme responsable du changement climatique. Le CO₂ émis lors de la combustion de ces ressources augmente l’effet de serre, induisant ainsi un réchauffement de la planète. Afin d’atténuer ce changement climatique, l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables est de plus en plus favorisée et le stockage de cette énergie sous forme d’hydrogène semble prometteur pour pallier à l’intermittence saisonnière de ces ressources. Une voie de stockage de l’hydrogène consiste à le faire réagir avec du CO₂ afin d’obtenir des carburants liquides telles que l’acide formique et le méthanol. Ces liquides peuvent alors être transportés facilement et lorsque l’énergie vient à manquer l’hydrogène peut être régénéré par déshydrogénation de ces molécules grâce à des catalyseurs. Dans cette thèse nous avons développé des complexes organométalliques en vue d’activer CO₂ et H₂, ce qui nous a permis d’acquérir un savoir fondamental. Le ligand triphos étant très connu pour coordiner des complexes qui catalysent ces réactions d’hydrogénation et de déshydrogénation, nous nous sommes d’abord concentrés sur le développement de ligands similaires. Nous avons synthétisé de nouveaux complexes de Fe (II), Co (II) et Cu (I) avec ces ligands. Ceux-ci se sont révélés actifs en hydroboration du CO₂. Un complexe de ruthénium a été greffé sur silice par son ligand, afin de pouvoir être recyclé lors des catalyses. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons synthétisé un nouveau ligand aux des propriétés participatives potentielles. Un complexe de cuivre(I) coordiné par ce ligand a permis d’activer H₂ grâce à une participation métal-ligand.Enfin, un complexe de cobalt(I) coordiné par ce ligand est le premier composé à base de cobalt capable de déshydrogéner l’acide formique. / The extensive use of fossile fuel is currently causing climate change. Anthropogenic emissions of CO₂ enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting in global warming. In order to mitigate this climate change, the share of renewable energy is increasing and hydrogen seems to be a good candidate to stock energy to compensate the seasonal variations of those energies. One way to store H₂ is the hydrogenation of CO₂ to synthesise liquid molecules as formic acid and methanol. Those liquids can be conveyed in an easier way. In case of a lack of energy, H₂ can be recovered through dehydrogenation of those molecules thinks to catalysts. In this thesis, we studied the synthesis of organometallic complexes able to activate those small molecules, thus, growing a fundamental knowledge. As a number of triphos-metal complexes are known to catalyse hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, we focused on the elaboration of ligands alike. With those ligands in hand, several non-noble metal based complexes (Fe (II), Co (II) and Cu (I)) were synthesized, which are active in CO₂ hydroboration catalysis. A complex of ruthenium(II)was grafted on silica through one of this ligand, in order to recycle it when it used as a catalyst. On the second hand, we designed a new ligand which could favor metal-ligand cooperativity. H₂ was succesfully activated with a copper(I) complex coordinated by this ligand, demonstrating that cooperation of the ligand. Finally, the first known cobalt complex active in dehydrogenation of formic acid was synthesised.
4

Stratégies bio-inspirées pour la réduction catalytique et la valorisation du dioxyde de carbone / Bio-inspired strategies for the catalytic reduction and valorization of carbon dioxide

Gotico, Philipp 20 September 2019 (has links)
La criticité du réchauffement climatique incite à chercher des solutions pour réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO₂). Le développement de catalyseurs qui peuvent aider à capturer, activer, réduire et valoriser le CO₂ est au cœur de ce défi. Cette thèse a répondu à cet appel en développant des mimétismes moléculaires inspirés de la Nature, dans le cadre plus large de la photosynthèse artificielle. Au début il s'agissait de suivre le parcours d'un photon de lumière visible et de déterminer comment il peut réduire la molécule de CO₂. Ensuite afin de réaliser des catalyseurs plus efficaces, de nouvelles molécules ont été synthétisées en s’inspirant de l’enzyme CO déshydrogénase (CODH) qui présente des performances exceptionnelles pour la réduction du CO₂. Enfin, une autre propriété du CODH a conduit à une validation de principe pour la valorisation immédiate du CO photo-produit dans la synthèse des liaisons amides marqués, une caractéristique courante des médicaments. / The criticality of global warming urges for the advancement of science to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the atmosphere. At the heart of this challenge is the development of sustainable catalysts that can help capture, activate, reduce, and eventually valorize CO₂. This PhD work tried to respond to this call by developing molecular mimics inspired by natural systems in the larger scheme of artificial photosynthesis. Firstly, it involved tracking the journey of a photon of visible light and how it is transformed to a reducing power able to reduce CO₂. Secondly, in search for more efficient and stable catalysts, new mimics were synthesized inspired by the exceptional performance of CO dehydrogenase enzymes (CODH) in reducing CO₂. Lastly, further understanding of CODH also led to a proof-of-concept that directly valorizes the photo-produced CO for the synthesis of isotopically-labelled amide bonds, a common motif in pharmaceutically-relevant drugs.
5

Technological innovation to support the decision-making process for open pit mining: the application of technological models and semi-mobile in-pit crushing and conveying scenario\'s evaluation. / Inovações tecnológicas para suportar o processo decisório em lavra a céu aberto: a aplicação de modelos tecnológicos e de análise de britagem semimóvel em cava com transportador de correias.

Nunes, Rodrigo Augusto 01 April 2019 (has links)
This work presents two innovative ways to evaluate mining projects. The first is the application of a Technological Model in a copper-gold mine and the second is a decision making model to evaluate the benefit of semi-mobile in pit crusher and conveyor alternatives during the early stages of mining projects. In order to improve the process and to maximize the production and/or value of a mining project, there needs to be an integration of the geology, the mine plan, the processing and the geometallurgy data. In order to accomplish this, a new methodology is proposed for the creation of a technological model. This model can be interpreted as the consolidation of the different models required for a better understanding of the geological and technical information of the deposit. This concept was developed and applied at a copper and gold mine site located in Brazil. Based on the evaluation of different blasting and mill productivity scenarios through a pit-to-plant approach, it was possible to obtain operational short-term gains such as a 10.7% increase in the plant production rate and a 2.2% increase in the crusher\'s feed rate with little or no capital investment. Another important issue faced by mining companies is related to material handling. A significant cost in the operating budget of most mining operations arises from purchasing and maintaining haulage trucks. Recently, in-pit crushing and conveying (IPCC) has been subject to research because of its potential to reduce haulage costs. A decision-making model was created to identify early on in a project whether or not the semi-mobile IPCC (SMIPCC) is an appropriate alternative to the conventional truck haulage based on the loading and hauling approaches. The method is based on cost analysis and the evaluation of environmental impacts, being successfully tested at an existing open-pit mine, where the results indicated that the IPCC was the most cost-effective option for the operation. Although the IPCC\'s initial CAPEX was 60% higher than the conventional approach, the IPCC\'s OPEX was 43% lower, resulting in a 28% reduction of the life-of-mine net present cost (NPC). / Este trabalho apresenta duas maneiras inovadoras de avaliar projetos de mineração. A primeira é a elaboração e aplicação do modelo tecnológico para uma mina de cobre e ouro já a segunda refere-se à confecção de um modelo de tomada de decisão a ser usado para a análise dos benefícios de aplicação de britagem semimóvel em cava. Para melhorar os processos e maximizar a produção e/ou o valor de um projeto de mineração, existe a necessidade de integração dos dados de geologia, planejamento de mina, beneficiamento e geometalurgia. Com esse foco, uma nova metodologia foi proposta para a criação do modelo tecnológico. Este modelo pode ser interpretado como a consolidação dos diferentes modelos necessários para uma melhor compreensão das informações geológicas e técnicas do depósito. Este conceito foi desenvolvido e aplicado em uma mina de cobre de ouro localizada no Brasil. Com base na avaliação de diferentes cenários de perfuração e desmonte de rochas e de produtividade do moinho, usando uma abordagem de mina-usina, foi possível obter ganhos operacionais de curto prazo, tais como um aumento de 10,7% na taxa de produção de usina e um aumento de 2,2% na taxa de alimentação da britagem com pouco ou nenhum investimento de capital. Uma outra questão relevante para empresas de mineração é o transporte de material. Um custo significativo na maioria das minas surge da compra e manutenção de caminhões de transporte. A britagem em cava e correias (IPCC em inglês) vem sido avaliada em diversos casos devido ao seu potencial para reduzir os custos de transporte. Neste estudo, um modelo de tomada de decisão foi criado para identificar em etapas iniciais de um projeto os benefícios de aplicação de IPCC semimóvel (SMIPCC em inglês) em comparação com método convencional, exclusivamente por caminhões. O método baseia-se na análise de custos e na avaliação de impactos ambientais testado em uma mina a céu aberto, onde os resultados indicaram que o SMIPCC foi a opção mais econômica para a operação. Embora o investimento inicial do IPCC foi 60% maior do que a abordagem convencional, o custo operacional do IPCC foi 43% menor, resultando em uma redução de 28% do custo total a valor presente.
6

Reductive Binding of C‒O and Nitro Substrates at a Pyrazolate-Bridged Preorganized Dinickel Scaffold

Kothe, Thomas 03 November 2021 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0956 seconds