The aim of this thesis is twofold. First, we investigate spaces defined by asserting that their nowhere dense subsets have certain properties. Secondly, we develop some techniques for the construction of topological spaces. We consider spaces where the nowhere dense sets are asserted to have some property P, calling such spaces boundary-P. We show that if there are no Lusin spaces then every compact boundary-metrizable space is metrizable. Boundary-separability is also studied and we show that if there are no L-spaces then every boundary-separable space is separable. By adapting the absolute dimension function of Arhangel'skii, we define the new concept of cohesion. We show that every compact cohesive and every Hausdorff, sequential cohesive space is scattered. However, we construct regular, crowded spaces of all finite cohesions though there are no regular spaces of transfinite cohesion. We consider too the preservation of cohesion under various mappings and under the formation of products. Turning to construction, we consider the class of compact monotonically normal spaces. It is well-known that it contains the class of spaces which are the continuous images of compact ordered spaces but it is still open as to whether they are actually distinct classes. Using Watson's resolutions, we give a method for constructing monotonically normal spaces. Though this also preserves continuous images of arcs, we show that it is because of a powerful result of Cornette rather than any trivial observation. We also examine more closely monotone normality in images of compact ordered spaces using the Collins-Roscoe structuring mechanism. From this, we extract a strong instance of the mechanism, linear chain (F), which is held by all images of ordered compacta and all proto-metrizable spaces and implies Junnila's concept of utter normality. Elementary submodels are an important tool in the construction of topological spaces. We develop a general method for applying them in varying circumstances and illustrate it by constructing three examples: Balogh's Q-set space, Rudin's normal but not collectionwise Hausdorff space and Balogh's small Dowker space.

The purpose of this present investigation was twofold: to determine the relationship between cohesion and performance for successful and unsuccessful bowling teams and to investigate the internal consistency of items from the Group Environment Questionnaire. Subjects were 148 bowling teams (28 men's, 55 women's, 65 mixed--3-5 members each) from 14 different leagues. Results revealed that task cohesion (ATGT) in early, mid, and late season, as well as social cohesion (ATGS) in late season significantly differentiated between high/low cohesion teams. In addition, successful teams (i.e., league position) exhibited significantly higher levels of both task and composite cohesion. All cohesion scales, with the exception of ATGS in early season, revealed a moderate to high level of internal consistency.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.

in English This thesis deals with the means that French and Czech use to express the text coherence and cohesion. It pays special attention to functional sentence perspective which is expressed in different ways in these two languages. It focuses on the category of French determinants and its important role in the expression of functional sentence perspective. The empirical part of the thesis explores the possibilities the translator has to express lexically the presence of various determinants that appear in original texts, and it tries to prove the theory that a higher occurrence of determinants in French affects Czech translations. This hypothesis will be proven by comparing the frequency of prounous that occur in Czech translations and Czech original texts.

This project is structured into three parts. The first one describes fundamental information about EU which serve as the base for the further analysis. It is focused on institutional framework of the Union and also freedom of movement for goods, services, persons and capital in the unique market. Except of the description of prime principles, there are as well outlined current failures and reforms which could solve them. Strategy of cohesion policy, its goals, tools and financial scope are explained in the text. The second chapter shows impacts of structural policy of EU on the Czech Republic economy. This article will be engaged in questions of structural funds redistribution through Operating programmes, net balance on financial transfers between the Czech Republic and the EU budget and the impact of this transfers on the Czech economic growth. The last theoretical part researches in addition to effects of cohesion policy also further important aspect of the european integration - participation in the unique market. General economic models as Solow model or 2x2 model are exploited and extended by aspects of integration. Subsequently there are researched impacts on allocation effectiveness and welfare of member countries. The purpose of the project is to map the process of sources redistribution in EU, show its uselessly huge administrative severity, consider about its effects and benefits and describe wider contexts of cohesion policy.

This dissertation thesis is a critical assessment of the relationship of rural development policy within the second pillar of the EU CAP framework to aspects of territorial cohesion. The main aim is to analyse if the tools of rural development policy applied within the Czech Republic are in accordance with EU territorial cohesion goals and to assess the importance of the differences in the extent of regional support in accordance to the problems in rural areas. Within the main aim four hypotheses are formulated which are analysed in detail. For the verification of the hypotheses, introductory theoretical-methodological analysis of approaches to agriculture and rural development were prepared and their critical assessment was focused on historical issues of the EU CAP. The next part of the thesis is aimed at the verification of the rural development policy within the framework of the second pillar of the EU CAP to aspects of territorial cohesion using the example of the implementation of the EU Territorial Agenda in the programming period of 2007 -- 2013 in the Czech Republic. These issues are further studied in more depth with an institutional analysis of the EU CAP rural development policy role and its importance in the realisation of the EU Territorial Agenda in the Czech Republic, especially within the framework of urban-rural relations. For defining the territorial cohesion goals a methodological approach from the research project conducted by Prof. Mark Shucksmith (project ESPON, Shucksmith et al., 2005) was used who dealt with an assessment of the second pillar of the EU CAP in relation to aspects of territorial cohesion. In his research project the territorial cohesion goals were assessed by levels of selected indicators and their relevance to support from the second pillar of the EU CAP. This approach was adjusted and studied in depth by the author of this thesis according to the conditions of the Czech Republic. For the verification of the hypotheses, statistical data of the Horizontal Rural Development Plan CR was used which represented 73 % of the total expenditure of the second pillar of the EU CAP in the Czech Republic during the period 2004 -- 2006. With regards to scientific contribution, the main benefit of this thesis is in delivering an analytical framework of the rural development policy in relation to aspects of territorial cohesion by way of the EU Territorial Agenda and its implementation in the Czech Republic. The analysis and assessment of the HRDP programme in the Czech Republic and its relationship to socio economic indicators presents a concrete verification of the implementation of the second pillar of the EU CAP in the period 2004 -- 2006 with aspects of territorial cohesion. The results of this thesis will contribute to current research projects also aimed at the analysis of this theme.

L’État de Genève, Régionyon, ainsi que dix intercommunalités françaises de l’Ain et de la Haute-Savoie se sont regroupés pour former le Grand Genève et aménager l’espace transfrontalier. La question de la frontière est omniprésente à Genève et a un rôle central dans son développement. Pendant très longtemps, l’agriculture et l’approvisionnement alimentaire ont constitué un lien de cohésion permanent entre Genève et son hinterland. Régie par deux politiques agricoles, l’agriculture du bassin genevois se structure et s’oriente désormais sur des marchés différents, ce malgré une zone franche qui perdure. À l’heure de la métropolisation, elle est impactée de manière différenciée par la diffusion de l’urbanisation, à la croisée des modes de planifications suisses et français. Pourtant, le Projet d'Agglomération Franco-Valdo-Genevois, porté par le Grand Genève, met l’agriculture au cœur du projet d’aménagement transfrontalier. Dans un contexte frontalier tendu entre les acteurs, la mobilisation de l’agriculture dans le Grand Genève, n’est pas admise par tous. Tantôt promus, tantôt bloqués, les projets agricoles peinent parfois à voir le jour et à être partagés par tous. En outre, les jeux d’acteurs et la prise en compte de l’agriculture par le politique ne sont pas dénués de considérations territoriales, qui dépassent largement l’économique. L’agriculture est convoquée pour tenter de dépasser les blocages transfrontaliers et donner une cohésion territoriale au projet d’aménagement du Grand Genève. / The State of Geneva, Régionyon and ten French inter-municipalities joined together to shape Greater Geneva and plan the cross-border area. The border issue is omnipresent in Geneva and has an important role in its development. For a long time, agriculture and food supply were a permanent link between cohesion Geneva and its hinterland. Governed by two agricultural policies, agriculture in the Geneva area is structured and now focusing on different markets, despite enduring a free zone. At the time of metropolization is differentially affected by the spread of urbanization, at the crossroads of modes of Swiss and French plans. Yet the Agglomeration Project Franco-Valdo-Genevois, carried by the Greater Geneva, puts agriculture at the heart of the cross-border development project. In a border tense situation between the actors, the mobilization of agriculture in the Greater Geneva is not accepted by all. Sometimes promoted, sometimes blocked, agricultural projects have some difficulties to emerge and be shared by all. In addition, the actors' performance and the inclusion of agriculture by the policy are not devoid of territorial considerations that go far beyond the economic. Agriculture is convened to try to overcome cross-border bottlenecks and give a territorial cohesion project for developing the Grand Geneva.

A research report submitted to the Wits School of Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by combination of coursework and research. Johannesburg, 2015 / Achievement rates in higher education in South Africa for black students remain low after 20 years of democracy. Writing academic English according to existing conventions is a complex skill. One aspect of this skill is producing dense, cohesive text. The writing of a group of IsiZulu speakers at Wits is analyzed to find out how Hallidayan (1976) cohesion is operating therein: how does this language group use conjunctions, lexical cohesion, referencing, ellipsis and substitution when writing in English? In addition, it explores whether differences in how IsiZulu and English are structured create problems with cohesion for these undergraduates when writing in English. Furthermore, it aims to uncover if the rhetorical structure of IsiZulu influences the organization and the cohesion of their English texts. From this analysis, it is evident that there are elements of referencing, conjunction use and lexical cohesion which are well developed in their writing. At the same time, evidence of speech-type syntax in the data points to areas where further development is possible. This knowledge has led to suggestions on how academic literacy input could facilitate writing skills development for this language group. The investigation has also established the dominance of English rhetorical organisation in both the English and IsiZulu writing of this cohort. It has also shown that these students experience rhetorical conflict when instructed not to use repetition as a meaning-making strategy in their writing. Both a pragmatic and a critical response to these findings has been provided. The pragmatic response is a set of suggestions on how to develop language skills in the area of cohesion. The critical response is a proposal for an alternative style of academic textual organisation with stronger links to IsiZulu oral rhetoric practices. Key words: Cohesion in IsiZulu, cohesion in English, IsiZulu rhetoric, English rhetoric, academic literacy, transformation in tertiary education

Series: INEQ Working Paper Series