This thesis project investigates different ways of collective living. It offers a different perspective towards the human-environment relationship and the ways in which we inhabit urban environments. The goal is to establish a better understanding about the concept of collectivity and community in urban life by looking at carefully selected examples.

Copenhagen in the turn of the last century; light from the outside world seeks its way along the floor into the interior painted by Vilhelm Hammershoi. Why do I want to stay here? The surrounding space of the room in focus affects our perception of it; in what way are they connected and which sources of light might exist behind? My method has been to phenomenologically explore a set of artworks representing rooms that, to me, convey a sense of desirable place to stay and live in. My intention with these investigations was to build a dwelling space with shared functions; a collective living. I tried to recreate my interpretations from the artworks by building rooms with similar qualities, hoping this project would make more people choose a collective way of living rather than an individual one.

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Housing which have market value compatible with the proletariat s income is also considered and how these works contributed to the establish social contact and the variety of interpretation of the extent of various solutions. Firstly we endeavor to understand, from a materialistic point of view, how ideas of cities and urbanization help to understand of the relationship between the political concepts expressed in the power of the hegemonic social class and its implanted special continents, the habitat sites, different forms of habitations and infrastructure facilities, the appropriation of space and implantation in these spaces of collective living and productive activities. The first object under scrutiny is The Familisterio de Guise a cooperative union of capital and labour an idea proposed in Charles Fourier s social utopia , followed by the great speculative period of the constructivism of modern Architecture in the USSR during the short period between 1925 and 1932, which also idealized the construction of a new man. Many of these architectonic products have been reproduced in other contexts due to the their quality and universal interest. Next, the form of expression of the city and interventions, represented by the social economicity implanted in Frankfurt and Berlin during the Weimar Republic in Germany between 1926 and 1933, supported by Austria and the housing policy in the Socialist Vienna from 1919 to 1933, finalising with the pioneer proposal Housing Unit of Adequate Size in Marselha designed by Le Corbusier, the epitome of the rebuilding of post-war France, from 1945 onwards. The second part of this work discusses the repercussion of these European ideas and their interpretations in Brazil, starting in the 1950 s, concentrating the analysis on the solutions proposed in the superquadras in Brasilia, Lucio Costa s urban proposal, and the Housing complex of Cumbica in Guarulhos, São Paulo, designed by Vilanova Artigas, Fábio Penteado and Paulo Mendes da Rocha for the housing of trade union member workers living in the São Paulo metropolitan area. Throughout this work, written in two parts, we will discuss some archetypal projects which represent the ideological contents and how they are expressed in the social life and build spaces, in search of the architectural realization of the dream of collective living. / O presente trabalho estuda as ideologias que envolvem a arquitetura desde o Século XIX, no que contempla a habitação de valor de mercado compatível com o salário das classes proletárias, como contribuíram e de que forma para estabelecer a intensidade e a amplitude das suas variadas soluções. As idéias sobre as cidades e a Urbanização, através de uma, perspectiva materialista, permite compreender a relação entre o conteúdo político expressos através do poder da classe hegemônica de uma dada sociedade e seus continentes espaciais implantados, o modo de localizar o habitat, formas diferentes de habitação e de equipamentos de infraestrutura, um modo de apropriação do espaço e de implantação nesse espaço de atividades voltadas à produção e para a existência humana. O primeiro objeto de estudo é O Familistério de Guise a união cooperativa entre o capital e o trabalho - idéia - proposta da utopia social de Charles Fourier seguido pelo grande período especulativo construtivista da arquitetura moderna na URSS no curto período entre 1925 e 1932, que buscava também a construção de um novo homem, que no campo da produção arquitetônica teve muitas de suas realizações reproduzidas em outros contextos por serem soluções de qualidade e interesse. Em seguida a forma de expressão da cidade, das intervenções sobre estas, representadas pelos conceitos de economicidade social implantados nas cidades de Frankfurt e Berlin no período da República de Weimar, na Alemanha entre 1926 e 1933, secundado pela Áustria e a política residencial na Viena Socialista de 1919 até 1933, concluído-se com a proposta da Unidade Habitacional de Tamanho Adequado de Marselha,por Le Corbusier epítome da reconstrução da França no pós guerra, a partir de 1945. A segunda parte do trabalho discute a repercussão desse ideário no Brasil a partir da década de 50 concentrando-se as discussões sobre a solução proposta para as superquadras de Brasília, enquanto proposta urbanística de Lúcio Costa e o Conjunto Habitacional de Cumbica de Vilanova Artigas, Fábio Penteado e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, destinado após operários sindicalizados da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Ao longo do trabalho, desenvolvido em duas partes, serão estudados e discutidos alguns projetos modelares que representam os conteúdos ideológicos estudados e como estes transparecem na vida social e nos espaços edificados na busca da realização arquitetônica do sonho do morar coletivo.

This thesis sits at the relationship between an architecture, and the landscape that produces and is produced by that architecture, recognising that the way we build is often profoundly damaging to the land and its inhabitants, not only at the site of construction but across a vast network of extraction, transportation and processing. We need a new material culture that rethinks of the built environment as an extension of the wider ecosystem and social context, able to be maintained in good health through a symbiotic, seasonal and regenerative cycle of matter and energy.  The project uses an architectural proposal for collective living in the countryside, to explore how rural areas - responsible for the majority of our resource production - could set a precedent for new patterns of resource consumption and practice a Convivial* Construction.  *where conviviality is the building of long lasting, engaging and open ended relationships with non-humans and ecologies (Buscher & Fletcher, 2021)

The purpose of the thesis was to investigate if integrity promoting care improves functions in demented patients over time. The Erikson (1982) theory of ”eight stages of man” was used as a basis for training of staff in a three-month intervention study (I-VI) at a nursing home ward. A collective living unit where staff had had support in the performance of the delivery of care was also evaluated and compared with a nursing home in a long-term study (VII). Patients, relatives, staff, and the environments were investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of somatostatin increased, and reduction of distractability, anxiety and confusion was seen in the intervention group (I) in contrast to controls. In the collective living group (VII) EEG activities indicated a reduction of supposed dementia induced changes. Better motor and social ability, some improved intellectual ability, more alertness and reduced signs of depression were seen (I, II, VII). Patients expressed more autonomy (IV, VII) and initiatives (II-VII) and showed a lot of competence (V) in conversations. Five patients (V) showed patterns of behaviour which seemed to reflect life-long characteristics in spite of their severe dementia. The improvement in the patients' functions can be attributed to the physical environment and the integrity promoting care, since the medical treatment of the patients remained unchanged. In the thesis medical, psychological, and nursing sciences were connected in a complementary process. The results were congruent, and indicate that patients in the care of staff who had had training and support, declined less than controls. / <p>S. 1-61: sammanfattning, s. 63-184: 7 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

The purpose with this report is to speculate how our neighborhoods could look like in the future, looking at modern collective living due to the housing crisis is Sweden today. This paper will look att different forms of collective housing, to challenge the conventional way of living. Connecting sustainability to the act of sharing space and resources, in creating a collaborative lifestyle. The research methods used in this speculative project looks at three case studies of collective housing to analyse and define different levels of sharing. During the design process one intervention was executed to challenging the norm of ownership, questioning what the act of sharing demands. The goal of this project is to change assumptions of collective living by rethinking space. To create an interlaced community, with hopes of becoming more resilient. The research and its findings worked along- side the report and developed into a zine. The zine was made with key insights from the study, as a tool to communicate the design proposal and can easily be distributed to the Swedish population.

Everyone deserves a home that promotes well-being and reduces stress. Mental illness among students has tripled in the 21st century and statistics show higher numbers than ever. The problems can often be linked to socioeconomic factors and for many young people, it applies to education. The design of our cities has a great impact on how we feel and how we choose to live our lives and through awareness and knowledge of health-promoting factors, the architect can design more stress-reducing and functional environments. We need to create a pleasant environment for students to live in using architectural strategies that counteract stress. Building enjoyable apartments incorporating architectural means to reduce stress can help students in their everyday life. Having both private spaces and different scales of public areas creates opportunities to choose where they want to spend their time depending on how much interaction with other people they want. The way we design and manage spaces around apartments, outdoor as well as indoor, can support both the development of interaction between humans and solitary activities. According to studies, offering both active and passive social participation creates security and belonging. Each person takes control over their own presence in social interactions which decreases the risk of social isolation.

Today our city cores are being transformed. Not only have they been transformed from a place of production to a place of consumption, but more recently also the city core as a place of work are being challenged by increasing land prices and the desire to live centrally and urban. An urban lifestyle has in some ways become an exclusive benefit for the most wealthy, and the tall residential towers symbolizes this new urban, transnational elite, that wants the qualities of a living city center but prefers to live high up in the sky. Though this elite sometimes never lives there, since they only see the apartments as investments, as a “money deposit”. These buildings increase gentrification and segregation since they push up the housing prices of the city cores and provide no public functions, we get excluding cities rather than including. In my thesis project I speculate how we can prevent our city centers from becoming an excluding and exclusive gated community, and I develop a general redesign strategy for the exclusive residential tower typology. I have searched for a collective rather than individualistic approach, that considers both environmental and social sustainability.